定语从句导学案及 高考真题（有答案）.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑定语从句导学案及 高考真题（有答案） 定语从句学案 一、根本概念 （一） 定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰____或_____的从句叫定语从句 （二） 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词一般处境下，定语从句紧跟先行词但也有因各种理由定语从句与先行词被分割的现象 （三）关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词与先行词关系紧密，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分关系代词有：______, _______,________，________和whose, 另外，as也可充当_____代词关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语关系副词有：______, ______和_____在定语从句中充当状语 二、关系代词的用法 （一）根本用法 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词 如下表： 关系词 who 先行词 从句成分 _____ 主语，宾语 例句 Do you know the man _____ is talking with your mother? Mr. Smith is the person with _________ ______ 人 宾语 I am working The boy (_________) she loved died in whom, whichthe war. 和that在从句I like those books whose topics are 中做宾语时，常可以省略，about history. The boy ______ father works abroad is 但介词提前时后面关系my classmate. A plane is a machine ______ can fly. 代词不能省也不成以She is the pop star (______) I want to 略，用_______. see very much. The book (which) I gave you was worth which _____ 主语，宾语 $10. The picture _______ was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 备注 关系代词 whose 人，物 ______ ______ 人，物 主语，宾语 例如：（留神关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作_________） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作________） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作_______） ④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作_______） ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作_______） 第 1 页 共 40 页 定语从句学案 留神：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时那么不能。

见上例③④） （二）关系代词that代替which的一些处境 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用 但在有些处境下，只用 that ⑴ 先行词是最高级__________或它的前面有________________修饰时 ① This is the best ______ has been used against pollution. ② English is the most difficult subject _____ you will learn during these years. ⑵ 先行词是_____________，或它前面有一个______________时 ① This is the last place (that) I want to visit. ② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. ⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, ____________, everything, anything, _____________, none等代词时。

① You should hand in all that you have. ② We haven’t got much that we can offer you. ⑷ 先行词前面有the only, the ________, any, few, little, no, ______, much, every等修饰时 ① The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. ② The little money (that) he had was stolen. （三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些处境 ⑴ 先行词是one, ones, anyone时 ① One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ② Don’t tell anyone about the news who oughtn’t to know it. ⑵先行词是those时 ① Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. （四）其它处境 ⑴ 先行词既有人又有物时。

① Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ② The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. ⑵ 主句已有疑问词who 或which时 ① Which is the bike that you lost? ② Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? （五）与whose有关的问题 ⑴ whose是代词的全体格，它既可以代人也可以代物 ① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. ② Please show me the book whose cover is red. ⑵ 当whose表示物与物的全体格关系时，亦可用of which的形式 ① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. → The building, the roof ___ _______ you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 → The building, _______ the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 三、介词前提的问题 关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。

Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介词_______的宾语） →Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要留神的是： ⑴ 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用_____和______，而不再用that或who 第 2 页 共 40 页 定语从句学案 ⑵ 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略 ⑶ 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等 例如：(Ｔ ｏｒ Ｆ) ① ( )：Who is the old man to that you were talking to? ( )：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to? ② ( )：These are the sheep of which the boy took care. ( )：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of. 四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。

① Who is the guy that is reading over there? ② The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. ③ All that needs to be done has been done. ④ He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study. ⑤ Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam. 例③中的all意为“一切”，作单数例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数 二、语法学识拓展 （一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把以下句子补充完整 1. Rice is a plant ________ is grown in the south. 2. Those ________ want to go please sign their names here. 3. All ________ glitters is not gold. 4. This is the only way leads to your succe。