2023年考研英语一真题及答案.pdf

2023年考研英语一真题及答案（ 仅供参考）一、完形填空Use of EnglishCaravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areasincludingChina, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically _ 1_ outside thewalls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of_ 2—.This word "Caravanserais” is a _ 3— of the Persian word “karvan" , whichmeans a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. ThePerm caravan was used to _ 4_ groups of people who travelled together across theancient network for safety reasons, —5— merchants, travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become moredeveloped, the _ 6— of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe placefor people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road _ 7_ possibility of beingattacked by thieves or being _ 8— to extreme conditions. For this reason,Caravanserais were strategically placed _ 9— they could be reached in a day' s traveltime.Caravanserais served as an informal _ 10— point for the various people whotravelled the Silk Road. _ 11 _ , those structures became important centers for culture—12— and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, _ 13—talking knowledge with them, greatly _ 14— the development of severalcivilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and _ 15—in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. _ 16_ , it was frequently the first stopmerchants looking to sell their wares and _ 17— supplies for their own journeys. It is—18— that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,_ 19_ only about 3000 are known to remain today, many of which are in _ 20_ .1、答 案 ： C. located第1页 共1 6页2、答 案： A. privately3、答 案 ：D. combination4、答 案 ：C. describe5、答 案： C. such as6、答 案： A. construction7、答 案 :B. faced8、答 案： B. subjected9、答 案： A. so that10、答案： D. meeting11、答案： D. As a result12、答 案： C. exchange13、答案： C. as well as14、 答 案： B. influencing15、答 案： A. aided16、答案： B. indeed17、答案： D. stock up on18、答案： A. believed19、答案： D. although20、答 案 ：A. ruins二、阅读理解Text 1第2页 共1 6页The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but thetemperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this monthas officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting theproposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasise theprimacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion ofmitigation measures.Most scientists and experts shaiply dispute Hardy' s views. "They casuallydismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion//says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, anon-profit group that monitors public education ； "What millions of Texas kids learnin their public schools is detemiined too often by the political ideology of partisanboard members, rather than facts and sound scholarship/7Such debate reflects fierce discussion discussions across the US and around theworld, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for agreater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profitgroup of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across thecountry address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states agrade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populousstates, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has adisproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch, the centre' s deputy director, cautions that setting state-levelscience standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralisesdecisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in itsscience standards, “that does not mean it will be taught” , he says.第3页 共1 6页Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjectsand at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not aswell represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widelytaught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studiescourses.Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines andtextbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educationalmaterials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers.They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industryassociations.21. In paragraph 1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to答案： C. indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?答 案 ： B. She denies the value of scientific work.23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5答 案 ： A. Climate education is insufficient at state public school24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US答 案 ： C. have limited influence25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in someschools答 案 ： D. can be swayed by external forcesText 2Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-termrentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high homeprices and historically low inventory, there' s an increased urgency in such regulation,particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swathsof housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.第4页 共1 6页In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent,housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on analready strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would7ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.〃 We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing, so anytime you7 retaking the tool out of the toolkit for communities to address this, you' re potentiallytaking supply off the market that' s already incredibly stressed/ ' said Nick Taylor,executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast.Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, "'employersare having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard timefinding a place to live/ ' Taylor said.However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, a crucial part ofthe economies in places like Nantucket, Cape Cod, or the towns that make up NewHampshire' s Seacoast and Lakes Region, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of the CapeCod & Islands Association of Realtors. 〃 A lot of workers are servicing the touristindustry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term/ 'Castle said, "and so if s a cyclical effect/ 'Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, anaffordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston. "I thinkindividuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it' s theirvacation home anyway, and it' s just empty, why can1 t you make money off i t? ''Hom said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scaleshort-term rental facilities — de facto hotels — to bypass taxes and regulations. "Ithink the question is, shouldn' t a developer who' s really building a hotel, but第5页 共1 6页disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?1 ' Homsaid.At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in thosepotential investor-buyers. "The bill requires every rental host to register with the state,mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a newstate levy/ ' the Globe reported. Boston took things even further, limiting who isauthorized to rent out their home, and requiring renters to register with the city1 sInspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling citiesand towns. The only way to solve the issue, however, is by creating more housing.“If we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have tobuild a lot more/ '26 .Which of the following is true of New England?答 案 ： A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.27 .The bill mentioned in the Paragraph 2 was intended to?答 案 ： D. allow a free short-term rental market.28 . Compared with Castle, Tailor is more likely to support?答 案 ： B in increase in a affordable housing29 . What does Horn emphasize in paragraph 3?答案： C the necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.30 . Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is答 案 ： D an inadequate solution.Text 3If you" re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of theDuchess of Sussex' s new children' s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared第6页 共1 6页to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President's Daughter, the newthriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published nextweek by Penguin Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off withWaterstones.The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed thatit had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level” . Thetrade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers werebeing told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spacesand windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections0 .PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones toldme: ""Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, theonly publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are notboycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability forcustomers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We do thisgenerally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops. 〃 Weare hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we willbe allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and booksales are very strong. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any monthsince 2018.”In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers - as have customers, whomight expect the new titles from the country' s biggest publisher to be prominentlydisplayed by its biggest book retailer. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it's those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff s passion forpromoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to thedispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences ofthe proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster - the第7页 共1 6页reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer biddingwars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published. And onewonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in theway it has if it weren* t quite such a big company (it was formed with the merger ofPenguin and Random House in 2013) and likely to get bigger.“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels.Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms withpublishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon/' says Lownie. "Thepublishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needsa plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. Afterall, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from smallpublishers//We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need amongpublishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31. the author mentions two books in the paragraph 1 to present答 案 ： A. an ongoing conflict32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?答 案 ： C. to respond to PRH's business move33. What message did the spokesman of Waterstones seem to convey?答 案 ： A. their customers remain royal34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?答 案 ： A Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie's view?答 案 ： D The merger of publishers is a worrying trendText 4Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each yearresearchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific第8页 共1 6页community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including theperceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title' s impact factor) and thenumber of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and thereputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers theyproduce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.In recent years, there have been several episodes of scientific fraud, includingcompletely made-up data, massaged or doctored figures, multiple publications of thesame data, theft of complete articles, plagiarism of text, and self-plagiarism. Andsome scientists have come up with another way to artificially boost the number ofcitations to their work.Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflatecitation numbers, have existed fbr a long time. In 2016, researchers developed analgorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors thatdisproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each otherfrequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, I came acrossyet another expression of this predatory behavior: so-called support serviceconsultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authorsand to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to theirarticles and the articles of colleagues. Some of these consultancies are also active inorganizing conferences and can advise that citations be added to conferenceproceedings. In this manner, a single editor can drive hundreds of citations in thedirection of his own articles or those of colleagues that may be in his circle.How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, anindividual—acting as author, editor, and consultant- was able to use at least 15journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at threeuniversities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, which includes a high number of thenew “international“ journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to betargeted in this type of citation manipulation.第9页 共1 6页36 According paragraph 1, the careers of scientists can be determinedby________答 案： B how many times their papers are cited37 The support service consultancies tend to.答 案： C ask authors to include extra citation38 the function of the milk cow to journals is to.答 案： A boost citation counts for certain authors39 . What can be learned about Scopus from the last two paragraph?答 案： [B] It has the capability to identify suspicious citation40 . What should an author do to deal with citation manipulation?答 案： [D]Reveal their misconduct三、新题型考察了排序题， 出题形式与往年略有差异， 给出了三个既定选项位置， 并给出了 8个 选 项 ， 首段空缺， 虽然出题形式略有差异但解题思路和难度并无差异，只要能看出指代即可轻松判断出首段， 整体难度中等。

