英语四级快速阅读.pdf

Part I I Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing and Scanning) (1 5m inutes)Google Closes I n on DoubleClick DealScore one for Googie. The Federal Trade Commission ruled Dec. 20that it would not block Google's (GOOG) proposed $3.1 billionacquisition of leading online ad-serving and tracking firm DoubleClick.The 4-1 decision in Googie's favor markeda major win for the Web search Goliath, which is battling to expandits considerable share of the $30 billion online advertising marketbeyond tiny text ads related to Web queries.But Google can't claim victory yet. The European Union's antitrustcommission still needs to sign off on the merger before Google can beginincorporating DoubleClick into its business. That may not happenwithout Google agreeing to certain conditions, if at all. Already, the EUhas raised concerns about its impact on consumer privacy, "This is roundone of a two-round battle,'* says Jeff Chester, executive director of theCenter for Digital Democracy (CDD), a nonprofit public interest groupthat opposed the merger. "The Ell can kill the deal, there is no questionabout it.”The FTC said in its decision that it could only consider privacyconcerns as they relate to marketplace competition. But it did issue aseparate statement with some recommendations concerning onlinecustomer data collection and privacy.The Personal Business of Ad PlacementGoogle has faced strong opposition to its online advertisingambitions since it announced plans to acquire DoubleClick in April(BusinessW, 4/14/07 ). Competitors for online ad dollars, suchas Microsoft (MSFT), argue the merger willenable Google to effectively control the market. Ads placed besideWeb search results account for more than 40% of the dollars spentonline, and Google controls more than two-thirds of that market,according to eMarketer. Much of the remaining online ad dollars go todisplay ads, the poster-like banners--DoubleClick's forte--that run onmost Web sites.Online ads are priced based on how well they are matched to thetarget consumer. Google collects data on searches performed byindividual computers, and DoubleClick records information about thecomputers that visit the Web pages in its network. The more data theycollect, the better they can match a marketer's ad to a potentiallyinterested customer, and the higher the premium they can charge on thead.But consumer groups see the issue another way: the more datacollected, the higher the risk of violating someone's privacy. For the pasteight months, groups voiced concerns to the FTC that a combinedGoogle/DoubleClick would aggregate too much information about whatWeb surfers do online, putting consumers at risk. In the end, themajority of the commissioners decided DoubleClick does not controlenough of the display-ad market to give Google an unfair monopoly."Competition among firms in this market is vigorous and will likelyincrease,'* the commission majority wrote in a statement.Increased CompetitionRecent announcements by Googie's chief competitors support thisargument. On Dec. 19, Microsoft--one of the few to challenge Google'smerger before the FTC--announced a $500 million, five-year advertisingdeal to place ads on V iacom's (V IA) network of popular Websites,including MTV .com. Microsoft will also be able to sell ad space on V iacompages that are not in a premium position, based on the data it has aboutvisitors to V iacom's sites.Microsoft also recently solidified multiyear advertising agreementswith Facebook, the second most popular work in the U.S., afterNews Corp/s (NWS) MySpace, and well-trafficked social news site Digg(BusinessW, 9/1 9/07 ). "When Microsoft comes into a room andtalks about anticompetitive behavior and threats to privacy, no one cantake them seriously," says the CDD's Chester.It also didn't help Google opponents that many of the company'scompetitors recently struck agreements to buy ad networks themselves,similar to Google's proposed deal with DoubleClick. Microsoft boughtDoubleClick competitor a Quantive for $6 billion in May(BusinessW, 5/18/07 ), Yahoo! (YHOO) and Time Waruer5s(TWX) AOL alsoscooped up ad-serving and targeting firms earlier this year.Meanwhile, independent players, such as Specific Media, have securedmillions in funding to consolidate their operations with other smaller adnetworks (Business W, 11/1/07 ).In a statement on Google's blog, Chief Legal Officer DavidDrummond applauded the ruling: “The FTC*s decision publicly affirmswhat we and numerous independent analysts have been saying formonths, our acquisition does not threaten competition in what is arobust, innovative, and quickly evolving online advertising space."Privacy V iolation?But will it threaten Web users? The final answer may rest with theEuropean Commission. In November the commission delayed a decisionon the deal (BusinessW, 11/14/07 ), saying it was morecomplicated than many competition cases and demanded further review.The EC has until Apr. 2 to issue a ruling.Privacy advocates worry that Google, combining its wealth of searchdata with the information DoubleClick collects on who visits clients, sites,would violate consumer privacy. The sheer volume of information thatDoubleClick collects would make it easy for Google to understand nearlyeverything about what millions of individual consumers do on the Web,critics say.GOogle counters that DoubleClick clients own information about whovisits their sites and what they do there. Many of those clients wouldconsider it a violation of that agreement for Google to, say, sell car adson its Gmail service to people who have recently visited an automotivesite that uses DoubleClick. As a result, Google says, it can*t simply fuseits data with DoubleClick's customer information. However, privacygroups argue that Google could easily encourage DoubleClick clientsto relinquish their data in exchange for, say, free search ads.The FTC did offer a ray of hope for privacy advocates. Thecommissioners issued several recommendations about behavioraltargeting, where information about users' Web activity is used to tailoronline ads. The FTC said sites should clearly notify users when they'recollecting data on their actions, and that sites should limit the length oftime they store that data to reduce the risk of it falling into the wronghands.The FTC said it plans to look into whether "heightened protections',are needed to safeguard consumer privacy online.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1. Why Google can't claim victory?[A] Google doesn't agree to certain conditions.[B] The European Union needs to sign off on the merge.[C] Google has raised concerns about consumer privacy.[D] Google can't begin incorporating DoubleClick into ifs business.2. The EU has raised concerns about it's influence on[A] public interest[B] customer data collection and privacy[C] consumer privacy[D] privacy policy3. What percentage does Google master the market?[A] 4/10[B] 2/3[C] 6/10[D] 1/44. Consumer groups have the other idea about the issue, they thinkthe risk of violating someone's privacy is higher if〜〜[A] data collected becomes more[B] the market is vigorous[C] the market increases[D] the information becomes more5. With whom Microsoft solidified multiyear advertising agreements?[A] Facebook[B] V iacom[C] MySpace[D] Digg6. According to the CDD's Chester, nobody can take Microsoftseriously when _[A] it talks about competitive behavior[B] it comes into a room[C] it doesn't threat to privacy[D] it doesn*t have any opponents7. Who can be regarded as independent player?[A] Yahoo[B] Specific Media[C] DoubleClick[D] Time Warner8. In November the commission delayed a decision on the deal,saying it was more than many competition cases and demanded furtherreview.9. Google counters that DoubleClick clients own information aboutwho visits their sites and10. The FTC did offer a ray of hope forPart II Reading Com prehen si on( Skim ming and Scanning)文章精要本文介绍了谷歌公司，同时指出谷歌的主要收入来源于广告。

1. B信息明示题根据题干claim victory定位到第二段前两句But Googlecan't claim victory yet. The European Union's antitrust commission stillneeds to sign off on the merger before Google Can begin incorporatingDouble Click into its business,即：在 Google 与 Double Click 合并之前，欧盟的反托拉斯委员会需要在合并上签字放弃，故选B2. C信息明示题根据题干The EU has raised concerns about定位到第二段第四句 Already, the EU has raised concerns about its impact onconsumer privacy,即：欧盟对其对消费者隐私的影响的关注已经提高，故选C3. B信息明示题根据题干master the market定位到第一个小标题下的第三句话Ads placed beside Web search results account for more than40 % of the dollars spent online . and Google controls more thantwo—thirds of that market, according to eMarketer,即： 依照 eMarketer,Google控制那一市场的三分之二，故选B。

4. A信息明示题根据题干■ Consumer groups定位到第一个小标题下的第三段首句 But consumer groups see the issue another way： the more datacollected> the higher the risk of violating someone's privacy,即： 消费者的看法是，数据收集得愈多，侵犯隐私的危险也愈高，故选A5. A 信息明示题 根据题干 solidified multiyear advertising agreements定位到第二个小标题第二段首句 Microsoft also recently solidified multiyearadvertising agreements with Face b o ok,即：微软最近巩固了与 Face book的多年广告协议，故选A6. B信息明示题根据题干信息词the CDD's Chester定位到第二个小标题第 二 段 的 末 句“When Microsoft comes into a room and talks aboutanticompetitive behavior and threats to privacy, no one can take themseriously, "says the CDD's Chester,故选 B。

A、C 两项与原文表述相反，故排除7. B信息明示题根据题干信息词independent player定位到第二个小标题第三段末句 Meanwhile, independent players0 such as Specific Media...文中仅给出一个例子，即Specific Media,故选B8. complicatedo信息明示题根据题干定位到第三个小标题首段第三句InNovember the com mission delayed a decision on the deal, saying it wasmore complicated than many competition cases and demanded furtherreview, B |J：在11月，委员会延迟了交易的决定，因为这个决定比任何一个案例都要复杂，有待于进一步考虑，故得答案9. what they do thereo信息明示题根据题干定位到第三个小标题第三段首句Google counters that Double Clickclients own information about whovisits their sites and what they do th e re ,即：Double Click 的客户拥有的信息有谁来访问以及访问者都做了什么，故得答案。

