考古学笔记（archaeological notes）.doc

考古学笔记（Archaeological notes）Archaeological notes.Txt and the mood of aftershocks, like the first love lover girl, afraid he does not come, and feared him. I heard The woman is like the clothes, Brothers are like hands and feet., in retrospect, I actually all flurry and confusion streaking more than 20 year! I'm in a bad mood today. I only have four sentences to say, including this sentence and the first two sentences! Archaeological monograph 1 (2009-02-17 18:38:32) Tags: Classification: the idea of living.First, the definition of archaeology.1., the origin of the word "Archaeology". "Archaeology" this noun in Chinese appears very early, such as the Northern Song Dynasty scholar Lv Dalin wrote "archaeological map" (1092) a book, but it was the so-called "Archaeology", only the bronze and stone carvings on some from the collection and collation, is quite different from the meaning of modern archaeology sense.2. source of the word "Archaeology". The word "Archaeology" in modern China may have been translated from western language Archaeology at one time. Archaeology comes from the Greek, meaning "the study of ancient literature" in 17 and eighteenth Century, generally refers to the study of the Antiquities and monuments containing art value, by nineteenth Century, of all antiquities only refers to.3. definition of archaeology. Archaeology is a discipline which studies the ancient social history of human beings according to the material data left behind by ancient human activities.It belongs to the humanities. The scope of the study is ancient, but in different countries and different ages, the lower limit of Chinese Archaeology is the Ming dynasty. The objects of the study were material objects, ancient relics and relics.Its research basis is field investigation. The research is characterized by substantial content, careful methods, systematic theory and clear goals. Its branches are prehistoric archaeology, historical archaeology and field archaeology. Natural science. There are close links between many fields in the field of technical science and some subjects in Humanities and social sciences. There is a certain relationship between Chinese traditional stone inscriptions and archaeology. Archaeology was introduced into China in twentieth Century, and stone inscriptions have been partly replaced by archaeology.Two, archaeological research objects.Starring in ancient human activities left behind in kind material. The kind of material referred to here should generally be an artifact of the conscious processing of ancient humans. Such as tools, weapons, supplies, etc., or human built houses, graves, castles and other buildings. If natural objects are not processed by human beings, they must be determined to be related to human activities or to reflect human activities. As for houses with natural stones and collecting fishing and hunting activities from the remains of animals and plants, which are also the object of the archaeological study.1. relics. Any of various movable objects left behind by ancient human activities. Relics are usually classified in terms of the material or function of the artifacts. As to the objects of raw materials can be divided into wood, stone, jade, pottery, bone and so on; to use or function can be divided into tools, weapons, tools, accessories, art etc..2. ruins. The remnants of ancient human activity; signs of non mobility. Monuments are usually classified and named according to their functions or uses,Such as storage cellars, bury the dead grave, housing abandoned after the base, defensive walls or ditches, water wells. In general ruins, there are relics of varying numbers. Some of these artifacts were inadvertently discarded, such as garbage and broken pottery, tools, etc., that were dumped in abandoned pits or trenches. Some people are consciously put in, such as tombs, funerary objects etc..3. site. A continuous collection of ruins or relics left over from the daily life or living quarters of an ancient community. Most of the ancient ruins ruins have various properties and functions of different houses and defense, economic facilities consisting of village or the village.4. archaeological culture. An ancient human remains community representing the same era and concentrated in certain regions and with local characteristics. An archaeological culture usually consisting of a number of properties, characteristics, and sites of the same age. They should belong to a particular group of ancient societies, tribes, tribes, alliances, peoples, etc..Three, archaeology and periodization.Basic concepts of the decadeRelative age: the chronology of relics and relics, the chronology of cultural relics and the chronology of cultural relics. Such as "Paleolithic period", "Neolithic Age" and "Yangshao culture early", the latter period of the Shang dynasty". It is concluded that the relative age mainly depended on the methods of 。