外科学绪论IntroductionofSurgery上课.ppt

外科学绪论Introduction of Surgery,一、现代外科学的发展 Development of Modern Surgery,解剖学 Anatomy,John Hunter (1728-1793), the father of experimental surgery and a superb anatomist and teacher,麻醉 Anesthesia,Willam t.G. Morton (1819-1868), a Boston dentist whose successful demonstration of ether anesthesia on October 16, 1846, at the Massachusetts Gneeral Hospital was a landmark in the history of surgery,3. 抗菌术 Antisepsis,Joseph Lister (1827-1912), the originator of antiseptic surgery,输血 Blood transfusion,Richard Lewisohn (1875-1961), a surgeon at the Mount Sinai Hospital, introduced the modern technique of blood transfusion, developed from his discovery of a method of preventing coagulation of the blood outside the body,Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), one of the first scientists to study the physical processes of immunity. He is best known for his identification and characterization of the human blood groups, A, B, and O,Theodor Kocher (1841-1917), professor of surgery at the University of Berne and pioneer in the development of surgery of the thyoid. He received the Nobel Prize in 1909,Theodor Billroth (1829-1894), professor at the University of Vienna and pioneer abdominal surgeon, Billroth was one of the most influential teachers of his time,Innovators & Pioneers in Surgery,John H. Gibbon (1903-1973), pioneer cardiothoracic surgeon who developed extracorporeal circulation,Alexis Carrel (1873-1944), an experimental surgeon interested in wound healing, tissue culture, organ transplantation, and blood vessel anastomosis. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1912,傅培彬 (1912-1989), 瑞金医院外科创始人,1954 二尖瓣分离 Commissurotomy of mitral stenosis 1958 大面积灼伤 Severe Burn 1963 断肢再植 Replantation of cut limb 1977 肝移植 The 1st case of Liver transplantation 1978 心脏移植 The 1st case of Heart transplantation 1990s- 二医外科全面发展 灼伤外科、消化外科、胆胰外科 Burn surg, Digestive S., P. Biliary 口腔外科、整形外科、小儿心脏外科 Stomatological S. Plastic S. Pediatric Cardio S,The role of SSMU in the development of surgery in China,二、外科学范畴Category of Surgery,外科疾病分类 Classification of Surgical Diseases 1) 损伤 Trauma mechanical thermal chemical electrical 2) 感染 Infection 3) 肿瘤 Neoplasia Benign, Malignant 4) 畸形 Anatomical abnormalities Congenital, Acquired,5) 内分泌功能失调 Metabolic & Hormonal disorder 6) 梗塞与缺血 Infarction & Ischamia 7) 其它 Others 梗阻Obstruction 寄生虫病Parasite diseases 静脉曲张Vein varicose,2. 外科专业发展 Development of Surgical Specialties,工作对象和性质 实验外科 Eexperimental Surgery 临床外科 Clinical Surgery,2) 人体解剖系统 骨科 Arthrosteopedic surgery 颌面外科Dentofacial surgery 心胸外科Cardiothoracic surgery 泌尿外科Urologic surgery 神经外科Neurosurgery 普通外科General surgery (腹部外科) Abdominal surgery,3) 性病性质 肿瘤外科Neoplastic surgery 急症外科Emergency surgery 创伤外科Trauma surgery 烧伤外科Burn surgery 4) 手术方式 整复外科Plastic surgery 显微外科Microsurgery 移植外科Transplantation 微创外科Minimally invasive surgery,5) 年龄 小儿外科Pediatric Surgery 成人外科Adult Surgery 6) 专业 妇科Gynecology 耳鼻喉科Otolaryngology 眼科Ophthalmology,3. 外科总论与各论 General Surgery & Special Surgery,外科学总论 General Surgery 各临床外科共同的专业基础 基础医学与临床外科学的桥梁 外科学各论Special Surgery 论述各系统、各脏器 外科疾病的病因、病理、诊断与治疗,外科分子生物学 Surgical molecular biology 外科免疫学 Surgical immunology 无菌术 Aseptic technique 外科水、电解质和酸碱平衡 Fluid and electrolyte management and acid-base balance 输血 Blood transfusion,外科休克Surgical shock 外科营养Surgical nutrition 多器官功能障碍综合征 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS 麻醉Anesthesia 外科重症监测治疗 Surgical intensive care,心肺脑复苏 Brain-cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 疼痛治疗 Pain management & Analgesia 围手术期处理 Paraoperative management 门诊外科Outpatient surgery 外科感染Surgical infection 肿瘤Neoplasma,创伤Trauma 烧伤与冷伤Burns & Cold injury 显微外科Microsurgery 器官移植Organ transplantation 组织工程Tissue engineering 腔镜外科Laparoscopic & thorascopic surgery 内镜外科Endoscopic surgery 外科介入治疗Surgical intervention treatment,三、如何学习外科How to learn surgery,外科医师的职业道德 Moral Character 理论联系实践Theory and Practice 外科基础Basic theory Basic knowledge Basic technique,Spunk of tiger 胆大,形象化的要求Some figure of speech about the basic demands,Eyes of eagle 眼明,Hands of women 手巧,Heart of mother 心细,学 问 - Learn to find questions - Learn to ask questions - Learn to solve questions Books are you best teachers Library is your best school,结束语,Now, you may have a good start - why to learn - how to learn Well begun, half done. 良好的开端，成功的一半。

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