10. privacy advocateso信息明示题根据题干定位到第三个小标题第四段首句 The FTC did offer a ray of hope for privacy advocates, BP：联邦贸易委员会确实给隐私倡导者提供了 •线希望，故得答案Part 1 1 Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing andScanning) (1 5 m inutes)Story ReaderAbout Story ReaderParents dearly hope their children learn to read well. They also hopetheir children learn to read quickly and easily, so that they're ready forthe demands put on them by school and the world.Kids want to learn how to read, but they also crave entertainment,whether ifs quiet and passive or dynamic and interactive. The aims ofthe Story Reader line of electronic books are to entertain children and tointroduce them to the process of learning how to read in a gentle andenjoyable way. In this article, well show you how Story Reader worksand if it accomplishes that goal.Story Reader is a compact, roughly 12-inch-by-12-inch plastic case(with a carrying handle ) that opens to reveal an actual book that fitssnugly into the Reader itself. Story Reader's core feature is that it"reads*1 the book aloud to a child as he follows along. The child turns thepages when prompted by the Story Reader or at his own pace.Books have both text and illustrations. The electronic book respondsto the child's wishes. The Story Reader speaks the text for the currentpage. If the child turns back a few pages, the Reader recognizes thatpage and reads it again. Kids react well to this interactivity because itinstills a sense of control over the story.There are Three Story Reader ProductsThe basic Story Reader, introduced in 2003, is as described aboveand is intended for kids three years of age and older.Each book has a small companion cartridge that slides into a port onthe case and contains the audio encoded into its memory for the story.The device has a volume control but no on/off switch--a deliberatechoice so kids can simply open it up and begin reading. It takes four AAAbatteries (or operates on household current with an optional adaptor)and retails for around $20.Find out more information about the more than 60 titles at the StoryReader website.Early in 2006, Publications International, Ltd.--Story Reader'spublisher--introduced My First Story Reader, designed for newborns tokids up to age three. As with the original, a narrator reads the storyaloud, this time from a 12-page book made from a heavier paperstockthat includes sound effects and music to enliven the experience.My First Story Reader features two play modes, one with narration,the other that asks questions about the images on each page. The childcan press any of three buttons to answer basic questions about shapesand colors. The last two pages of each My First Story Reader bookfeatures a sing-along rhyming melody. My First Story Reader retails forabout $20.Late in 2006, Publications International introduced a video versionof Story Reader called Story Reader V ideo Plus for kids up to the age ofseven. Retailing for about $35, it combines a stand-alone Story Readerwith an "Animated Story Mode" that plays through your television andincludes a '*Learning Game Mode".The Animated Story Mode works just as it sounds--when youconnect it to your television through color-coded cables, the storyappears on screen and changes as your child turns the pages. Kids get tothe Learning Game Mode by turning to the last page of the book. There,they can choose from five educational games. While it depends on thestory, generally there are pattern games, memory games, and platformgames. Similar to Nintendo games like Super Mario Brothers, in aplatform game the child uses the included controller to guide himthrough the environment and conquer obstacles.Story Reader V ideo Plus isn't a video game, technically, andPublications I nternational bills the Story Reader line more as electronicbooks than toys. This reassures many parents, and it's why Story Readeris sold in bookstores and in the book section of major retailers.What about the Educational Underpinnings of Story Reader?Studies show an alarming decline in reading rates among all agegroups in America, especially among the young.Children are bombarded on a daily basis with multiple forms ofentertainment that compete with traditional learning.Kids naturally emulate the adults in their lives, and seeing theirparents and other family members enjoy reading is a powerful motivator.Establishing and keeping a Read-At-Home Night helps families spendtime together and helps form lifelong reading habits in children.Here's how you do it:• Set aside one night a week in your household and call it"Read-At-Home Hour*'--or anything you prefer. Establish a timeallotment that worksfor your family, for example, 30 minutes or an hour.• Minimize interruptions from the TV , computer, and videogames--and turn on the telephone answering machine.• Choose one book for the entire family to read aloud together, orencourage individual family members to choose their own books to readquietly. Electronic books can work in this context, as well.• Finally, sit down, relax, and read.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1. The aims of the Story Reader line of electronic books are _[A] to entertain and teach children[B] to play with the child[C] to ease the parents* burden[D] to ease the teachers, burden2. Story Reader's key characteristic is that ―[A] it "reads'* the book which the child likes[B] it "reads" the book while the child plays[C] it "reads" the book while the child follows along[D] it "reads*' the book while the parent works3. Children _ are suitable users of the basic Story Reader.[A] up to six months old[B] up to age one[C] up to age two[D] up to age three4. The basic Story Reader for sale is about ―[A] 12 dollars[B] 20 dollars[C] 35 dollars[D] 60 dollars5. My First Story Reader is characteristic with[A] two play modes[B] three play modes[C] four play modes[D] five play modes6. Story Reader V ideo Plus is a video version of Story Readerdesigned for ―[A] newborns to kids up to age three[B] newborns to kids up to age seven[C] children up to the age of five[D] children up to the age of seven7. How many games can children choose from the Animated StoryMode?[A] four[B] five[C] six[D] seven8. If the Story Reader speaks the text for the current page, but thechild turns back a few pages, it will9. Late in 2006, we can infer that there were Story Readerproducts .10. Like Super Mario Brothers, children in a platform game use theincluded controllers toPart II Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing and Scanning)文章精要文章向读者介绍了 Story Reader( 故事小宝贝) 及其相关产品的情况。

文章最后还指出，美国儿童现阶段的阅读现状尤其需要受到关注，并对家长提出了针对性的建议1. A信息明示题根据题干中的信息词the aims of the Story Reader定位到文章第一个标题的第二段，第二句话中提到Story Reader的目的是娱乐孩子同时告诉他们如何学习阅读，故本题选A2. C信息明示题 根据题干中的信息词key characteristic和Story Reader可定位到文章第一个标题的第三段，该段中提到其主要特点是：孩 子 看 着StoryReader展示的书页时，它能够大声为孩子朗读，故本题选C3. D信息明示题根据题干中的信息词the basic Story Reader可定位到文章的第二个标题部分，该部分第一段第一句告知读者，the basic Story Reader适用于3岁及3岁以上的儿童，故本题选D4. B信息明示题根据题干中的信息词the basic Story Reader可知应定位到第二个标题，而在该部分第二段第二句就提到，这种产品定价为20美元，故本题选B5 . A信息明示题根 据 题 干 中 的 信 息 词My First Story Reader和characteristic可定位到文章第二个标题，由该部分第四段第一句可知，My FirstStory Reader的特色是它有两个播放模式，故本题选A。

6. D信息明示题根据题干中的信息词Story Reader V ideo Plus可定位到文章第二个标题，由该部分倒数第三段第一句可知，Story Reader V ideo Plus适用于7岁及以上儿童，故本题选D7. B信息明示题根据题干中的信息词the Animated Story Mode可定位到文章第二个标题， 由该部分倒数第二段第三句可知，the Animated Story Mode有5个教育性的游戏，故本题选B,8. recognizes that page and reads it again信息明示题根据题干中的信息词Story Reader M定位到文章的第一个标题，由该部分的最后一段可知，Story Reader能够识别当前书页的变化，由此可以得出答案9. three信息明示题根据题干中的信息词Story Reader products可 . 定位到文章的第三个标题，由标题可知产品数目，再往下阅读可知，2006年末是截止时间，由此可以得出答案10. guide them through the environment and conquer obstacleso信息明示题。

根据题干信息词Super Mario Brothers可定位到文章第二个标题，由该部分倒数第二段可知，儿童可以通过内置控制器来引导自己通过游戏场景并且克服障碍，由此可以得出答案Part 1 1 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)( 15 minutes)Space Our Future in Space: It Has Already Begun!We are all space travelers. But we've stayed close to home until now.One day,we may leave our “mother ship"Earth to make our home amongthe stars.A giant, spherical “spaceship”，about 8,000 miles in diameter, isspeedingthrough the solar system right now. It is cruising at anincredible 66,600 milesper hour.Ifs not a giant, Star Wars mother ship. It's spaceship Earth, thehome ofover four billion people. This water coated spaceship has beentraveling throughthe universe for about five billion years. Only within thepast 25 years, however,have some of its passengers broken free ofEarth's gravityBut 25 years from now, many people, including you,might live in an orbitingspace station 200 miles above the Earth.Space CitiesScientists have already designed special space factories. Thesefactories will take advantage of the absence of gravity (zero gravity) toproduce everything from life saving drugs to perfect ball bearings.Other scientists have designed space colonies, complete with farms,schools,and artificial day and night. Hundreds, or even thousands, ofpeople will live, work,play- even go toschool, far above the Earth.Our conquest of space, of course, has already begun. We haveexplored part of the Moon, sent robot spaceships onto the surface ofV enus and Mars, and aimed space probes past the planets of Jupiter andSaturn.Last June, one robot ship, Pioneer 1 0, left our solar system forever.Andastronauts from both the Soviet Union and the United States havelived in spacestations.The conquest of space, without question, is one of the greatestadventures human beings have ever set out on. But it may be more thana great adventure. Some scientiststhink the conquest of space may be a necessity for survival of thehuman species.We are tearing up more and more of the Earth to get rawmaterials for industry.And we are polluting the air and water as we manufacture productsthat we need or want. Almost everything that seems to make our livesmore comfortable, and fromelectricity to pesticides, uses up or alters a piece of our planefsnatural environment.Why Go into Space?Yet our solar system is full of resources. The moon is chockfull ofvaluable metals. So are the asteroids, the small, rocky, planet likebodies orbiting the sun most of them between Mars and Jupiter. Thesemetals, if we can get them, could be used to build factories and spacestations.Also, in space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun'senergy. There is plenty of solar energy to be turned into electricity formanufacturing, for creating comfortable living conditions.Getting away from Earth has other advantages, too. Modernindustry uses manykinds of metal alloys (mixtures of metal that arebetter for certain purposes thanpure metals), Yet some metal alloyseither can5t be made or are very expensive to make on Earth because ofgravity. For instance, certain metals don't mix well onEarth. But in zerogravity, molten (hot, liquid) metals mix more evenly. This is becausethere is no gravity to pull the heavier metals down, while the lighter onesfloat on top.From space, too, we can look down on the Earth and study theatmosphere, its weather, and the effects of air pollution.And because there is no strong gravity to break free from, our futurehomes away from Earth will be convenient starting points for travel todistant planets.But, while going into space might solve some problems, outer spacecan also be a dangerous place. For example, in outer space, we have toprotect ourselves from the dangers of ultraviolet light and cosmic rays.Ultraviolet light from the sun can give us bad sunburns right here onEarth. Yet, Earth's atmosphere screens out most of that harmfulradiation. Cosmic rays are tiny high energy particles from outer space.Again, the Earth shields us from most of them.At Home in Space?But in space, without special protection, we would be exposed tomuch stronger radiation from ultraviolet light and cosmic rays. Also, inthe zero gravity of outer space, our bones will lose calcium and becomeweaker. This will be more of a problem the longer people stay out inspace. Doctors are looking for a way to keep our bones from losingcalcium in outer space. And a small spaceship just might “drive youbatty” after a while. But even on a short trip in outer space, you mightnot feelas well as you'd like to. Space travel could make you seasick!Yet, these risks won't keep people from going into space. Eventually,an Earth like environment will be built in space. And they will bepopulated by people with many different interests: medicine,construction, farming, teaching, mining, and so on.The next hundred years will be filled with other worldly adventures,exciting scientific discoveries, and danger, as humans leaveEarth- perhaps forever.Aging in SpaceSuppose a space traveler is moving at a velocity of 186,200 milesper second.For every hour that passes for him, 30 hours pass on Earth. If hetravels for a year in this fashion (having accelerated instantaneously)and then turns around and comes back at this speed (having turnedaround instantaneously), he will find that while he has seemed tohimself to have traveled two years, the men on Earth would claim he hadbeen absent for 30 years.Suppose the space traveler had left at the age of 30, leaving behinda twin brother also aged 30. When he returned he would be 32, but hisstay at home twinbrother would be 60. That is why the "clock paradox", is sometimescalled the "twin paradox”.Of course it takes quite a long while to accelerate to a high speed,and a long while to make a turn and head back again, so conditionsaren't quite as clear cut as just described.1 .The giant, spherical spaceship mentioned in the passage is.[A] the outer space [B] a man made spaceship[C] the planet Earth [D ] the Star Wars mothe ship2.Some persons have traveled into outer space after conqueringwithin the past 25years.[A] the universe [B] Earth's gravityEC] the earth ED] outer space3 .We have explored or sent robot spaceships to the following spaceexcept.[A] the moon [B] V enus [C] Jupiter [D] Mars4 .Why is the conquest of space more than a great adventure?[A] Because it is full of challenges for human beings.[B] Because it may be necessary for human beings to survive.EC] Because it is the greatest adventure in human history.[D] Because it is more exciting than any other adventures.5 .The moon and the asteroids are alike with respect to their .[A] size and moving ways [B] comfortable living conditions[C] rich and valuable metals [D] solar energy6 .Why can't ultraviolet light scorch our skin on Earth as seriously asit does in space places?[A] Because the Earth's atmosphere can make ultraviolet light lessharmful.[B] Because ultraviolet can't reach the Earth at all.[C] Because the Earth is far away from those planets radiatingultraviolet light.[D] Because other space places is near from those planets radiatingultravioletlight.7.I n spite of many risks, scientists will finally build in space suitablefor humans to live.[A] an environment without ultraviolet light[B] a lot of homes[C] an Earth like environmentED] an environment with atmosphere8.The reason some metal alloys can't be made on Earth is that theheavier metals together with the lighter ones.9.In space, there is no atmosphere to filter out the sun's energy.There is plentyof solar energy to be turned into, for creating comfortable livingconditions.10.According to the author, will be caused to a man in gravity freespace.Part 1 1 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)【 全文翻译】我们都是太空游客。

