动词时态与语态讲解与练习.doc

动词时态与语态被动式〔be done〕现在时态：一般现在时 is/are done 现在进展时 am/is/are being done 现在完成时 have/has been done过去时态：一般过去时 was/were done 过去进展时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done将来时： 一般将来时 will be done 过去将来时 would be done主动式 (do)现在时态：一般现在时 do/does 现在进展时 am/is/are doing 现在完成时 have/has done过去时态：一般过去时 -ed/did 过去进展时 was/were doing过去完成时 had done将来时： 一般将来时 will do 过去将来时 would do(一)Tense〔时态〕I.现在五时1.一般现在时 do/does,am/is/are(1)客观规律： The earth turns around the sun.〔2〕交通时刻表：The plane leaves at 4 o’clock.〔3 〕日程安排表：Our headmaster meets the foreign guests at 2 tomorrow afternoon.(4)现在的情况：My watch doesn’t work.我的表坏了。

〔5〕倒装Here.ThrereHere comes a bus.=A bus is coming. Here he comes.注意：My watch won’t work.我的表总是坏的本句是现在时will是情态动词表习惯)(6)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来I’ll go if you come tomorrow. 如果你将来注意：If you will come, I will be very happy.如果你愿意来(现在时will是情态动词表意愿)2.现在进展时 am/is/are+doing(1)强调现在时间里正在进展的动作：He is writing a composition.(2)瞬间动词用于进展时态表将来：He is leaving.他将离开(3)be always doing总是干(表强烈情感)：You are always making trouble.mustn't always be doing千万不要总是干：You mustn’t always be playing computer games.(4)be being正表现：---Is Jack still that naughty? ---Not always. Look! He is being a good boy.3.现在将来时(1)will/shall do将干(主观)：Our teacher is ill, and I will go to see him.(2)be going to do早打算干(主观)：What are you going to do when you grow up?(3)be about to do〔…when…〕=be on the point of doing…when…即将干(不能跟具体时间) (主观) ,正要做。

He is about to leave.He was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)be (due, bound, supposed) to do不可变的计划、命中注定、强烈愿望、应该We are to visit the Great Wall tomorrow. 4.现在完成时 have /has done (1)到现在为止(发生在过去持续到现在)：I have waited for you 2 hours.(2)对现在有影响(发生完毕在过去≠过去时)---Where have you put the book? I want to use it. 〔有影响〕---I put it on the desk, but it’s gone now.〔无影响〕(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中表示将来完成I won’t believe you until I have seen you in the bottle with my eyes.直到我亲眼将已看到你在瓶子里我才相信你5.现在完成进展时 have /has been doing 到现在为止且正干It has been raining for 2 days and I don’t know when it will stop.II.过去五时1.一般过去时 did ; was (were)I never thought you would come. I didn’t recognize you.2.过去进展时：was (were) doing 见现在进展时 Sorry, I wasn’t listening (noticing).3.过去将来时：见现在将来时4.过去完成时：had done(1)到过去为止(必须有过去动作或时间作为前提)They had passed several villages before they got to school.(2)希望,计划,打算,认为等动词用于过去完成时表示过去未实现的希望计划打算等。

hope, think, plan, want, mean, intend, suppose…)I had hoped to see you yesterday, but I was busy. 本希望5.过去完成进展时：had been doing到过去为止且正干My lost daughter had been crying long when I found her in the crowd.III.将来两时1.将来进展时：wll be doing 将正干(与将来时时间状语一样,强调正干)I will be sleeping at 8 this evening.2.将来完成时：will have done将已干(到将来某时为止)I will have mastered English well by the time I graduate from university.IV.灵活运用时态1.主句为过去五时之一时，宾语从句必须过去五时之一，客观规律除外(1) I didn’t know you would come.(2) He told me the earth circles the sun.2..before, after, as soon as等连词本身表示时间先后，不必用完成时表示先后。

He learned English before he came to school. He had supper after he took a shower.He began to read English as soon as he got to school. 3.It is the second time (that) he has met Tom.It was the second time (that) he had met Tom.It will be the last time (that) I will give you a lesson.I still remember that was the first time I have played a part in a film.4.It is the best film (that) I have ever seen. It was the best film (that) I had ever seen.I think it was the best film (that) I have ever seen5.By the time he was 14 years old , he had mastered English well.By the time I got on, the bus was already rather crowded.By the time I heard his angry voice on the phone, I sensed I would be beaten.6.It will be 3 years before he leaves school.还有三年他就要毕业。

7.(1)It is (has been) 3 years since he joined the army.(干了)他参军三年了〔到现在为止〕It is (has been) 3 years since he was in the army.(没干)他退伍三年了〔到现在为止〕(2)It was (had been)5 years since he had left.他离开五年了干了)〔到过去为止〕It was(had been) 5 years since he had smoked.他戒烟五年了没干)〔到过去为止〕(二)Passive Voice〔被动语态〕连系动词+ done都是被动1.被动的延续性和非延续性由连系动词决定如：get done〔非延续动词〕；be done〔延续动词〕；remain done〔延续动词〕2.被动的时态由主动的时态相应变化如：be being done正被干；be to be done将被干；have/had been done已被干3.以下重点词只有主动，谓语非谓语皆如此：(1) remain依然是；仍然停留；被留下：I don’t like what remains of the apple.(2) belong to sb 属于：The book belongs to me.(3) last持续：The meeting will last 2 hours.(4) take place ,break out, burst forth , occur ,happen ,go on ,come about发生：Great changes have taken place since liberation.4.以下重点词主被动看具体情况，谓语非谓语皆如此：(1)prove, look, smell, sound, feel, taste …以上词为连系动词时只有主动被证明是(只有主动)：What he said proved (to be) sound.他的话被证明是可靠的。

证明：The theory was proved by some students.理论被一些学生证明了2)sell ,wash, read, write, wear, keep, cook, open…表属性或特征只有主动，表动作有被动The book sells well, and all the books have been s。