中考考点专题连词.doc

中考考点专题——连词一、并列连词：（一）连词的概念：连词是一种虚词，不能担任一个句子成分连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词二）并列连词的分类： 表示意思转折的连词But, yet, however 表示因果关系的连词For, so, therefore 其他并列连词And, or, either…or, neither…nor not only…but also, both…and, as well as例句：Slow but sure.  要慢而稳 She’ll be back either this week or next week.  她将在这周或下周回来 I went and she went also.  我去了，她也去了三）并列连词的用法：1、 并列连词and和or：①and 和or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：a. 两个并列的动词： We were singing and dancing all evening.  整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞b. 名词、形容词等：This apple is big and red. Would you like fish or beef?  c. 两个并列的分句（句子）： I said it and I meant it.  我说话算数。

②and 可连接两个分句，表示递进关系 Give him an inch and he will take a mile.  他会得寸进尺③or可连接分句，表示“否则”：Don’t drive so fast or you’ll have an accident.  别开这么快，不然你会出车祸2、 表示意思转折的连词：but, yet:①but和yet的用法： The weather will be sunny but cold.  天气会晴朗但很冷 It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的②however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折---“但是”或“然而”a. however:    His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意b. still: It’s raining; still I’d like to go.   天在下雨，但我还是要去③词组all the same:She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.  她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。

3、表示因果的连词：① for可以表示“因为”，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见 The days were short, for it was now December.  白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月 She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭 ② so 表示结果，可译为“因此”、“所以”Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车③ therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思---“因此”，可放句前：He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我 4、both... and 的用法 A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力 【难点】5、就近原则： 1）neither…nor… Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member. 2）not only…but also… Not only you but also he likes football. 3）either…or… Either Jim or Peter is right. 4）not…but… Not Jim but Peter broke the cup. 6、as well as的用法: I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。

［辨析］(1) because、as、since、for的用法：because(因为)表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面；另外,回答why的问句只能用because. as(因为)表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释如：He is not at school today because he is seriously ill.（他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害）/ As all of you have got here, now, let’s go to the zoo.（既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧）/ I will ask Lin Tao to go with me since you are very busy.（既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧）/ We must be off now for the match starts at 7：00.（我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始）(2)if、whether的区别：表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句,另外,whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；而if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。

如：I don’t know if/whether he will arrive on time.（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/ I will ring you up if he arrives on time.（如果他按时到达我会给你打的） [注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if：①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder / not sure之后,⑧在if与whether含义易混时如：Whether it is a fine day next Sunday is still a question.（下个星期天是不是个好天还是个问题）(引导主语从句) / Please ask him whether to go there with a raincoat or not.（请问一下带不带雨衣去那儿）(作动词的宾语) / Hainan is the place to be, whether it’s summer or winter.（海南是个该去的地方无论冬夏）(引导让步状语从句)/ Please let me know whether you need my help.（请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助）(引导宾语从句)(如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”)(3)while、when、as的用法区别：while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；as与上两词同义,可替换while和when, 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。

如：Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework.（我写作业时请不要打扰我）/ I’ll go home when I have finished my job.（我干完了活儿就回去）/ They were running quickly across the road when they heard the sound of a truck coming.（他们正快速地穿过马路忽然听到了卡车开来的声音）/ As we walked in the dark street, we sang songs and talked loudly.（当我们在黑洞洞的街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话）(4)till/until与not…till/until的区别：前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作如：I will stay here and watch the baby until you return.（我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来）(stay这个动作一直进行到你return) / They won’t go on working until they get what they think is reasonable.（他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的） 另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till. 如：Until the last minute of the match we kept playing.（我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟）/ Not until he had finished his work did he go home.（直到做完工作他才回家）（倒装句）(5)though与although的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。

although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though； though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首如：He passed the exams although illness prevented him from going to classes.（尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试）/ she won’t leave the TV set,even though her husband is waiting for her for the supper.（她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭）/ It was a quiet party. I had a good time, though.（这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心）(6)prefer to…rather than…与prefer…to…的区别：prefer to…rather than…后面都是用动词原形,prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词如：I prefer English to Japanese.（与日语相比我更喜欢英语）/ I pref。