但是直到如今，我们仍然离家很近总有一天，我们会离开我们的“ 母亲船” ——地球——在一些星球上安家落户现在，一个直径 大 约8,000英里的巨大球形“ 宇宙飞船” 正飞驰在太阳系中其巡航速度简直不可思议，每小时达66,600英里它不是《 星球大战》中的母亲船这样的庞然大物，而是地球这艘太空船，上面载有4 0亿人这艘由水覆盖的太空飞船一直在宇宙中遨游了大约5 0亿年然而，就在过去的2 5年里，有一些乘客摆脱了地球的重力今后2 5年，许多人，包括你，可能会生活在一个距离地球2 0 0英里的轨道空间站上空间城市科学家们已经设计出特殊的空间工厂这些工厂将充分利用无重力( 零重力状态) 来制造从挽救生命的药物到完美的滚珠轴承的任何东西其他科学家也设计出拥有农场、学校和人造昼夜的太空居民区成百上千、甚至成千上万的人将会在这些远离地球的太空居民区生活、工作和玩耍当然我们对太空的征服已经开始了我们已经登上了月球，把机器人宇宙飞船送上了金星和火星，展开了对木星和土星的空间探测去 年6月，先 锋1 0号机器人飞船飞出了太阳系，苏联和美国的宇航员也居住在了空间站毫无疑问，征服太空是人类着手进行的最伟大的历险之一， 但它远不止是一个伟大的历险。

科学家们认为，征服太空可能是人类生存的需要为了获得工业原料，我们对地球造成越来越多的坏在生产我们所需或想要的产品时， 我们污染了空气和水几乎所有一切看起来使我们的生活更舒适的东西，从电能到杀虫剂，都部分地消耗或改变了地球的自然环境为什么要进入太空？ 我们的太阳系资源丰富月球上储藏着大量的贵重金属，位于火星和木星之间的大多数小行星也如此这些小行星类似行星，围绕着太阳旋转， 体积小、 岩石多 如果我们能获得这些金属， 可以用它们来制造工厂和空间站此外，太空中没有能过滤太阳能的空气，可以把丰富的太阳能转变成电能并用于生产，从而创造舒适的生活条件远离地球还有其他一些优点现代工业使用多种金属合金（ 符合特定目的而比纯金属更好的金属混合物） ，但是受地心引力的作用，有些金属合金或者不能在地球上制造，或者价格非常昂贵例如，某些金属在地球上不能融合但是，在零重力状态下，熔 化 的 （ 热的、液态的）金属融合的更均匀，原因是没有使较重金属下沉而较轻金属上浮的重力此外，我们可以从太空中俯视地球，究大气、天气和空气污染带来的影响再者，我们未来远离地球的家不存在需要挣脱的强大重力，所以我们去遥远行星的旅游将变得很方便。

虽然进住太空可能会解决•些问题，但是外层空间也可能会是一个危险的地方例如，在外层空间中，我们必须保护自己免受紫外线和宇宙射线的危险虽然阳光中的紫外线会使我们遭受严重的日光灼伤，但是地球上的大气却可以遮挡大部分的这种有害辐射而且， 地球还可以保护我们避免遭受大部分来自外层空间的高能微粒这些宇宙射线的伤害无拘无束的太空？如果在太空中没有特殊的保护，我们会暴露在更强的紫外线和宇宙射线的辐射中同时，在零重力的外层空间，我们的骨头会因为失钙而变得更加脆弱人们在太空中待的时间越久，这个问题就越严重医生们正在研究一种方法， 以避免我们骨头中的钙在外层空间丢失 在小宇宙飞船中坐一会儿可能“ 让你抓狂” 在外层空间，即使是短暂的旅行，你也可能感觉不像想象的那样舒服，太空旅行能让你晕船! 然而，这些风险不会阻止人们进入太空人们最终将会在太空建立起跟地球一样的空间环境，其中居住着许多人，他们有不同的兴趣领域，例如医药、建筑、农业、教学和矿山等等未来的百年间将充满历险、令人兴奋的科学发明和危险，人类也将离开地球——可能永远地空间的年龄计算假设一个太空旅行者的速度是每秒186,200英里， 那么他每过1小时， 就等同于地球上的3 0小时。

如果他以这种方式（ 及时加速）旅游一年，然后以同样的速 度 （ 及时加速）转身返回，他会发现，自己看来好像旅游了两年，但地球上的人声称他已经离开了三十年假设这个太空旅行者是在3 0岁时离开地球的，当时留下了一个年龄3 0岁的李生兄弟当他年满3 2岁回来的时候，其待在家里的挛生兄弟却6 0岁了 这就是为什么“ 时钟佯谬” 有时也被称为“ 李生佯谬” 的原因 当然，要加速到一定的高速度需要相当长的一段时间， 要掉头并再次转回来也需要很长的一段时间，所以情况并不像描述的那么简单 答案解析】1 . 【 解析】［ C］属细节推断题根据题干的意思，本文中提到的巨大的球形宇宙飞船是指什么？根据本文第一个小标题下的第二段首句“A giant, spherical"spaceship", about8,000 miles…” 和第三段的首句"It's not a giant, StarWars mother ship. It's spaceship Earth...",其中的"it"指代的就是"a giant,spherical'spaceship”' ,由此可以知道C项是正确答案其他选项虽然在文中均有提及，但都不是该题的正确答案。

2 .【 解析】［ B］属细节推断题题干中的past 25 years是关键词，直接定位到第一个小标题下第三段的最后一句话"Only within the past 25 years, ...its passengers brokenfree of Earth's gravity"» 通过比较可知，该题干是对原句的改写，答案应该是B ,可以直接选择其他选项原文中都有提及，但是与该题均无关，不是正确答案3 . 【 解析】［ C］属同义转换题，注意本是一种排除性选择题分析题干，本题考查人类还没有征服或者探索过的空间；或者，根据题支中的四个备选项，可以将该题的答案定位在小标题“Space Cities”下的第三段的最后一句话，“We haveexplored part of the Moon, sentrobot spaceships onto the surface ofV enus and Mars, and aimed space probes pastthe planets of Jupiter andSaturn",可知C是正确答案其他选项文中均有提及，都是人类已经征服或者探索过的空间，不是正确答案。

4 .【 解析】［ B］属同义转换题根据题干中关键词"more than a greatadventure",可以将答案锁定在文章小标题“Space Cities”下的第五段的最后两句话，" . . . more than a greatadventure... may be a necessity for survivalof the human species",其中，第二句是对第一句的解释，而题支B正是该句的同义互换，所以答案选B项其他选项在文中均未提及5 .【 解析】［ C］属细节推断题题干中是“asteroids”关键词，答案可以锁定在文章小标题“Why Go into Space”之下的第一段的第二、三句话“The moonis chockfull of valuablemetals. So are the a s te ro id s .其so"表示后面与前句话的内容相同题干对这两句话做了综合，并进行了同义互换，经推断可知C是正确答案答案A文中没有提及，答 案B和D均与题干要求不符6 .【 解析】［ A］属同义转换题. 根据题干中关键词"ultraviolet lig h t",答案可以锁定在文章小标题“Why Go into Space”下的最后一段的倒数第三、四句话,"Ultraviolet lightfrom the sun can give us bad sunburns right here onEarth. Yet, Earth's atmospherescreens out most of that harmfulradiation”这与选项A的意思一致，所以答案选A项。

选 项B本身就是错误的，选项C和D在文中均没有提及7 .【 解析】［ C］属同义转换题题干中的“risks”是关键词，可以将答案定位在“At Homein Space”这一小节下的第二段的前两句话，“Yet, these risks won'tkeep people fromgoing into space. Eventually, an Earth like environmentwill be built in space” 题干是对这两句话的综合和同义互换， 由此可知选项C是正确答案其他选项原文均未提及8 .【 解析】do not mix w e ll根据Why Go into Space中的第二段的第三、四句话，可以得到我们所需要的答案9 .【 解析】electricity for manufacturing 根据 Why Go into Space 的第一段得出该题目答案10 .【 解析】the losing of calcium 根据 At Home in Space 第一段第四句话找出题目所需要的答案也可以写为the loss of calcium □Part 1 1 Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing and Scann ing) (1 5m inutes)The Right Amount of EnergyWe all enjoy being around people with energy. They inspire us. Theyare stimulating, fun, and uplifting. An energetic person has passion inhis voice, a bounce in his step, and a smile on his face. Energy makes aperson likable, and likability is akey ingredient in persuasive comm unications. Many businessprofessionals underestimate the energy level required to generateenthusiasm among their listeners. But electrifying speakers bring it.They have an energy that is several levels higher than the people theyare attempting to influence.Most business professionals could use an energy boost for publicspeaking situations such as Webinars, podcasts, staff meetings,conference calls, and television and radio interviews. Each of theseopportunities requires a higher level of energythan would normally be appropriate if you were just chatting tosomeone in the hallway. But how do you project the right level of vigorwithout seeming over the top? By weighing yourself on an energy scale.And on this scale, more is better.The Energy ScaleRecently I helped an executive prepare for his first majorpresentation in his new role."Tell me where your energy is right now on a scale of one to ten," Iasked. HOne being fast asleep and ten being Jim Cramer on Mad Money.You know, the guy who's yelling and gesturing wildly on his CNBC show.Where are you now?',"A three,'* the speaker replied."OK, what would it feel like to be a seven, eight or nine? Give it atry,'* I suggested.If they're being honest, most presenters place themselves at a threeto six on the energy scale. That means there is plenty of room to boostyour energy while not appearing too zany. But keep in mind, once you hita ten or higher, you could be the next YouTube (GOOG) hit--which is notnecessarily your top objective! Here are several surefire strategies toboost your energy presence.1 . Practice leaving your com fort zone.Record several minutes of your presentation as you would normallydeliver it: Play it back, preferably with someone else watching andlistening as well. Ask yourself and the observer, where am I on theenergy scale? Now try it again. This time,break out of your comfort zone. Ham it up. Raise your voice. Use biggestures. Put a big smile on your face. Get to a point where you wouldfeel slightly awkward and uncomfortable. Now watch it. Most likely yourenergy level will be far more engaging and still remain appropriate furthe situation.2 . Sm ile and have fu n.Why do most people seem to enjoy V irgin entrepreneur RichardBranson? Because the guy has fun and it shows. He always has a warm,engaging smile on his face. Of course, you can argue that it's easy towalk around with a smile when you're worth $4 billion! But seriously,smile. It won't hurt and it will make you more likable. Most businessprofessionals don't smile as much as they should during presentations.I'm helping some executives prepare for CES, the big ConsumerElectronics Show in January where they will announce new products.They get so caught up in the slides and what they*re going to say ( asthey should during preparation ), they forget that new products bring joyto their consumers. In most cases--with the exception of bad news, ofcourse--the first and last thing you say to yourself before launching intoyour presentation should be, “Have3. Get your body moving.Many people are uncomfortable using expansive hand gestures.Don't be. I spoke to David McNeill at the University of Chicago, who isknown for his research into gesture and speech. He says that clear,confident speakers use hand gestures and that the gestures leave apositive impression on listeners.He went on to say that using gestures will help you speak betterbecause for most of us it takes effort not to use gestures.Don't be afraid of using your hands.AOUs (TWX) T is one of my favorite video search engines.I use it to retrieve clips of business speakers to study their bodylanguage. Symantec*s (SYMC) John Thompson, Oracle*s (ORCL) LarryEllison, Cisco's (CSCO) John Chambers, and eBay's (EBAY) MegWhitman are excellent examples of people with confident, energeticbody language.4. Study TV and radio personalities.Stars of television and radio who score high on the likability scalehave high-energy personalities. I had a conversation with Suze Ormanover the phone a couple of years ago and remember it to this day. Herenergy comes right through the speaker. What you see on her CNBCshow is what you get behind the scenes. High energy. The other day Iwatched Food Network (SSP) star Rachael Ray sign books at a mallwhere I happened to be shopping. Sometimes critics poke fun atherMperky" personality and phrases like "yum-o,'* but the fact is she hasenergy and millions of viewers enjoy it. The networkmorning-show hostsare typically chosen for their energetic personalities. Today's Matt Laueron NBC (GE) and The EarlyShow's Julie Chen on CBS (CBS) are excellentexamples, but there are many others on morning television.Remember, maintaining an energetic presence is very difficult to dounless you're involved with something you enjoy. If you are trulypassionate about your company, product, or service, then show it.Speak with energy and vitality. Your listenerswill love you for it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