Reading Part BA. Last year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographsby the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured thefirst-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the ColoradoRockies.B. Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, wasa novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for landconservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone regionin particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.C As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalizeon the expedition' s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and第1 0页 共1 6页distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran' s paintings, to each member ofCongress. "The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that thisis something that has to be protected/' says Murphy.D Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had longrecognized the area" s riches, most Americans did not. That' s why Hayden' sexpedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region,from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to theentourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran andphotographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astoundingnatural beauty and sharing it with the world.E The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8,1871. Over nearly fourmonths, dozen of man made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed alongthe Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone lake. That fall, they concluded thesurvey in fort Bridger, WyomingF Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had longrecognized the area's riches, most Americans did not. Thafs why Hayden's expeditionaimed to produce a fuller understanding of the yellowstone river region, from it's hotsprings and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourge ofscientists, the team also included artists : Painter Thomas Moran and photographerJackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing itwith the world.G The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with largemajorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislationprotecting yellowstone in early 1872 . That March, President Ulysses S.Grant signedan act into law that established Yellowstone as the world*s first national park, whilesome locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted-andJackson's photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. I don't believe thatthe legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those第1 1页 共1 6页images , says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangersand Rogues, Bisonord Bears : 100 years of the national Park Service.H Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence thatlater made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition,Hayden collected his team1 s observation into an extensive rep aimed at convincingSenators and Representatives, along with colleagues at government agency like thedepartment of Interior that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.答 案：BAFEDHCG41.B42. F43. D44. C45.G四、英译汉讲了人工智能在digital marketing里 的 应 用 ， 生 词 不 多 ， 与往年翻译题目相比难度偏低。

