初升高第8课时不定式动名词分词用法比较题30道.docx

第9课时动名词和分词与动词不定式用法比较1 .作主语（1）动名词和不定式都可充当主语，意义上一般区别不大Seeing is believing.和 To see is to believe.百闻不如——见——个句子前后 统一）但动名词常表抽象性概念，泛指习惯性动作或抽象概念，而不定式指某一具体时 间内或将来时间中的具体的、特定的动作I like swimming , but I don' t like to swim today.（喜欢游泳是一直喜欢,但是今天 不喜欢）⑵不定式通常用It作形式主语，而动名词通常直接放在句首作主语It's necessary to take more sports and game盘进行体育运动是必要的It's nice to talk to such an interesting person as yoU口你这么有趣的人谈话彳艮 有意思Climbing mountains is tiring. 爬山是很累人的⑶动名词用It作形式主语时常用于一些固定结构中，如It's no use （good, sense, useless, pointless, a waste of time） doing sth.It's no use trying to persuade her to follow your advice.想说服她接受你的建 议是没有用的。

It's pointless applying for such an undesirable job.申请这份不令人喜欢的工 作没有意义2 .作表语（联系动词一般都是be）（1）动名词和分词都可作表语，但动名词作表语说明主语的具体内容，又常有动 词特性，可带宾语和状语，而分词则表示主语的性质或状态，可用副词修饰，也 可有比较级The main job of the ant queen is laying eggs蚁后的主要工作是产卵laying eggs为job的具体内容，动名词带宾语This book is really entertaining.这本书确实是引人入胜的现在分词表示 主语的性质He grew more excited and a little frightened when he got to the mysterious cave.当到达那个神秘的洞穴的时候，他变得更加兴奋，同时又有一点害怕过去分词作表语，表示已经出现的状态）（2）动词不定式亦可作表语Your task is to get the information we need as soon as possible.^的任务就是 尽可能早地弄到我们所需要的信息。

3 .作宾语在某些动词或短语后，只能接动名词而不用动词不定式作宾语1）某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，而不能用不定式，这些动词有：anticipate, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, evade, escape, consider, postpone,cancel, call off, delay, deny, admit （to） , confess to,dislike, fancy, imagine,finish, complete, mind, miss, practise, prevent, quit, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, suggest,stand,bear, endure, tolerate, put up with, keep （on辩注：在demand, deserve（值得），need, want, require等动词后所接的主动语态动 名词具有被动意义These points deserve mentioning.这些要点值得一提The knife needs sharpening.这把刀需要磨快。

2）在下面一些短语后，只能后接动名词而不能用不定式做作宾语：admit to, attend to, be accustomed to, be close to, be tired of, be fed up with, be/get used to, be worth, call off, refer to, confessed to, dreamed of, insist on, persist in, stick to, hold to, adhere to, look forward to, approve of, feel like, put off, give up, keep on, succeed in, object to, set about, limit to, reduce- to, on the way to, get through, decide on, persuade sb.into/out of doing, warn sb. against, bother abc®He dreamed of going abroad for further study.他向往着出国进修。

3） advise, allow, encourage, permi侍动词后带-ing形式作宾语，带不定式作宾语 补足语My parents don't allow smoking in our house.我父母亲不允许在房间里抽烟 MY parents don't allow me to smoke in our house.我父母亲不允许我在房间 里抽烟3）某些动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式1）意义无明显区别，但有时有泛指、特指之分或用法稍有区别用动名词往往 强调事情，用动词不定式往往强调动作这些动词有 begin, continue, start, like, hate, love, dread, prefe等1 love dancing, but I don't love to dance this evening.我喜欢跳舞，但不喜欢今 晚跳舞When we began climbing the hill, it began to rain.我们开始爬山时，天开始下 雨注：在下面三种情形下，begin和start后只能用不定式：当主语是无生命无意识的事物时；当begin和start本身用于进行时态时；当begin 和start后接表心理状态的动词，如 realize, understand, know^o意义有明显差别a.在remember, forget,regret之后，用动名词表示动作已发生，用不定式表动作尚1 remember watching that movie.我记得我曾经看过那部电影.（电影已经看过了）—-I remember to watch that movie.我记得我要去看那部电影.（电影还没 有去看）b. mean接动名词意为“意味着"，接不定式意为“打算”。

mean to domean doingSummer holiday means a lot of homework.暑假久意味着有很多的作业There's a man in front of the car who seems very angry and I think he means to make trouble.车前站着一个人，他看起来很愤怒，我想他是打算来捣乱的d. try接动名词意为"试一试(看是否有效)"，接不定式意为"试图"、"打算"、" 尽力”try to dotry doingThe student tried using a new way to study English 这个学生尝试用一种新方 法学习英语He tried to swim across the English Channel.他打算游过英吉利海峡e. chance接动名词意为“冒险干某事",接不定式意为"碰巧干某事”He chanced climbing the cliff without a safety belt.他冒险不系安全带去攀爬 峭壁The daughter of my friend chanced to study in my class.我朋友的女儿碰巧在 我班上学习。

rejnejnber doing forget doing _ reeret doing _ mean doing try Mini ehaice doing _要义有明显差别 remenber to do forget tc do _ restet tc do_ mean to do try t?如 ehariCfi tc daf.go on, stop, quit后跟动名词作宾语，后跟不定式作状语，表目的He went on studying till the midnight.他坚持学习到半夜He introduced himself and went on to give the lecture.他介绍了 自己, 接下 去开始讲课作宾语补足语或主语补足语(1)现在分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表示动作正在进行，而不定式作宾语或主语补足语表示动作的全过程1 saw Tom waving to me from across the street.我看见汤姆在街对面向我挥 手The boy was seen swimming in the river.那个男孩被看见在河里游泳1 saw Tom fall from the tree.我看见汤姆从树上跌落下来。

Mary was seen to cross the street and enter a sho川丽被人看见穿过街道 进了一家商店2)过去分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表被动和完成的动作，而现在分词表主动和进行的动作 朝老人冲过去看见老人被汽车撞倒了I saw the car running toward the old man.我看见那辆汽车1 saw the old man knocked down by the car.我(3)动词 feel, hear, listen to, make, have, let, see, watch, notice, observed概括为" 一感觉两听三役使四看")后接不定式作宾语补足语时，常省掉不定式的标志toThe thief observed the lady enter the bank.小偷观察那位女士走进银行现在分词不定式作过去分词宾语补足 语表小主动和正在进行的 动作表示动作的全过程表被动和完成的动作feel, hear, listen to, make, have, let, see, watch, notice, observe（可概括为"一感觉两听三役使四看”）常省掉不定式的标志to ,即加动词原形作定语动名词、分词和不定式都可作定语。

动名词作定语表示它所修饰的名词的功能， 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的主语的主动或正在进行的动作，过去分词则表示被动或 完成的动作，而不定式表示即将发生或经常发生的动作Crusoe finally found a hiding place in a cave. （a hiding place = a place for people to hide in）克鲁索最后在一个岩洞里找到了藏身之处。