I. From the first paragraph, what is a key point in persuasivecommunication?[A] Stimulation.[B] Uplitting.[C] Fun.[D] Likability.2. Have an energy several levels higher than the people they areattempting to influence.[A] Electrifying speakers[B] Business professionals[C] Und.vnamic persons[D] Listeners3. How do people show the right level of energy without seemingover the top’?[A] By underestimating the energy level.[B] By undervaluing the energy level.[C] By estimating an energy scale.[D] By using a lower level of energy.4. The scale of the energy is[A] seven, eight or nine[B] ten or higher[C] three to six[D] one to ten5. What does the example mean in the third paragraph?[A] There is little room to boost your energy while not appeanng toozany.[B] There is a little room to boost your energy while not appearingtoo zany.[C] There is much room to boost your energy while not appearingtoo zany.[D] There is no room to boost your energy while not appearing toozany.6. Why is V irgin entrepreneur Richard Branson popular?[A] Because he has fun and it shows.[B] Because he doesn*t smile as much as he should duringpresentations.[C] Because he is very humorous.[D] Because he is famous.7. David McNeill says that confident speakers use ―[A] hand gestures[B] speech[C] smile[D] expression8. I use AOUs (TWX) to retrieve clips of businessspeakers to__________T9. Stars of television and radio who score high on the lik ability scalehave10. Maintaining an energetic presence is very difficult to dounlessPart II Reading Com prehension (Skimming and Scanning)文章精要本文介绍了保持活力的重要性， 可爱在有效交流中的作用， 以及人的能量范围。

1. D根据题干信息词persuasive communication定位到首段第五句：and likability is a key ingredient in persuasive communications..., 即：可爱是有说服力的交流的首要因素，故选D其他三项都是精力充沛的人具有的特征而非良好交流的首要因素，故排除2. A根据题干定位到首段后两句原文提到，electrifying speakers..havean energy that is several levels higher than the people they areattempting to influence,故 选A原文提至『 ‘ 许多商务专业人士(businessprofessionals)低估了需要在他们的听者(1 isteners)中产生的狂热的能量水平”，故排除B和D； C项“ 精力不够的人” 与原文叙述相反，故排除3. C根据题干定位到第二段最后两句C项中的“estimating( 估计) ” 与原文“weighing( 权衡) ” 是同一意思, 即：衡量自己的能量范围, 故选cA和B项是同一意思，均为“ 低估能量水平” ，故排除；D项“ 通过使用低一点的能量水平” 也与原文不符，故排除。

4. D根据题干信息词scale of the energy定位到小标题The Energy Scale下，由第二句话a scale of one to ten可知能量范畴为1到1 0 ,故 选D5. C作者在 The Energy Scale 下举例， 接着说That means there is plentyof room to boost your energy while not appearing too zany, 故选 CA、B和D都与原文不符，故排除6. A根据题干信息词V irgin entrepreneur Richard Branson定位到小标题 2. Smile and have fun 下的首句 Why do most people seem to enjoyV irgin entrepreneur Richard Branson? Because the guy has fun and itshows.,即：为什么大多数人喜欢Richard Branson?因为他是有趣的人并且表现了出来， 选 AB 项指的是 business professionals 而不是 Richard Branson,故排除；C项“ 幽默” 不够全面，故排除；D项“ 出名” 文章未提及，故排除。

7. A根据题干信息词David McNeill定位到小标题3. Get your bodymoving 下的 I spoke to David McNeill...He says that clear, confidentspeakers use hand gestures即：David McNeill认为自信的讲话者使用手势,故选 Ao gesture and speech 是 David McNeill 的一个研究，故排除 B8. study their body languageo 根据题干定位到小标题 3. Get your bodymovmg 下的第三段第二句话 I use it to retrieve clips of business speakersto study their body language , 由 上 一 句 话 可 知 it 指AOUs(TWX)Truveo. c o m ,即：我用美国服务网上的视频剪辑来学习商界人士的肢体语言，故得答案9. high-energy personalitieso 根据题干定位到小标题 4. Study TV andradio personalities 下的第一句话 Stars of television and radio who scorehigh on the likability scale have high-energy personalities, 即: 电视明星和广播明星之所以可爱，是因为他们在个性上都精力充沛，故得答案。

10. you5re involved with something you enjoy0 根据题干定位到小标题4 . Study TV and radio personalities 下的第二段首句 maintaining anenergetic presence is very difficult to do unless you're involved withsomething you e n jo y,即：除非你做的事情是你所享受的，否则保持精力充沛是很困难的，故得答案Part 1 1 Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing and Scanning) (1 5m inutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 1 5 minutes to go over thepassage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Forquestions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked[ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentenceswith the information given in the passage.The EarthPower and LightCompared to the rest of the universe, the Earth is very small. Ourplanet and seven others orbit the Sun, which is only one of about 200billion stars in our galaxy. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is part of theuniverse, which includes millions of othergalaxies and their stars and planets. By comparison, the Earth ismicroscopic.Compared to a person, on the other hand, the Earth is enormous. Ithas a diameter of 7,926 miles ( 12,756 kilometers) at the equator, andit has a mass of about 6 x 1 024 kilograms. The Earth orbits the Sun at aspeed of about 66,638 miles per hour (29.79 kilometers per second).Don*t dwell on those numbers too long, though; to a lot of people, theEarth is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly big. And ifs just a fraction of thesize of the Sun.From our perspective on Earth, the Sun looks very small. This isbecause it's about 93 million miles away from us. The Sun's diameter atits equator is about 100 times bigger than Earth's, and about a millionEarths could fit inside the Sun. TheSun is inconceivably, mind-bogglingly bigger.But without the Sun, the Earth could not exist. In a sense, the Earthis a giant machine, full of moving parts and complex systems. All thosesystems need power, and that power comes from the Sun.The Sun is an enormous nuclear power source--through complexreactions, it transforms hydrogen into helium, releasing light and heat.Because of these reactions, every square meter of our planet's surfacegets about 342 Watts of energy from the Sun every year. This is about1.7 〜 1 017 Watts total, or as much as 1.7 billion large power plantscould generate. You can learn about how the Sun creates energy in Howthe Sun Works.When this energy reaches the Earth, it provides power for a varietyof reactions, cycles and systems. It drives the circulation of theatmosphere and the oceans. It makes food for plants, which manypeople and animals eat. Life on Earth could not exist without the Sun,and the planet itself would not have developed without it.To a casual observer, the Sun's most visible contributions to life arelight, heat and weather.Night and DaySome of the Sun's biggest impacts on our planet are also its mostobvious. As the Earth spins on its axis, parts of the planet are in the Sunwhile others are in the shade. In other words, the Sun appears to riseand set. The parts of the world that are in daylight get warmer while theparts that are dark gradually lose the heat they absorbed during the day.You can get a sense of how much the Sun affects the Earth'stemperature by standing outside on a partly cloudy day.When the Sun is behind a cloud, you feel noticeably cooler thanwhen it isn't. The surface of our planet absorbs this heat from the Sunand emits it the same way that pavement continues to give off heat inthe summer after the Sun goes down. Ouratmosphere does the same thing-it absorbs the heat that the groundemits and sends some of it back to the Earth.The Earth*s relationship with the Sun also creates seasons. TheEarth's axis tips a little-about 23.5 degrees. One hemisphere pointstoward the Sun as the other points away. The hemisphere that pointstoward the Sun is warmer and gets more light--it's summer there, and inthe other hemisphere it's winter. This effect is less dramatic near theequator than at the poles, since the equator receives about the sameamount of sunlight all year. The poles, on the other hand, receive nosunlight at all during their winter months, which is part of the reasonwhy they*re frozen.Most people are so used to the differences between night and day(or summer and winter) that they take them for granted.But these changes in light and temperature have an enormousimpact on other systems on our planet. One is the circulation of airthrough our atmosphere. For example:The Sun shines brightly over the equator. The air gets very warmbecause the equator faces the Sun directly and because the ozone layeris thinner there.As the air warms, it begins to rise, creating a low pressure system.The higher it rises, the more the air cools. Water condenses as the aircools, creating clouds and rainfall. The air dries out as the rain falls. Theresult is warm, dry air, relatively high in our atmosphere.Because of the lower air pressure, air rushes toward the equatorfrom the north and south. As it warms, it rises, pushing the dry air aw ayto the north and the south.The dry air sinks as it cools, creating high-pressure areas anddeserts to the north and south of the equator.This is just one piece of how the Sun circulates air around theworld--ocean currents, weather patterns and other factors also play apart. But in general, air moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas,much the way that high-pressure air rushes from the mouth of aninflated balloon when you let go. Heat also generally moves from thewarmer equator to the cooler poles.I magine a warm drink sitting on your desk--the air around the drinkgets warmer as the drink gets colder. This happens on Earth on anenormous scale.The Coriolis Effect, a product of the Earth's rotation, affects thissystem as well. It causes large weather systems, like hurricanes, torotate. It helps create westward-running trade winds near the equatorand eastward-running jet streams in the northern and southernhemispheres. These wind patterns move moisture and air from oneplace to another, creating weather patterns. (The Coriolis Effect workson a large scale--it doesn't really affect the water draining from the sinklike some people suppose.)The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain.When the Sun warms air in a specific location, that air rises, creating anarea of low pressure. More air rushes in from surrounding areas to fill thevoid, creating wind. Without the Sun, there wouldn't be wind. There alsomight not be breathable air at all.Water and FireThe Sun has a huge effecfon our water. It warms the oceansaround the tropics, and its absence cools the water around the poles.Because of this, ocean currents move large amounts of warm and coldwater, drastically affecting the weather andclimate around the world. The Sun also drives the water cycle, whichmoves about 18,757 cubic miles (495,000 cubic kilometers) of watervapor through the atmosphere every year.If you've ever gotten out of a swimming pool on a hot day andrealized a few minutes later that you were dry again, you have firsthandexperience with evaporation. If you've seen water form on the side of acold drink, you've seen condensation inaction. These are primary components of the water cycle, also calledthe hydrologic cycle, which exchanges moisture between bodies of waterand land masses. The water cycle is responsible for clouds and rain aswell as our supply of drinking water.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1. How many Earths could fit inside the Sun?[A] One million.[B] 93 million.[C] Two million.[D] 100 million.2. Earth would not have developed without —[A] water[B] fertilizer[C] soil[D] the Sun3. What does our atmosphere do?[A] It absorbs the heat from the ground and sends it to the Sun.[B] It absorbs the heat from the Sun and emits it back to the Earth.[C] It absorbs the heat from the Sun and emits it the same way.[D] It absorbs the heat the ground emits and sends some of it backto the Earth.4. ― receives about the same amount of sunlight all year.[A] The poles[B] The equator[C] The north temperate zone[D] The south temperate zone5. Air rushes toward the equator from the north and south[A] because of the dry air[B] because of the cool air[C] because of the lower air pressure[D] because of the higher air pressure6. What doesn,t the Corolis Effect cause*?[A] Westward-running trade winds.[B] Hurricanes.[C] The water draining from the sink.[D] Eastward-running jet streams.7. The Sun has closely relation to create—[A] wind[B] the air[C] soil[D] fire8. The Sun has a huge effect on9. If you've seen water form on the side of a cold drink, you'veseen___________10. The water cycle is responsible for clouds, rain and___________Part II Reading Com prehension(Skim ming anti Scanning)文章精要太阳对地球上万物的生命起着不可缺少的作用，这种作用主要表现在：为地球提供能量与光；地球自转与绕日公转形成昼夜交替与四季交替. 同时出现相应的气候与天气变化；对地球上的水、海洋以及与之相关的循环起着至关重要的作用。

