
英语四级翻译.doc
12页翻译八大高频率语法考点:翻译部分共5个句子,一句一题句子长度为15~30词句子中的一部分已经用英文给出,要求根据句子意思将汉语部分翻译成英语翻译时必须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯,要求用词准确一. 比较结构1. 常考的考点包括原级和比较级结构,例如,as…as (与一样), more… than(比更)注意:more than 表示“不只是”;no more than 表示“仅仅”; no more… than…=not…any more than…表示“与Example: Mary is more clever than Peter.(玛丽和彼得一样不聪明)2. the more… the more“ 越3. 倍数的表达法1) A is倍数+the size/length/width of BA 是B的几倍大小/长/宽2)A is倍数+as +形容词或副词 +as B(A 是B的几倍)3)A is倍数+more than B(A 比B多几倍)【例1】On average, it is said, visitors spend only _______ (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.【解析】后半句有as一词,构成as… as… 结构表达倍数。
答案为:half a s much money.4. 表示“与相比”的短语短语常有compared with; in comparison with. 注意不要混淆compare with和compare to(把比做)【例2】_______ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.【解析】待译内容是比较状语相比”可以翻译为compared with, 也可翻译为in comparison with.“我成长的地方”需要用定语从句答案为:Compared with (the place) where I was brought up.二.定语从句(attributive clause)1) 关系代词引出的定语从句which指物,在从句中做主语或宾语;who指人,在从句中做主语或宾语; whom指人,在从句中做宾语; whose指人或物,在从句中做定语; that指人或物, 常替代which, who, whom在从句中做主语或宾语.2)关系副词引出的定语从句when(时间),where(地点),why (原因),在句中做状语。
3)介词+ which(whom)引出的定语从句Example: The girl to whom you spoke is my sister. 跟你说话的那个女孩是我妹妹4)限制性的定语从句和非限制性的定语从句5)as 引出的定语从句常在such…as/ same…as 的结构中做关系代词Example: Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的这种人现在已经寥寥无几了As 可以引导非限制性定语从句,相当于which. Example: I am from Beijing, as/ which you know. 但是as可以放在句首,而which不能Example: As you know, I am from Beijing.6) that与which的区别:which可以引导一个非限制性的定语从句,that不能Which之前可以有介词,that不能以下是只能用that,而不能用Which的情形当先行词是all, anything, everything, few, little, much, nothing, something等不定代词时。
当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被the very, the only等词语修饰时例3】The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ______ (我们可以合作的领域)【解析】the field/area(in which/ where) we can cooperate.三.状语从句(adverbial clause)在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做~可以分为:时间,地点,条件,方式,原因,目的,结果1.时间状语由以下连词引导:when; whenever(任何时候);as(当时,随着while; before/ after; since(自从);as soon as(一就) ;until(直到),once(一旦)还可以由一些名词(the moment, the instant, every time)和副词(instantly, directly)连接. Example: Every time I catch a cold, my nose runs. 我一感冒就流鼻涕 2.地点状语由以下连词引导:where, wherever(无论什么地方) Example: Sit wherever you like.你想坐哪就坐哪。
3.原因状语从句由以下连词引导: Because, as, since(因为,由于), now that(既然), not that …but that (不是因为而是因为) Example: He felt a bit worried, not that this students were not working hard, but that they cared little for their health.(他有些着急,不是因为他的学生不努力学习,而是因为他们不太注意身体健康)4.目的状语从句由以下连词引导:So that(为了), in order that(为了), lest(以免)5. 结果状语从句由以下连词引导:That, so that (结果),so…that (如此以致),such… that(这样的以致)二者区别:1).目的状语从句常用情态动词,结果状语从句不用2)目的状语从句主从之间一般不用逗号隔开,结果状语从句有逗号3)目的状语从句表示一种可能性或意愿,结果状语从句表示一种事实6.条件状语从句由以下连词引导:If, unless, suppose, provided(that)(假设), on condition that(如果),as(so) long as(只要), in case(如果)7.比较状语从句由以下连词引导:As…as, not so…as (不像。
一样), than, the(more/ less)…the (more/ less)8.方式状语从句由以下连词引导:As if(though)(似乎,好像),as9.让步状语从句由以下连词引导:Though/ although, as(虽然,尽管), even if(though)(即使), however(尽管),whatever(不管)No matter(how/ what/ when/ where)(不管怎样、什么,何时,哪里)Example: Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the stone. (尽管我可以试一试,但我不可能举起那块石头)(从句语序倒装)四.名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句引导这些从句的是关联词(connective),主要有三类:主从连接词:that(无意义),whether/if (是否) 连接代词: who, whom(谁), whose(谁的), what(什么), which(哪一个)连接副词:when, where, why, how主语从句(subjective clause)一般由what, who, which, why, how, when, which, whether…or…等引导,这些名词性从句作主语时,我们称之为主语从句。
Why he would reject such a good offer remained unknown all these years.Whether we can succeed or not depends upon our efforts.What you have done for us will be in our memory for ever.当句子的实际主语太长时,英语习惯用先行代词it作形式主语,然后再引出真正的主语It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.其他常用先行代词it作形式主语的句型还有:It is self-evident that… 很明显的是It goes without saying that… 不用说It is asserted that... 有人主张…It is believed that... 据信…It is generally considered that… 人们普遍认为…It is hoped that...人们希望…It is reported that... 据报道…It is said that... 据说…It is supposed that... 据推测...It is well-known that...众所周知…It must be admitted that…必须承认…It cannot be denied that… 不可否认…It must be pointed out that...需指出的是…It was told that... 据传…It will be said that...有人会说… It follows that… 由此可见…It is inappropriate that… …是不合适的宾语从句(objective clause)是置于谓语动词之后的名词性从句写作中常用的跟宾语从句的谓语动词以主语是We举例如下:We assume that… 我们设想、假设…We suggest that…我们认为、建议…We hold/maintain/ that…我们认为…We stress that…我们强调…We admit that…我们承认…We deny that… 我们否认…We hope that… 我们希望…We discover that… 我们发现…We recommend that…我们推荐、建议…We mention that…我们提到…表语从句(predictive clause)是主语+系动词(linking verb)+从句所构成的语句,其中系动词包括三类:n be的其各种形式;n 表示变化的词如go, become, turn;n 表示感觉的词,常有“……起来”的含义如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等同位语从句(appositive clause),在抽象名词之后,如Belief, doubt, evidence, ideal, fact, hope, thought等,可以用that或连接代(副)引出的从句作同位语,叫做~。
Example: There is。












