
美国文学惠特曼PPT优秀课件.ppt
31页Wang Ruixian2014.12.13Walt Whitman101Position02Life 03 Major WorksCONTENT04 Writing Features201Position3Whitman • PositionA poet, an essayist , A journalist, a humanistA giant of American lettersThe father of free versefree verse One of the great innovators in American literature4Whitman • PositionA part of the transition between transcendentalism and realismHe believed the American poets would create both new forms and new subject matter for poetry.He announced and instructed a complete new age.502Life 6Whitman • Life ExperienceBorn on May 31, 1819, the second son of a house-builder. Brought up in a working-class background on Long Island, New York.Had five years of schooling and a good deal of "loafing" and reading.Tried at a various of jobs and picked up a first-hand knowledge of life and people in the new world.Worked as an office boy, a printer's apprentice, schoolmaster, printer, editor (of eight successive newspapers ), and journalist.7Whitman • Life Experience1848, traveled to New Orleans and saw much of the Mississippi heartlands.1855, the first edition of Leaves Leaves of of GrassGrass came out (contained 12 poems).During the Civil War, worked as a volunteer nurse, a "wound-dresser" in military hospitals.8Whitman • Life ExperienceReleased a second edition of the book in 1856, containing thirty-three poems, a letter from Emerson praising the first edition, and a long open letter by Whitman in response. Continued to revise and expand his Leaves Leaves of of Grass, Grass, and it went through 9 editions altogether.1873, suffered a paralytic stroke.died on March 26, 1892.9Whitman • Life ExperienceAfter his death on March 26, 1892, Whitman was buried in a tomb he designed and had built on a lot in Harleigh Cemetery. 1003 Major Works11Whitman • Worksnine editions,from 95 pages,12 poems to 400 pages,401 poemsthe first American genuine epic poemsa collection of poems written mainly in free verseis noble for its frank delight in and praise of the sensesmost of the poems are about man and nature,praise the nature and the individaul human's role therein Leaves of GrassLeaves of Grass《草叶集》12Whitman • Works"Grass" means—— the image of the common people a symbol of rising America an enbodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom Leaves of GrassLeaves of Grass《草叶集》13Whitman • Leaves of Grass1855, the first edition, 12 poems ——did not sell well but made a stir on the America literary scene1856, the secnd edition, 33 poems1860, the third edition, 122 poems1867, the fourth edition1871, the fifth edition ——began to receive recognition in England and America1876, two volumes, Leaves of Grass and Two Rivulets 1881, the seventh edition ——first published by a reputation publisher, but was banned1889, the eighth edition1891-1892, the "Deathbed Edition", 400 poems —— his lifetime endeavor14Whitman • Works“Song of Myself ”自我之歌自我之歌——a good example of his thought“I Sing the Body Electric”我歌唱我歌唱带电的肉体的肉体“There Was a Child Went Forth ”有个小孩走过来“O Captain, My Captain!”船船长长!!我我的的船船长长!!——homage to the assassinated US President Abraham Lincoln"Crossing Brooklyn Ferry"过布鲁克林渡口“Passage to India ”向印度行进——extol the marriage of continents and different races“Pound Music of the Storm ”骄傲的风暴之音乐“Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking ”走走出出永永不不休休止止地地摇动着着的的摇篮——a reminiscence of a childhood experience“When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd ”当紫丁香上次在庭院中开放的时候15I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. 我赞美我自己,歌唱我自己, 我所讲的一切,将对你们也一样适合,因为属于我的每一个原子,也同样属于你。
我闲游,邀请我的灵魂一起, 我俯首下视,悠闲地观察一片夏天的草叶 —— Song of myself16—— Song of myselfMy tongue, every atom of my blood, Form’d from this soil, this air, Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,I, now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death. 我的舌,我的血液中的每个原子,都是由这泥土这空气构成,我生在这里,我的父母生在这里,他们的父母也生在这里,我如今三十七岁,身体完全健康,开始歌唱,希望不停地唱下去,直到死亡17—— Song of myselfCreeds and schools in abeyance, Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are,but never forgotten. I harbor for good or bad,I permit to speak at every hazard. Nature without check with original energy. 教条和学派先不去管, 暂且退回来,满足于它们的现状,可是决不能忘了, 我一味怀抱自然,我允许无所顾忌的诉说自然, 以原始的活力,谁也不能阻挡。
18Song of Myself • Analysisrepresenting the core of Whitman's poetic visionIn this poem Whitman sets forth two principal beliefs: the theory of universality, which is illustrated by lengthy catalogues of people and thingsthe belief in the singularity and equality of all beings in value. He extols whole universe and the world. He is thinking of self as a powerful and sensitive instrument for receiving and expressing. He moves from himself to you to others, to all humanity all together about him. 19O Captain! My Captain! • BackgroundAt the end of the Civil War in 1865, Abraham Lincoln, the symbol of democracy and progress, was assassinated by the obstinate slave owners of the south. Lincoln’s death shocked the whole country. The democratic poet Whitman wrote the poetry collection Elegy Collect (including O Captain! My Captain!) to eulogize the beloved president, to confide his own sorrow at the death of the president.In the poem Walt Whitman uses writing skills of symbol, imagery, and repetition to get a wonderful effect of art. This makes readers enjoy a unique beauty of art from vision, hearing, language and meter.The poem is highly popular among American people. It portrays Lincoln as the captain of a sea-worn ship which represents or symbolizes the Union that had experienced the American Civil War and triumphant at last.20O Captain! My Captain! Our fearful trip is done,The ship has weather'd every rack, the prize we sought is won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;But O heart! heart! heart!O the bleeding drops of red!Where on the deck my Captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.—— O Captain!!My Captain!!21O Captain! my Captain!Rise up and hear the bells;Rise up-for you the flag is flung-for you the bugle trills,For you bouquets and ribbon'd wreaths-for you the shores a crowding,For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces turning;Here, Captain! Dear father!This arm beneath your head;It is some dream that on the deckYou 've fallen cold and dead.—— O Captain!!My Captain!!22My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still,My father does not feel my arm , he has no pulse nor will;The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won;Exult, O shores!and ring, O bells!But I,with mournful tread,Walk the deck my captain lies,Fallen cold and dead.—— O Captain!!My Captain!!23Whitman • WorksThe main themes are the ideals of democracy and individualism, which the author considers to be compatible. Whitman outlines a new culture order for the U.S. He condemns the degradation of democracy and the growth of material wealth during the post-Civil War period, prophesies a future greatness and announces that there must be a declaration of cultural independence to achieve a truly national indigenous literature.Democratic VistasDemocratic Vistas 《民主的前景》2404 Writing Features25Whitman • Writing Featurethe usage of "free verse".thr range of subjects is remarkable and international.he broke with traditional English verses and make his poetry original, revoluntionary and American.the usage of simple and humble speech 26Whitman • ThemeCelebrate democracy and freedomCelebrate human indixidual power and greatness of common peoplePraise the great natureBe full of patrotic feeling27Whitman • Style and Language Free Free verseverse—the verse that does not follow a fixed metrical pattern, the verse without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme.Parallelism, a rhythm of thoughtPhonetic recurrenceThe use of a certain pronoun “I”A looser and more open-ended syntactic structureStrong tendency to use oral EnglishVocabulary---powerful, colorful, rarely-used words of foreign origins, some even wrongSentences---catalogue techniques: long list of names, long poem lines28Whitman • Democratic Ideals Openness, freedom and individualism concerned himBring hard-working farmers and laborers into American literatureAttack the slavery system and racial discriminationSings of man’s dignity and equality29Thank You2014.12.1330个人观点供参考,欢迎讨论。