1. A根据题干信息词fit inside the Sun定位到第一个小标题下的第三段第三句..and about a million Earths could fit inside the Sun本题问, 多少个地球才能把一个太阳填满，根据原文表述，100万个(one million)地球才能填满一个太阳，故本题选A2. D根据题干信息词developed without定位到第一个小标题下的倒数第：二段末句 Life On Earth could not exist without the Sun, and the planetitself would not have developed without i t ,根据文章表述，如果没有太 阳，地球上的生命将不会存在，地球本身也不会发展到现在，太阳是地球存在发展的条件，题干中的Earth即指原文中的the planet its e lf,故本题选D3. D根据题干信息词our atmosphere定位到第二个小标题下的第二段末句Our atmosphere does the same thing-it absorbs the heat that the groundemits and sends some ofit back to the Earth0 本题问，大气的作用是什么？根据文章表述，地球吸收来自太阳的热量然后释放，就像夏天里太阳落山后路面还持续放热一样，大气也在做同样的事——吸收地面的热量，然后再把一部分返回到地面，故本题选D。

4. B根据题干信息词the same amount of sunlight定位到第二个小标题下的第三段倒数第二句 This effect is... at the poles, since the equatorreceives about the same amount of sunlight all ye a r,根据文章表述，赤道附近季节交替的变化不如两极那样显著， 这是因为一年当中无论何时赤道所接收的太阳光都是没有变化的，与此相反，两极地区在冬季根本接收不到一点阳光，这也是那里为什么冰冻的原因，故本题选B5. C根据题干信息词air rushes和the equator定位到第二个小标题下的第七段首句 Because of the lower air pressure, air rushes toward theequator from the north and southo根据文章表述，由于气压较低，空气从南北部涌向赤道， 在变暖的过程中上升， 把干燥的空气推向南部和北部，故本题选C6. C根据题下信息词the Coriolis日feet定位到第二个小标题下的倒数第二段，根据文章表述，科里奥利效应作为地球上循环运动的产物，也影响着该系统，它能导致大规模的天气变化，如飓风、赤道附近的向西信风、南北半球的向东高速气流，由此可以排除A、B、D三项，故本题选C。

7. A根据题干信息词the Sun和create定位到第二个小标题下的最后一段首句The Sun gets much of the credit for creating both wind and rain根据文章表述，太阳的一个重要作用是制造风和雨，has closely relation与getsmuch of the credit属同义转换，选项中没有ra in ,符合题干的只有w in d ,故本题选A8. our watero根据题干信息词a huge effect定位到第三个小标题下的第一段首句The Sun has a huge effect on our water根据文章表述，太阳对我们地球上的水(our water)发挥着巨大作用，它温暖热带地区的海洋，又降低见不到太阳的两极地区的水温，在全球气候形成方面起着重要作用9. condensation in actiorio 根据题干信息词 water form , cold drink 定位到第三个小标题下的第二段第二句1 1 you've seen water form on the side ofa cold drink, you*ve seen condensation in actiono 根据文章表述，如果你看到了冰冷的饮料旁边有•些水，事实上你看到的就是冷凝现象在发挥作用(condensation in action),这也是水循环的一个组成部分。

in action意为“ 在起作用、在运转” 10. Our supply of drinking water0 根据题干信息词 water cycle 定位到文章最后一句 The water cycle is responsible for clouds and rain as well asOur supply of drinking water根据文章表述，水循环是云的形成及降雨的根源，还有我们的饮用水(our supply of drinking water) 0Part I I Reading Com prehension ( Skim m ing and Scanning) (1 5m inutes)Does contagious yawning mean you're nice?You're in a conversation with another person and he casually yawns.As you wonder whether he's bored with the discussion, you find thatyou're yawning, too. A man walking by, sees you yawn, and pretty soonhe yawns. Ifs carried on and on, passing from one person to another ina domino effect. Science is still investigating exactly what makes usyawn, but it's a well-known and little-studied fact: Yawning is contagious.We know that much of yawning is due to suggestibility — ifsinfectious. You don't need to actually see a person yawn to involuntarilyyawn yourself; hearing someone yawn or even reading about yawningcan cause the same reaction. Chances are you'll yawn at least once whilereading this article.But contagious yawning goes beyond mere suggestibility. Recentstudies show that the phenomenon is also related to our predispositiontoward empathy--the ability to understand and connect with others1emotional states. It sounds strange, but whether or not you'resusceptible to contagious yawning may actually be related to how muchempathy you feel for others.Empathy is an important part of cognitive development. We learnfrom an early age to value ourselves based on the amount and type ofempathy our parents display, and developmental psychologists havefurred that people who weren*t shown empathy by their parents strugglelater on in life. A lack of early empathy has been shown to lead to thedevelopment of sociopathic behavior in adults.So empathy is important, sure, but how could it possibly be relatedto contagious yawning? Leave it up to psychologists at Leeds Universityin England to answer that. In their study, researchers selected 40psychology students and 40 engineering students. Each student wasmade to wait individually in a waiting room, along with an undercoverassistant who yawned 10 times in as many minutes. The students werethen administered an emotional quotient test: Students were shown 40images of eyes and asked what emotion each one displayed.The results of the test support the idea that contagious yawning islinked to empathy. The psychology students—whose future professionrequires them to focus on others—yawned contagiously an average of5.5 times in the waiting room and scored 28 out of 40 on the emotionaltest. The engineering students--who tend to focus on things likenumbers and systems—yawned an average of 1.5 times and scored 25.5out of 40 on the following test. The difference doesn't sound like much,but researchers consider it significant. Strangely, women, who aregenerally considered more emotionally attuned, didn't score any higherthan men.These findings support what neurologists found through brainimaging: Contagious yawning is associated with the same parts of thebrain that deal with empathy. These regions, the precuneus andposterior temporal gyrus, are located in the back of the brain. Andalthough the link between contagious yawning and empathy has beenestablished, explanations for the link are still being investigated.Researchers are looking into the world of development disorders andat higher.primates for answers to this riddle.Primate Yawing, Autism and Contagious Yawning Yawning may servea number of functions, and these functions might be different fordifferent animals. Humans aren't the only animals that yawn--even fishdo. But only humans and chimpanzees, our closest relative in the animalkingdom, have shown definite contagious yawning.One study, conducted in Kyoto, Japan, observed six chimps incaptivity. Chimps were shown videos of other chimps yawning, alongwith chimps that opened their mouths but did not yawn. Of the six, twochimps yawned contagiously a number of times. Even more interesting,like their human counterparts under age 5, the three chimp infantsshowed no susceptibility to contagious yawning.This may be related to the fact that empathy is taught and learned.If contagious yawning is the result of empathy, then contagious yawningwouldn't exist until the ability to empathize was learned. But what ifempathy is never developed?Another study, led by cognitive researcher Atsushi Senju, sought toanswer that question.People with autism spectrum disorder are considered to bedevelopmentally impaired emotionally. Autistics have trouble connectingwith others and find it difficult to feel empathy. Since autistics havedifficulty feeling empathy, then they shouldn't be susceptible tocontagious yawning.TO find out, Senju and his colleagues placed 48 kids aged 7 to 1 5 ina room with a television. Twenty-four of the test subjects had beendiagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, the other half werenon-autistic kids. Like the Kyoto chimp study, the test subjects wereshown short clips of people yawning as well as clips of people openingtheir mouths but not yawning.While the kids with autism had the same lack of reaction to bothkinds of clips, the non-autistic kids yawned more after the clips of peopleyawning.But there could be another interpretation to Senju's findings.Autistics tend to focus on the mouths of people with whom they interact.But contagious yawning is thought to be cued---not by movements inthe mouth area--but by changes to the area around the yawningperson's eyes. This could explain why autistics are less susceptible tocontagious yawning -perhaps they're just missing the cues.However, that notion is undermined by another study. Conducted byresearchers at Yale University, this study examined the reactions ofautistic adults while they watched emotionally charged scenes from themovie, "Who's Afraid of V irginia Woolf?'* Researchers found that thoseautistics who watched the eyes of the characters didn't register anymore emotional reaction than those who focused on the mouth. Thisindicates that contagious yawning amounts to more than just cues; theautistics who watched the eyes received little information from the cuesthey found there.It*s become pretty clear that contagious yawning is linked toempathy. But why?Perhaps the best explanation for why we yawn, aswell as why yawning is contagious, can be found around the wateringhole on the savannah tens of thousands of years ago.Some scientists believe that yawning is an involuntary response to astressful situation: When we yawn, we increase the blood flow to thebrain, thus making us more alert. Contagious yawning may be a methodof quiet communication by which our ancestors spread the word that ahungry lion was nearby. Fear is an emotion with which we can empathize,and yawning may serve as a cue by which we spread that fear.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1. Whether or not you're easily influenced by contagious yawningmay be linked to ―[A]the personality of the person you are talking to[B] how much empathy you feel for others[C] your reaction when you see someone yawning[D] the ability to avoid other's influence2. Early empathy is important for us in that —[A] parents first show their empathy to us”[B] it is related to contagious yawning[C]ifs an important part of cognitive development[D] it affects our later life a lot3. The results of the Leeds University's test show that __[A] the less a man focuses on others, the higher he scores[B] men didn't score any higher than women[C] contagious yawning and empathy are related to the same partsof the brain[D] it explained the link between contagious yawning and empathy4. Contagious yawning wouldn't exist unless ―[A] the ability of yawning is taught[B] the abilitv to emnathize is learned[C] empathy is never developed[D] vawning is controlled well5. Why autistics are less susceptible to contagious yawning?[A] Autistics have difficulty feeling empathy.[B] Autistics can't communicate with others.[C] Autistics are not able to learn yawning.[D] Autistics focus much on people's eyes.6. Another interpretation to Senju's findings is that contagiousyawning is thought to be cued by___[A] movements in the yawning person's mouth area[B] yawning person's appearance[C] changes on emotion reaction[D] changes around the yawning person's eyes7. According to the Yale University's study, why autistics aren'tsusceptible to contagious yawning?[A] They didn't register any emotional reaction.[B] They didn't understand the movie.[C] They received little information from the cues around people'seyes.[D] They didn't understand what people say just by seeingmovement of mouths.8. The reason why contagious yawning is linked to empathywas9. Some scientists believe that yawning is just to makeus10. Yawning may be considered as a cue by which people spread anemotion, and with the emotionPart I I Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing and Scanning)文章精要本文主要议论了对打哈欠会传染这一事实的原因的多种猜测。

