职称英语考试 争锋软件 理工A 考前最后的押题.doc

2014年争锋软件职称英语考前押题阅读理解：（共6篇，重点4篇）Ø Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright（重点）Ø Batteries Built by Viruses（重点）Ø Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”（重点）Ø Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety（重点）n Cell Phones Increase Traffic,Pedestrain Fatalitiesn U.S.Scientists Comfirm Water On Mars建议对以下文章进行一般性了解：l Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Neededl Renewable Energy Sourcesl Too Little for Global Warmingl Clone Farml Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warningl Listening to Birdsong购买金牌保过版的客户，请认真学习软件中“名师课堂-阅读理解精讲”中以上相关文章的课程。

请尽量将“名师课堂-阅读理解精讲”中的全部课程都学习掌握好，以确保在任何情况下都能轻松应对完形填空：Ø Free Stains With Fast Food Could Neutrailze Heart RiskØ “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageØ Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters【阅读理解】Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright直立（重点掌握）视频课程见：名师课堂-阅读理解精讲 第7讲Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright, may have originated起源 millions of years ago as an adaptation适应 to carrying scarce稀缺, high- quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S., England, Japan and Portugal investigated研究考察 the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees黑猩猩 as they competed竞争 for food resources， in an effort to understand what ecological生态 settings would lead a large ape大猿 — one that resembles类似于 the 6 million-year old ancestor祖先 we shared in common共同分享 with living chimpanzees — to walk on two legs. “These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "，said Dr. Richmond. The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs四肢 instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize独占 a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands. Over time久而久之，intense激烈的 bursts爆发of bipedal双脚 activity may have led to anatomical解剖学 changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted进行 by the team in Guinea几内亚. The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University’s “outdoor laboratory” in a natural clearing天然空地 in Bossou Forest博苏森林. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to有权使用 different combinations of two different types of nut — the oil palm nut油棕榈坚果，which is naturally widely available, and the coula nut可乐果, which is not. The chimpanzees’ behavior was monitored in three situations:(a) when only oil palm nuts were available,(b)when a small number of coula nuts were available，and(c) when coula nuts were the majority available resource. When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized珍贵的 resource and competed for them more intensely激烈的. In such high-competition settings，the frequency频率 of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four四倍. Not only was it obvious that bipedal双足 movement allowed them to carry more of this precious珍贵 resource, but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available -- even their mouths. The second study, by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University, was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding抢劫粮食, a situation in which they have to compete for rare and unpredictable不可预知的 resources. Here, 35 percent of the chimpanzees activity involved some sort of bipedal双足 movement, and once again, this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to尝试 carry as much as possible at one time. 词汇： scarce adj.缺乏的，不足的；稀有的 chimpanzee n.黑猩猩 ape n.无尾猿; 类人猿 bipedal adj. 二足的 anatomical adj.解剖的 coula nuts( coula 也可写作 cola 或 kola)可乐果 注释： 1. GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences:乔治•华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学 院。

乔治·华盛顿大学（George Washington University)的英文简称为GW，是美国顶尖的私立大学之一，于 1821年建校，位于美国首都华盛顿 2. ecological settings: 生态环境 3. bipedal activity：双足活动 4. anatomical chaiige: 解剖学上的变化 5. Kyoto University:京都大学，是继东京大学之后成立的日本第二所国立大学，于1897 年建校京都大学主要校区位于日本历史名城京都市 6. Bossou: 博苏,几内亚的一个地名博苏森林生活着黑猩猩群落 7. oil palm nut: 油棕榈坚果 8. increased by a factor of four:增加了四倍 9. in one go: —口气 10. Oxford Brookes University: 牛津布鲁克斯大学，创立于1865 年，是英国最具特色的综合性大学之一牛津布鲁克斯大学位于世界学术名城——牛津这里学风浓郁、精英荟萃，历来为求学圣地1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.B.Chimpanzee’s。