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翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译.doc

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    • 翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法ﻫ语态转换译法1 顺译法 1.1 顺译成被动句1.2 顺译成积极句2 倒译法 2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.2 把其她介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语2.3 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法既保存原文的主语,又要使译文重要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译措施就叫顺译法1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order)1. 1 顺译成被动句A. 译成 “被” 字所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一种“被” 字来表达被动的句子重要表达这个动作不利于受事者或这个状况有点特殊,或者出乎意料加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表达“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is   overheated.【译文】 维生素C受热过度就会被破坏例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate.【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子将来发芽之需。

      例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Brontë: Jane Eyre)【译文】她觉得一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一种骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘B. 译成 “挨” 字句   “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子例1:The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评例2:I was caught in the downpour.  【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了C. 译成 “给” 字句“给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者(受事者)不快乐或不肯接受的句子例1:Our clothes were soaked with sweat. 【译文】我们的衣服给汗水湿透了。

      例2:The crops were washed away by the flood. 【译文】庄稼给大水冲跑了例3:Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company. 【译文】路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车给拖走了D. 译成 “叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、经……所” 等字句,用以加强说话、体现语调例1:You have been wetted in the rain. 【译文】你叫雨淋湿了例2:The γ-rays are not affected by an electric field.【译文】γ射线不受电场影响例3:A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in the seaquake.【译文】许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁在这次海啸中遭到破坏例4:It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.【译文】这件事必须在合适的时候用合适的手段予以解决。

      课堂互动1: 翻译下列句子, 顺译成被动句1.Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.【译文】立功的人将受到奖励2.A program called a compiler was written by an expert in machine code and is stored in the computer. 【译文】编译程序先由专家用机器代码编码写好, 然后储存在计算机中3.Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to.【译文】翻译技巧应予以足够的注重4.The applicants interviewed are required to hand in some necessary material.【译文】被谈过话的申请人,规定交上必要的材料5.Television keeps us informed about current events at home and abroad.【译文】电视使我们理解国内外大事1. 2 顺译成积极句A. 顺译成形式是积极,意义上是被动的句子把英语句子顺译成积极句,其形式是积极,但从意义和逻辑关系上看还是被动句。

      例1:Love can not be forced.  【译文】爱情不能强求例2:Love and cough cannot be hidden.【译文】爱情和咳嗽都无法隐藏例3:My holidays afternoons were spent in rambling about the surrounding country. (Washington Irving)【译文】每逢假日的下午,我总要漫步周边的乡村例4:Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.【译文】疾病必须先确诊,再用药 B. 变化原文的谓语动词,顺译成积极句    如果把英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句,则不符合汉语的语言习惯,因此常可将英语的被动句顺译成汉语的积极句,原文的谓语动词是被动形式,可转变谓语,顺译成汉语的积极形式例1:The teacher was satisfied with the answer.【译文】教师对回答感到满意例2:I am told you are careless. 【译文】据说你很粗心大意。

      例3:The long river is originated from that high mountain.【译文】这条大河发源于那座山  C. 顺译成 “是……的” 构造 英语句子要着重表达的不是受事者受到了某个行动这样一种事实自身,而是与这个行动有关的某些具体状况,如时间、地点、方式、措施等也就是说,句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态的含义这样就可以顺译成汉语的“是……的”的句式其框架为“受事者—是—动词—的”例1:That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother.【译文】这个怪念头是她哥哥想出来的例2:The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.【译文】美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学一方面实行的例3:Poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the lyre.【译文】诗歌吟唱时是由七弦琴伴奏的例4:The left ear is controlled by the right side of the brain.【译文】左耳是由大脑的右侧控制的。

      课堂互动2: 翻译下列句子, 顺译成积极句1.This is a question to be answered at once.【译文】这是一种要立即回答的问题2.We are deeply touched by the hero’s loyalty to the cause.【译文】我们深为英雄忠于事业的精神所感动3.The novels of Dickens have already been translated into many languages.【译文】狄更斯的故事已经译成了好几种语言4.The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of agricultural science.【译文】这一发目前农业科学界得到很高的评价5.Wells and spring are supplied with underground water.【译文】井水和泉水都是地下水6.I was received by a tall, lithe, vibrant woman in her 70’s, white-haired, and still beautiful.【译文】接见我的是一位高挑轻盈、满头银发的女人。

      虽然年逾古稀,却仍然神采奕奕、风韵犹存 2. 倒译法 (Translation in Reverse Order) 倒译法就是将英语被动句的主语汉译成宾语的翻译措施倒译法又分完全倒译法和部分倒译法完全倒译法是把原文by或其她介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语;部分倒译法译出的汉语句子常是无主句2. 1 把 by 后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 例1:Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man. 【译文】然而,人类只运用了这种能量的一部分例2:Rivers are controlled by dams. 【译文】拦河大坝把河流控制住了例3:We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism.【译文】社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福例4:Light and heat can be given to us by the sun. 【译文】太阳供应我们光和热例5:At least two quarts of water are required daily by a normal individual.【译文】一种正常的人每天至少需要两夸脱的水。

      2. 2 把其她介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 例1:Heat is removed from the body during sweating. 【译文】出汗时人体散发热量例2:Abundant exercises and problems are provided in this reference book.【译文】这本参照书提供了大量的练习和问题例3:The same signs and symbols of mathematics are used throughout the world.【译文】全世界都使用同样的数学记号和符号例4:50 laboratories have been built in our school.【译文】我们学校已建立了50个实验室 例5:The com。

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