有些科学家认为打哈欠会传染可能与移情有关，也有科学家认为打哈欠可能是对其他人的一种静态提示最终对打哈欠会传染产生的原因依然没有定论1. B 根据题干中的信息词 Whether or not you're easily influenced bycontagious yawning 定位至ij第三段末句 It sounds strange, but whether ornot you're susceptible to contagious yawning may actually be related tohow much empathvyoufeelforothers,即：你是否容易受到打哈欠的传染，与你对别人的移情程度有关，故 选B2. D根据题干信息词early empathy定位到原文第四段末句A lack of earlyempathy has been shown to lead to the development of sociopathicbehavior in adults可知，如果缺少了早期的移情长大后就会发展成反社会的行为，这就说明早期的移情很重要，因为它会影响人日后的发展，故选D。

3. C 根据题干信息词 the results of the Leeds University's test 定位到原文第五、六、七段题干问的是利兹大学的试验结果表明了什么根据第六段中The psychology students--whose future profession requires them tofocus on others —..scored 28 Out of 40 On the emotional test.... scored25. 5 Out of 40 On the following test,可 知A（ 越少关注别人的人，得分就越高） 错误；B项（ 男性得的分数没有女性高） ，根据第六段末句可排除；根据第七段第二句可知C项正确；根据第七段末句判断D项错误4. B根据题干•信息词contagious yawning wouldn't exist定位到第一个小标题下的第三段第二句"contagious yawning is the result of empathy, thencontagious yawning wouldn't exist until the ability to empathize Waslearned可知，传染性打哈欠只有当学会移情的时候才存在，故选B。

5. A 根据题干信息词 autistics 和 susceptible to contagious yawnin9 定位到第一个小标题下的第四段末句Since autistics have difficulty feelingempathy, then they shouldn't be susceptible to contagious yawnin9 司知，孤独症患者在移情方面有困难，所以他们不容易被打哈欠传染，故选A6. D 根据题干信息词 contagious yawning is thought to be cued 定位到第一个小标题下的第六段第三句But contagious yawning is thought to becued--not by movements in the mouth area----- but by changes to thearea around the yawning person,s eyes可知， 传染性打哈欠受到•定的暗示，这个暗示不是来源于嘴部的活动，而是打哈欠人的眼部的变化，故选D7. c根据题干信息词Yale University定位到文章倒数第三段末句...theautistics who watched the eyes received little information from the cuesthey found there可知，因为孤独症患者从别人的眼部看不到更多的信息和暗示,所以不容易被传染打哈欠，故选C。

8. not clear o 根据题干信息词 contagious yawning is linked to empathy和w hy定位到文章倒数第二段，该段提到打哈欠会传染的原因目前还没有定论，故得答案not clearo9. more alert 根据题干信息词some scientists定位到文章最后一段首句，由此可知一些科学家认为打哈欠是我们在紧张状态下的•种不自觉的反应当我们打哈欠时，血液流向大脑，使我们更警惕，故得答案more alert10. we can empathize 根据题丁•信息词 yawning may be considered asa cue定位到文章最后一段末句文章提到，害怕是一种我们用来移情的情绪，而打哈欠则被看作是一种暗示，我们用它来传播这种害怕的情绪，故得答案we canempathizePart 1 1 Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing and Scanning) (1 5m inutes)How to V isualize Your SuccessHave you ever heard of visualization ( 可视化) ？ Of course you have.Everybody's heard of visualization and everybody partakes in it whetherthey realize it or not. How it works though is an altogether differentmatter. I want to take a closer look today at the mechanics of whyvisualizing works without necessarily delving into concepts and theoriesthat cannot be proven.The brain has great difficulty in distinguishing between whafs trueand whafs imagined. There is an off-cited ( 经常被弓I用的)example of anexperiment conducted by Austrahan Psychologist, Alan Richardson. Hetook some basketball players and split them into 3 equal groups. Onegroup was told to practice their free throw technique twenty minutes perday. The next group was told to spend twenty minutes per dayvisualizing, but not attempting free throws, and the final group wasn'tallowed to either practice or visualize. At the end of the test period thegroup that had done nothing remained as they were, but both the othergroups showed similar degrees of improvement, The people who onlyvisualized playing basketball were able to perform almost as well as theones who had actually practiced."How can that be so?"Firstly, the people practicing would miss some shots. Each time theymissed they had in effect, practiced how to miss.The people that were visualizing would be hitting every basket sothey were building up the feelings and memory of how to be successful.Forging a Path through a MeadowImagine walking home from a new job. Ybu suddenly realize thatthere is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off your walk. Ifyou live in New York you5re going to need a great imagination for this one.The first few times you can barely see which way you had walked theprevious day. However, after 10 or 20 times you can clearly see apathway starting to form, and after 100 times all the grass is worn aw ayand there's a farmer with a shotgunand large dog waiting for you at the end. Lefs presume ourgun-toting friend is a big softie and he allows you to use that route aslong as you want. What are the odds that next time you try a slightlydifferent direction? Slim to none would be my guess.After all, you know this way works and you have a lovely easy path.On the other hand, if Farmer Giles starts taking pot shotsat you andsportingly lets the dog try and shoot you too, before releasing it to sinkits gnashers into your rear end, then you'll probably find a new wayhome once you're released fromhospital.The next time you're walking home you opt against reacquaintingyourself with Fido and spot another meadow further along the road. Thesame process then begins to take place only this time the original pathyou made has started to grow back.How We Create a Path in Our Mind That is what happens when weform thoughts in our mind. The first time we have a new thought it is aweakling（ 虚 弱 者 ）of a thought that has sand kicked in its face bystronger thoughts and beliefs. Each time you re-think it though it growsin strength as the physical pathway becomes more and morewell-defined. Not only that, but if it is a belief that contradicts one youalready hold, the older belief starts to atrophy and die.This also explains why we have the same thoughts over and overagain and why people have difficulty snapping negative loops （ 循环）ofthinking. The pathway has been established and ifs just easier tocontinue following it than trying to thinkabout something new and form a new connection in the brain.Making V isualization Work for YouV isualization is an incredibly successful and simple way of speedingup the process by fooling the unconscious into believing that you havealready done something before you have. Thafs what the basketballvisualizers were doing, fooling their own unconscious into thinking theyknow how to hit basket after basket. Of course this in and of itself will notturn you into an NBA star, you do actually have to practice as well, but itwill help you succeed more quickly.All you need to do to be successful at this is to visualize yourselfdoing something, as you would like to do it. Profound stuff, huh?Seriously though, that is all there is to it. How long you do it each day willaffect the speed of change and it's reallynot advisable visualizing your success for 20 minutes per day andthen spending 1 0 hours worrying about failing and replaying negativestuff in your head. It kind of defeats the object.You can also incorporate the "fake it till you make it" method in withyour visualization to help speed up the process.This is simply a matter of pretending you are already proficient atsomething before you really are. Again, it's simply a way of tricking yourunconscious and getting it to do what you want it to do.Some people have difficulty with this process and tell me it's beingunrealistic. Well yeh, maybe they're right, but who cares? If you want tobe shackled by the chains of realism then go ahead, knock yourself out,but let me tell you this. There are few highly successful people out therethat haven't used this method or visualization at one time or another. I nfact, successful people don't care too much for reality; it just gets in theway and slows them down. What about you?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

I. According to the passage, visualization works______[A] through delving into concepts and theories[B] without searching deeply into concepts and theories[C] in a way that could be proven[D] when playing basketball2. What were the results of the experiment conducted by AlanRichardson in the first two groups?[A] They both improved to a similar degree.[B] Group One was much worse than Group Two.[C] Group Two remained as they were.[D] The results were different in the two groups.3. How could the people who only visualized playing basketball do aswell as the ones who had actually practiced?[A] Because they are very intelligent indeed.[B] Because they build a path in the mind about how to throw.[C] Because they practiced before.[D] Beeanse they saw people who had actually practiced.4. What probably makes you want to try another different directionwhen you already have one path made?[A] You already know this way works and you have a lovely easypath.[B] There is a meadow of long grass that will cut 20 minutes off yourwalk.[C] The farmer and the dog will wait for you and start attacking you.[D] You know definitely a better way to be explored.5. According to the passage, why do people have difficulty snappingnegative loops of thinking?[A] Because trying to think about something new in the brain ismore difficult than keeping a built path.[B] Because having the passive thoughts in the brain is much easierthan having the positive thoughts.[C] Because negative thoughts grow in strength much easily.[D] Because negative thoughts form a easier connection in the brain.6. How is visualization working in the basketball visualizers1 brains?[A] By playing basketball before visualization.[B] By thinking days and nights about how to hit.[C] By fooling them that this practice will turn them into NBA stars.[D] By cheating their own unconscious into believing they know howto hit.7. According to the passage, which of the following will help you turninto an NBA star more quickly?[A] To think about NBA stars every day.[B] To watch NBA games every, day.[C] To fool your own unconscious.[D] To visualize it and practice.8. Ifs not advisable visualizing your success and in your head.9. When we combine ,'fake it till you make if and , it can help ussucceed quickly.10. is not very important for successful people, because it just getsin the way and slows them down.Part I I Reading Comprehension（ Skimming and Scanning）文章精要无论人们是否意识到，视觉化在日常生活中普遍存在，而且起着重要的作用。

本文讲述了视觉化如何运作，以及如何通过视觉化加速成功文章先通过打篮球的例子指出想象在人的思维中所起的重要作用；然后通过现实生活中找路的例子，讲述了如何在思维中建立想象的路径，以及怎样用想象来使我们达到成功的目的1. B根据题干信息词visualization和works定位到文章第一段末句, 即：视觉化并不需要专研其概念和理论也能运作，选 项B中的searching deeply into相当于原文的delving in to ,故 选B选 项A与原文相反原文中提到那些概念和理论还未被证实，所以选项c也不对工2. A根据题干■信息词experiment和Alan Richardson定位到文章第二段本题问的是“Alan Richardson试验中前两个队的结果是什么？ ” 文中提到：被要求每天想象打篮球的人与实际练习打篮球的人水平相似，故 选Ao3. B根据题干信息词visualized和actually practiced定位到文中“HowCan that be so?”问题下，即文章第四段本题问的是“ 那些仅仅想象打篮球的人是怎么做到与每天实际练习打篮球的人做的一样好呢? ” 文中提到：被要求想象打篮球的人是依靠在思维中建立感觉和记忆达到成功的，故 选B。

文中并未提及他们是否聪明、是否以前练习过打球或者看过别人练习打球，故排除A、c、Do4. C根据题干■信息词try another different direction定位到文章第六、七段本题问“ 当你已经找到了一条路时，在什么情况下会使得你想尝试换另一个不同的方向？ ” 文中提到：如果农夫用枪袭击你，并放狗咬你，一旦你从医院康复出来，你就有可能寻找一条新的路回家， 故 选C 选 项A（ 你已经知道这条路行得通而且是一条愉快且轻松的路） ，原文中提到，在这种情况下换路的可能性几乎没有，slim在这里意为“ （ 希望、可能性） 微小的，渺茫的” 选 项B（ 有一个长满长草的牧场可以缩 短20分钟步行时间） ， 这是指没有抄近路之前， 而题于是you already have onepath made的情况，所以排除5. A 根据题干信息词 difficulty snapping negative loops ofthinking 定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段本题问的是“ 日常生活中，人们为什么很难停止消极思维的恶性循环” ，该段第二句提到：由于思维已经形成，保持它比在大脑中试着想象新的事情、形成新的连接更容易，故选A。