Translation(46) AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regardingtheir hobbies,favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketingmessages put out through social media.【 参考译文】人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择， 包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚， 从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容47) Some believe that Al is negatively impacting on the marketer's role byreducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducingcosts and creating new information.【 参考译文】一些人认为， 人工智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人员产生了负面影响， 但他们也意识到， 这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。

第1 2页 共1 6页(48) Algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of theseconcerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using Al to interactwith customers will be.【 参考译文】用于刺激人际互动的算法正在引发许多此类担忧， 尤其是在没有人非常确定使用人工智能与客户互动的结果会是什么情况下49)If customers are not willing to share data.AI will be starved of essentialinformation and will not beable to function effectively or employ machine learning toimprove its marketing content and communication.【 参考译文】如果客户不愿意分享数据， 人工智能将缺乏必要的信息， 无法有效地发挥作用， 也无法使用机器学习来改善其营销内容和传播。

50)The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing message in a way that issensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges to the digitalmarketer.【 参考译文】 以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地传递营销信息是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战之一五、小作文小作文考查告示， 主题是为教授关于校园体育活动的研究项目招募助手， 给出助手工作责任和要求， 难点在于容易审题错误， 要弄清楚是为研究项目招募学生 ， 不是校园体育活动 题目】Writing Part ADirections:Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith7 s research project on campussports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use 〃 Li Ming“ instead.第1 3页 共1 6页Do not write the address. (10 points)【 参考范文】NoticeDecember 24,2022Professor Smith is looking for a student to join his research program regardingcampus sports activities.The duties of the position require that the student collectsdata on campussports activities to be analyzed by the research team. This includesobserving various athletic events, speaking to student athletes, staff, and faculty,anddocumenting their experiences.In addition to data collection, thestudent will also be responsible for organizingmeetings with Professor Smith or other research team members to discuss projectprogress. The successful applicant should be highly organized, patient, and have akeen interest and knowledge in sports.If you are interested in joining thisresearch program, please contact us atemail@ to apply.Students1 Union六、大作文大作文考察了与龙舟相关的图画作文， 可以看作社会现象类， 主题是越来越多人重视传统文化。

第一段描述图画的难点在于龙舟赛相关的表达， 第二段可以分析背后原因， 也可以分析保护传统文化的好处， 第三段可以落脚到积极参与传承中华文化相关活动第 1 4 页 共 1 6 页Writing Part B【 参考范文】Unfolded in the elaborately painted cartoon is an eye-catching andthought-stimulating scene:some young men are rowing dragon boats,and a largenumber of people crowded to watch the game. An aged grandma turned to her spouseand said cheerfully: "it is wonderful that the Dragon Boat racing is gettingincreasingly lively in our village.n Apparently, what the cartoonist attempts toemphasize is the inheritance of traditional culture.There is no denying that our Chinese, in recent years, have been attaching greatimportance to the carrying of the traditional culture and bringing it to vitality.Traditions are supposed to be inherited and advocated from one generation to another.Like tangible cultural heritages such as Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangiblecultural heritages like Peking Opera and celebration of traditional festivals are equallycrucial. As a country consisting ofa great diversity of ethnic groups and withtime-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages,which connect modem people to the historical past, allowing them to acquire a第1 5页 共1 6页cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be renderedabsolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and inthe future.However, the modernization process poses mounting threats to intangibleheritages. It is also pathetic to see elderly people in possession of such legacies passaway without transmitting them to the younger generation. Confronted with thosechallenges, we should both preserve and rejuvenate our ancestral heritages sothat wecan help contribute to cultural diversity of the world.第1 6页 共1 6页。