挪威语常用短语与词汇.docx

1. BASIC PHRASES God morgenGood MorningHallo / God dagHello / Good DayGod kveldGood EveningGod nattGood NightHa det braGoodbyeHei / Ha detHi / ByeVær så snill Please(Tusen) TakkThank you (very much)Ingen årsak / Vær så godDon't mention it / You're welcomeJa / NeiYes / NoHerr / Fru / FrøkenMister / MissesVelkommen!Welcome! Hvordan har du det?How are you?Hvordan går det?How it's going?Bra / DårligGood / BadHva heter du?What's your name? Jeg heter...My name is... (I am called...)Hyggelig å treffe deg!Pleased to meet you!Hvor kommer du fra?Where are you from? Jeg er fra...I'm from...UnnskyldExcuse me / Sorry Hvor bor du?Where do you live? Jeg bor i...I live in...Jeg vil gjerne ha... / Jeg skulle gjerne hatt...I would like...Hvor gammel er du?How old are you? Jeg er ____ år (gammel).I am ____ years (old). Jeg vet [ikke.]I [don't] know.Snakker du norsk?Do you speak Norwegian?Jeg snakker engelsk.I speak English.Snakk langsomtSpeak slowlysvensk, dansk, fransk, italiensk, spansk, tysk, holländsk, rysk, japanskSwedish, Danish, French, Italian, Spanish, German, Dutch, Russian, JapaneseHva heter ... på norsk?How do you say ... in Norwegian?Forstår du?Do you understand?Jeg forstår [ikke.]I [don't] understand.Vær så snill å gjenta / Vennligst gjentaPlease repeatHva er dette?What is this?Hvor er ... ?Where is ... ?Hvor mye koster dette?How much does this cost?Jeg er sulten Jeg er tørst Jeg er trettI'm hungry I'm thirsty I'm tiredJeg er sykI'm sickJeg tror [ikke] detI [don't] think soKom inn / hitCome in / hereTa plassHave a seat.Stans! / Stopp! Stop!Straks!Immediately! / Soon! Jeg har gått meg bortI'm lostHjelp!Help!Fare!Danger! Pass på!Watch out!Vent litt!Wait a minute!Hvor langt er det?How far is it?Det var synd.That's too bad!Velbekomme!Have a good meal!Skål!Cheers! (toast)Lykke til!Good luck!Jeg elsker deg.I love you.Jeg savner deg.I miss you.2. PRONUNCIATION Norwegian letter(s) English soundd silent at end of word; and in -ld, -nd, -rdig eeeg ayh silent before consonants, such as in hv-j, gj, hj yuh, as in yeskj, tj sh, but softer and more palatalized (as in German)sj, skj shsl shlki, ky, kei, køy sh, but softer and more palatalized (as in German)ski, sky, skei, skøy shgi, gy, gei, gøy yuhg + other vowels guhsk + other vowels sk-egn, -egl, -øgn g is silentng nasalized, as in singer and not fingeræ ah as in catø ay, but with lips roundedå aw as in saw3. ALPHABET a ahh k kaw u oohb bay l el v vayc say m em w dobbel-vehd day n en x ekse ay o ooh y ew (lips rounded) f ef p pay z setg gay q koo æ ah (as in cat)h haw r air ø ay (lips rounded)i ee s ess å awj yod t tay4. NOUNS & CASES Nouns in Norwegian (Bokmål) have two genders, masculine and neuter, which adjectives must agree with when modifying nouns. Technically there is a third gender, feminine (which Nynorsk retains), but since feminine nouns can be written as masculine nouns, I'm including feminine nouns in the masculine category. There are two indefinite articles that correspond with these genders: en for masculine nouns and et for neuter nouns. In the vocabulary lists, a noun followed by (n) means that it is a neuter noun and it takes the indefinite article et. The majority of nouns in Norwegian are masculine, so they take the indefinite article en. The only case of nouns that is used in Norwegian is the genitive (showing possession), and it is easily formed by adding an -s to the noun. This is comparable to adding -'s in English to show possession. However, if the noun already ends in -s, then you add nothing (unlike English where we add -' or -'s). Olavs hus = Olav's house 5. ARTICLES & DEMONSTRATIVES There are two indefinite articles (corresponding to a and an): en and et. En is used with most of the nouns (words denoting people almost always use en), but you will just have to learn which article goes with which noun. The definite article (the) is not a separate word like in most other languages. It is simply a form of the indefinite article attached to the end of the noun. Note that en words ending in a vowel retain that vowel and add an -n instead of adding -en. And et words ending in -e just add -t. Furthermore, the t of et as an indefinite article is pronounced; however, the t is silent in the definite article -et attached to the noun. (For feminine nouns, the indefinite article is ei and the definite article that is attached to the noun is -a. In theory, this gender does still exist in Bokmål, but in practice, it is rarely used and the feminine nouns are inflected like masculine nouns, i.e. add -en instead of -a for the definite form.) Articles En words (masculine) Et words (neuter)Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definiteen fisk a fish fisken the fish et vindu a window vinduet the windowen baker a baker bakeren the baker et barn a child barnet the childen hage a garden hagen the garden et hus a house huset the houseDemonstrative Adjectivesmasculine denne dressen this suit den dressen that suitneuter dette skjerfet this scarf det skjerfet that。