文中并没有提到消极思维是否比积极思维更容易形成并巩固，所以其他三项均排除6. D根据题干信息词basketball visualizers定位到文章中第三个小标题下的第一段本题问的是“ 视觉化在被要求想象打篮球的人的大脑里是怎么运作的” ，该段第二句提到：想象打篮球的人是这么做的，他们将自己无意识的思想变成认为他们知道怎么打篮球的思想，故 选D文中并未提及他们在想象之前打过篮球，也没有提到他们是否日思夜想如何打球，故排除A、B该段最后一句提到仅仅是想象的话不可能把他们变成NBA球星，选项c也不对7. D根据题干信息词NBA star定位到文章第三个小标题下的第一段最后一句即：当然这不会使你成为一名NBA球星，你需要实际练习，但是它能够帮助你加速成功也就是说练习加上视觉化可能让你变成球星，故选D8. replaying negative stuff,根据题干信息词not advisable将本题答案定位于第三个小标题下第二段 该段倒数第二句讲到： 每天视觉化你的成功20分钟，然 后 花10个小时用来担心失败、脑海中反复想象负面内容，这是很不明智的因此这里需要填入 replaying negative stuffo9. visualization0根据题干信息词fake it till you make it定位到文章倒数第二段。

该段提到：You can also incorporate theufake it till you makeit"method in with your visualization to help speed up the process. EP：你也可以将“ 装下去直到成功” 的方法与视觉化结合起来，这样可以帮助你加快进程Combine 和 incorporate 同义，故本题应填 visualization10. Realityo 根据题干信息词 it just gets in the way and slows themdown定位到文章末段该段提到：In fact.successful people don't care too much for reality； it just gets in theway and slowsthem dow n.即：实际匕成功的人并没有更多地关注事实，它只会碍事儿，让他们减速，故本题应填RealityPart 1 1 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Hate Your Job? Here's How to Reshape ItOnce upon a time, if you hated your job, you either quit or bit yourlip. These days, a group of researchers is trumpeting a third option:shape your job so ifs more fruitful than futile."We often get trapped into thinking about our job as a list of thingsto do and a list of responsibilities,'1 says Amy Wrzesniewski, an associateprofessor at the Yale School of Management. *'But what if you set asidethat mind-set?" If you could adjust what you do, she says, "who wouldyou start talking to, what other tasks would you take on, and who wouldyou work with?*'To make livelihoods more lively, Wrzesniewski and her colleaguesJane Dutton and Justin Berg have developed a methodology they calljob-crafting. They're working with Fortune 500 companies, smaller firmsand business schools to change the way Americans think about work.The idea is to make all jobs--even mundane （ 平凡的）ones---moremeaningful by empowering employees to brainstorm and implementsubtle but significant workplace adjustments.Step 1: Rethink Your Job--Creatively“The default some people wake up to is dragging themselves to workand facing a list of things they have to do,” says Wrzesniewski. So in thejob-crafting process, the first step is to think about your job holistically.You first analyze how muchtime, energy and attention you devote to your various tasks. Thenyou reflect on that allocation（分 配 ） .See I0 perfect jobs for therecession--and after.Take, for example, a maintenance technician at Burfs Bees, whichmakes personal-care products. He was interested in process engineering,though that wasn't part of his job description. To alter the scope of hisday-to-day activities, the technician asked a supervisor if he could spendsome time studying an idea he had for making the firm's manufacturingprocedures more energy-efficient. His ideas proved helpful, and nowprocess engineering is part of the scope of his work.Barbara Fredrickson, author of Positivity and a professor ofpsychology at the University of North Carolina at ChapelHill, says ifs crucial for people to pay attention to their workdayemotions. "Doing so,“ she says, "will help you discover which aspects ofyour work are most life-giving-and most life-draining.'*Many of us get stuck in ruts （ 惯 例 ） . Berg, a Ph.D. student at theWharton School at the University of Pennsylvania who helped developthe job-crafting methodology, says we all benefit from periodicallyrethinking what we do. "Even in the mostconstraining jobs, people have a certain amount of wiggle room/' hesays. HSmall changes can have a real impact on life at work."Step 2: Diagram Your DayTo lay the groundwork for change, job-crafting participantsassemble diagrams detailing their workday activities. The first objectiveis to develop new insights about what you actually do at work. Then youcan dream up fresh ways to integrate what the job-crafting exercise callsyour "strengths, motives and passions'* into your daily routine. Youconvert task lists into flexible building blocks. The end result is an Hafter*'diagram that can serve as a map for specific changes.Ina Lockau-V ogel, a management consultant who participated in arecent job-crafting workshop, says the exercise helped her adjust herpriorities. "Before, 1 would spend so much time reacting to requests andfocusing on urgent tasks that I neverhad time to address the real important issues.*' As part of thejob-crafting process, she decided on a strategy for delegating andoutsourcing （ 外包）more of her administrative responsibilities.In contrast to business books that counsel, managers to influenceworkers through incentives, job-crafting focuses on what employeesthemselves can do to re-envision and adjust what they do every day.Given that according to the Bureau of LaborStatistics, it now takes the average job seeker more than six monthsto find a new position, ifs crucial to make the most of the job you've got.Step 3: Identify Job Loves and HatesBy reorienting （ 使 适 应）how you think about your job, you freeyourself up for new ideas about how to restructure your workday timeand energy. Take an IT worker who hates dealing with technologicallyincompetent callers. He might enjoyteaching more than customer service. By spending more timeinstructing colleagues--and treating help-line callers as curious studentsof tech--the disgruntled IT person can make the most of his 9-to-5position.Dutton, a professor at the University of Michigan's Ross School ofBusiness, says she has seen local auto-industry workers benefit from thejob-crafting process. *'They come in looking worn down, but afterspending two hours on this exercise, they come away thinking aboutthree or four things they can do differently.1'*'They start to recognize they have more control over their work thanthey realized," says Dutton, who parmered with Wrzesniewski on theoriginal job-crafting research.Step 4: Put Your Ideas into Action To conclude the job-craftingprocess, participants list specific follow-up steps: Many plan aone-On-one meeting with a supervisor to propose new project ideas.Others connect with colleagues to talk about trading certain tasks. Bergsays as long as their goals are met, many managers are happy to letemployees adjust how they work.Job-crafting isn't about revenue, per se, but juicing up （活 跃 ）employee engagement may end up beefing up the bottom line. Amidsalary, job and benefit cuts, more and more workers are disgruntled.Surveys show that more than 50% aren't happywith what they do. Dutton, Berg and Wrzesniewski argue thatemphasizing enjoyment can boost efficiency by lowering turnover ratesand jacking up productivity. Job-crafting won't rid you of a lousy boss ora subpar salary, but it does offer some remedies for job dissatisfaction.If you can't ditch or switch a job, at least make it more likable.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上 作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1. A long time ago when a person hated his/her job, what wouldhe/she do?[A] Resign or bear it.[B] Argue with the boss.[C] Do it well or quit.[D] Complain every day.2. What does Amy Wrzesniewski think about job?[A] Ifs a list of things to do.[B] It could be adjusted.[C] It's a list of responsibilities.[D] lt*s about talking with others.3. Whafs your first thing to do in the job-crafting process?[A] To think about your job wholly.[B] To analyze your energy and attention.[C] To analyze how much time you spend.[D] To think about what to do.4. The idea of a maintenance technician at Burfs Bees turned out tobe[A] part of his job description[B] helpful and energy-efficient[C] useless to the supervisor[D] life-draining5. Whafs Berg's suggestion about work?[A] To get stuck in ruts.[B] To pay attention to the emotions.[C] To rethink and make small changes.[D] To take the most constraining jobs.6. According to Ina Lockau-V ogel, whafs the benefit fromjob-crafting?[A] It helps her use her administrative responsibilities.[B] It helps her adjust her time to do what she wants.[C] It helps her make decisions about company strategy.[D] It helps her set priorities properly.7. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, whafs the situation injob market?[A] It is difficult to find a job.[B] It's easy to find a new position.[C] Job-crafting helps you find a job.[D] Outsourcing jobs are very hot.8. Dutton has seen that local auto-industry workers profitfrom9. According to Berg, if the job-crafting process is successful, thesupervisors are willing to let employees hat to do.10. If you can't quit your job, using job-crafting may at leastoffer for job dissatisfaction.From: 9_2.htmlPart II Reading Com prehension（ Skim m ing and Scanning）文章精要日常生活中，人们往往认为工作是一些不得不做的任务、不得不承担的责任。

以前，当人们讨厌他们的工作时，通常会辞职或掩饰不满而耶鲁大学管理学院的副 教 授Amy Wrzesniewski及 其 同 事 却 提 出 了 一 个 新 的 理 念 ：雕琢工作（ job—crafting） 文章通过举例子， 讲述了如何运用这种方法来改变人们对工作的看法，使工作更讨人喜欢1. A根据题干信息溺hated和jo b定位到文章首句：从前，如果你讨厌你的工作，要么辞职，要么掩饰自己的不满，bite one's lip意为“ 努力掩饰某人的怒火或不满” 选项A（ 辞职或忍耐） ， 选 项B（ 与老板吵架） ， 选项C（ 要么干好要么辞职） ，选项D（ 每天抱怨） ，只有选项A最合适2. B根据题于信息词Amy Wrzesniewski和jo b定位到文章第二段，即：我们经常会陷入这种思维定势，认为我们的工作就是一系列要做的事情和一系列责任， 但是， 如果你换一种心态呢？ 如果做些什么可以调整这种心态呢？ 也就是说AmyWrzesniewski认为工作是可以调整的，故选B选项A、C是人们通常的想法，不是Amy Wrzesniewski的想法，排除工作也不仅仅是跟人谈话，所以选项D也不对。

3. A根据题于信息词first和in the job-crafting process定位到第一个小标题下的首段第二句：在job-crafting的过程中，首先就是要整体考虑你的工作，故 选Ac holistically意为“ 整体地，全盘地” 原文的意思是先整体考虑，然后是具体分析时间、能量、注意力如何分配到不同的任务中，故排除B、C、Do4. B 根据题干信息词 At Burfs Bees 和 maintenance technician 定位到第一个小标题F的第二段：在Burt's Bees的一个技术人员，对程序工程感兴趣，虽然这不属于他的职责范畴，但为了改变他日常工作的范围，他争取到一些时间研究出一个点子使公司的生产过程更节能，最后，他成功r结合选项可知，本题选B,5. C根据题干信息词Berg定位到第一个小标题下最后一段Berg说道：阶段性的反思会让我们收益？ 即便是最受限制的工作也有改动的余地，一些小改变对工作状态会有实实在在的影响故本题选Cget stuck in ruts并不是Berg的建议，关注情绪是 Barbara Fredrickson 的观点，the most constraining jobs只是Berg举的一个例子，A、B、D均排除。

6. D根据题干信息词job-crafting和Ina Lockau—V ogel定位到文章第二个小标题下的第二段：Ina提到，她参加了一个job—crafting研讨会，在那的训练帮助她调整事情的优先级别，priority意为“ 优先，优先权” ，故 选D选项A（ 帮助她行使行政职责） 、选 项B（ 帮助她调整做想做之事的时间） 、选 项C（ 帮助她制定公司战略的决定） 文中均未提及，排除7. A根据题干信息词the Bureau of Labor Statistics定位到文章第二个标题下的第三段末句：根据劳动统计局的数据，现在找一个新工作平均需要6个月，最大限度去做好你现在的工作是至关重要的，由此可知本题选A文中并未提及雕琢工作能帮助人们找到新工作，故排除选项B8 . the job-crafting process 0根 据 题 干 信 息 词 Dutton 和 localauto-industry workers定位到文章第三个小标题下的第二段：Dutton说她已经看到当地汽车行业的工作者受益于job—crafting的过程，故填the job-craftingprocesso9. adjusto 根据题干信息词 the job—crafting process 和 employees 定位到文章第四个小标题下的第一段末句：Berg说，一旦他们的目标实现，许多管理者都乐意让他们的员工安排他们怎样工作，题干中的be willing to意为“ 愿意，乐意” ，与be happy to同义，故填adjust。

1 0 . some remedies o 根据题于信息词 quit, at least 和 for jobdissatisfaction定位到文章末段最后两句：job-crafting不会使你摆脱糟糕的老板或低廉的薪水，但是它可以为你对工作的不满提供补救如果你不能丢弃或换掉工作，至少可以让工作更讨人喜欢，由此可知应填some remediesPart 1 1 Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing andScanning) (1 5 m inutes)Paper--More than Meets the EyeWe are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy toforget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades ofpaper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is farmore difficult to spot the grades.It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufacturedfor a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may looksmart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made tolook good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper tomanufacture than high grade card.Paper can be made from an almost endless variety ofcellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons andgrasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word"paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance ofpaper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulkbeing wood-based.Paper from WoodIn order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down intofine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strongalkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers isproduced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying onthe bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very smallnutshell, is the essenceof paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather morecomplicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makerswill add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additionalchemicals.A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is notcellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since itholds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into themanufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignineventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. Thiswill weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper willbecome brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seenthis in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has beenestimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater thanfifty years. Not what we need for our archives.Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp duringmanufacture, the obvious question is “why is it left in the paper?'* Theanswer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of thetree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase hispaper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only35%, It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper andcard applications.It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be moreexpensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for inhis supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing ourvaluable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise.Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them tofade and is some cases simply vanish!So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that isunsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and ratherdisappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free'* mightbe true inasmuch as a test on the paper mayindicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can takeyears before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in theright conditions it will speed up enormously.Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also containother materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay,chemical Whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it wouldbe but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee thematerial that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you arestoring in, or printing on,the correct material then this is probably the only way.Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining oldshoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard thecontents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagPaper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This hasthe advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cottonand rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than woodpulp paper. You will still need topurchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper andcard can contain undesirable additives.A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest.Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper andboard.The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannotrely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safesolution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more,but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data andimages have the best home possible.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than ―[A] high grade card[B] middle grade card[C] low grade card[D] any grade card2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper,but the superiority ones are —[A] woods, cottons and grasses[B] soft wood and cotton[C] soft wood, cotton and rags[D] cottons and grasses3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product ismade from[A] strong alkalies[B] caustic soda[C] cellulose fibres[D] a pulp of cellulose fibres4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add ―[A] albescent[B] bleach[C] escharotic[D] lysozyme5. is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.[A] Acid[B] Alkali[C] Cellulose fibres[D] Liguin6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture,because ―[A] leaving the lignin will decrease his paper yield[B] leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree[C] liguin is very useful in the process[D] lignin is essential for making paper7. __ is particularly harmful to photographic materials,[A] Liguin[B] Bleach[C] Acid[D] Chemical Whiteners8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper willbe9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste canalso cost more money than wood pulp paper because10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had betterbuy archival materialsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)文章精要本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性， 通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。

1. A信息明示题 根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(highgrade card)便宜，故本题选A2. C信息明示题根据题干中的信息提示词superiority可定位到文章第三段最后一句，该句提到许多材料都适用于造纸，但最好的是软木、棉花和碎布料，故本题选Co3. D信息明示题根据题干中的信息提示词the final product可定位到文章第一个标题的第一•段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆，故本题选Do4. B信息明示题根据题干中的信息提示词in order to和white paper可定位到文章第一个标题的第一段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质，故本题选B5. D信息明示题 根据题干中的信息提示词essential for the tree和makepaper easy to break可定位到文章第一个标题的第二段， 该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎，故本题选D。

6 . B信息明示题根据题干中的信息提示词preserve lignin duringmanufacture可. 定位到文章第一个标题下的第三段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量，故本题选Bo7. C信息明示题根据题干中的信息提示词photographic materials可定位到文章第一个标题下的第四段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利，故本题选Cc8. more expensive 信息明示题 根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的第一个小标题下的第三段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可. 以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵，由此可以得出答案9. there is much less cotton and rag than treeSo 信息明示题根据题干中的信息提示词cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的第二个小标题，该部分第一段告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。

10. from specialist suppliers 信息明示题 根据题干中的信息提示词Paperfrom Ra9可定位到文章的最后一•段，该部分提出最好到专' 业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案Part I I Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing andScanning) (1 5 m inutes)Can We Replant the Planefs Rainforests?Ifs hard not to be impressed by rainfurests. Towering, aged treescalled emergants stretch almost 250 feet (76 meters) into the air,surpassing the interwoven canopy that both covers and houses morethan half of the world's species. Though rainforests contain nearly half ofall the planefs trees, they only cover about 7 percent of the surface ofthe land.Despite the importance of rainforests, deforestation practicescontinue. Though the term can apply to natural causes like forest fires,it's commonly linked to human activities, like logging, agriculture andmining--all important for our economy. But by stripping ( 剥 夺 )the landof these resources, we must accept the consequences of our actions.Chopping down rainforests increases the likelihood of soil erosion,landslides and flooding. It also decreases biodiversity and medicalresources. More than 25 percent of modern medicine is derived fromrainfurest plants, and only 1 percent of rainforest plant species havebeen studied for potential medicinal uses. Deforestation also destroysthe homelands of indigenous cultures and affects the livelihoods Ofmillions of other people, many of whom live in the world's poorestregions.I n an effort to counteract this destruction, conservation efforts areblossoming across the globe. Among these are reforestation projects,aimed at increasing the amount of living trees and physically linkingremaining forests together, to combat habitat loss and prevent speciesextinction.There arc many challenges facing these projects. Firstly, rainforestsarc full of ancient, gigantic trees; these aren't the saplings you buy atyour local nursery. Much of the action of a rainforesfs ecosystem takesplace in the lofty upper reaches,which can present problems for reforestation efforts since toweringtrees take decades to grow. Secondly, rainforest trees closely rely ontheir evolutionary playmates--the surrounding flora and fauna--tocreate the delicate conditions needed to sustain functions such asnutrient cycles and pollination.So while rainfurests provide a flourishing ( 欣欣向荣的)habitat for life,the success of that habitat relies on a fragile balance of ecological factors.Take away the trees and you have a major problem. But if the soiTsbacteria and other microorganisms 0微 生 物 ) ,which break down thenutrient-rich organic matter that tumbles to the dark forest floor, arcalso eliminated, the rainfurest is destroyed. If the insects and birds thatact as critical pollinators go extinct, life will falter.So, can we push up our sleeves, grab a shovel, dig in and just startreplanting the rainforests? To a certain extent, we can.However, while efforts at reforestation have significant value,they're usually not as crucial as preserving existing rainforests.Rainforest conservation is just as important as trying to reforestother areas.Reforestation can be accomplished by nature, by humans orthrough a combination of the two. Some reforestation efforts focus ongrowing forests quickly because these woodlands are key to many ofEarth's natural cycles, such as the carbon and water cycles. Replantingdeforested land with quick-growing exotic tree species, like eucalyptusor Australian acacia, can help solve immediate problems such as soilerosion and elevated carbon levels.However, exotic trees may make the land unsuitable for futurerainforest cultivation by changing the soiTs original characteristics.Scientists need to study individual situations to determine what type ofimpact each foreign species will make on the area's microbial life, andwhat the appropriate choices are for reforestation. On a positive note,fast-growing secondary forests and tree farms can replace primaryforests as a source for agricultural and energy needs. A primary forest isbasically one thafs undisturbed by humans and has suffered very fewecological disruptions ( ep〜I ). There are several other names for aprimary forest, such as old growth and primeval forest. A secondaryforest is one that has regrown after a destructive event, like a fire orlogging. Primary forests usually have much higher levels of biodiversitythan secondary ones, which is part of the reason conservationists aretrying to save old growth.In areas where deforestation is severe, remaining patches ofprimary forests are often located at great distances from other survivingrainforests or reforested regions. This makes animal survival andrecolonization, as well as plant cross-pollination, difficult and canimpede efforts to sustain actual rainforest ecology. Although the parcelsof vegetative land can increase the chance of some species* short-termsurvival, researchers say the species are likely doomed to extinctionover the long tema.One-way conservationists seek to protect rainforest species is toreforest the corridors of trees that lie between rainforest parcels. Thisgives plants and animals access to a larger habitat and the chance to m ixwith other populations, which can boosttheir genetic diversity and help prevent extinction through isolationfor most species. Conservationists can help cultivate these arborealarteries into supportable rainforest habitats by working to have thesecorridors widened. The wider the corridors are, the safer they becomefor migrating animals to use.Ifs also important to reforest and enlarge areas adjacent to thesesurviving parcels. This provides an easy means for species to inhabitnew territory and expand viable rainforest ecology.Researchers are exploring several options for improving and easingreforestation efforts. One inventive method involves bats. Installingman-made bat roosts in deforested areas can encourage these uniquelyflight-enabled mammals (like thespectacled flying fox) to spread seeds and begin the process ofrainforest regeneration. Activities like installing bat roosts are examplesof how people are a part of natural reforestation efforts.Reforestation efforts are sprouting up all around the world.Numerous conservation groups are working to preserve, enlarge andconnect the world's rainforests. Lefs take a closer look at some of thoseprojects.Rwanda's government and various ecological groups are payingspecial attention to the Gishwati Forest Reserve. Once a vast rainforest,activities such as deforestation and refugee resettlement reduced it to afraction of its original size around the turn of the century. Since then,reforestation has somewhat increased the size of the forest, but itremains a sliver of its original size.A project called the Rwandan National Conservation Park is gainingmomentum, and those people involved with the project are working tobring the rainforest back and connect it with larger, surviving rainforestsnearby. These individuals and organizations are looking to accomplishthis through the use of wide tree corridors. They also plan to increase theacreage of the core forest and study the ecology of the foresfs animals,particularly its chimpanzees.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。

1. According the passage, what activities destroy the rainforests?[A] All human activities,[B] Forest fires, farming and mining.[C] Logging only.[D] Soil erosion, landslides and flooding.2. Which of the following is one of the purposes of reforestationprojects?[A] To study the potential medicinal uses of trees.[B] To protect the habitat and prevent species loss.[C] To make full use of the rainforests.[D] To protect the remaining forests.3. What do rainforest trees tightly rely on? ”[A] Saplings.[B] Microorganisms.[C] Flora and fauna.[D] I nsects and birds.4. Why are the quick-growing exotic tree species replanted in thedeforested land?[A] 13ecause they can help prevent soil erosion.[B] Because they are easy to survive.[C] Because some of them are eucalyptus or Australian acacia.[D] Because they look like ancient trees very much.5. Why are conservationists trying to save primary forests?[A] Because a secondary forest must be replanted.[B] Because a fire or logging can destroy primary forests.[C] Because human activities can destroy primary forests.[D] Because they have much higher levels of biodiversity.6. What provides an easy means to inhabit new territory and expandviable rainforest ecology?[A] Making the plants and animals live in a safe habitat.[B] Migrating rainforest species by conservationists.[C] Reforesting the corridors of trees that lie between rainforestparcels.[D] Developing new species suitable to the rainforest.7. Whafs the function of installing man-made bat roosts indeforested areas?[A] To attract bats to live there.[B] To encourage bats spread seeds.[C] To attract other animals to come.[D] To increase species diversity.8. Conservation groups all around the world are workingto the world's rairiforests.9. Around the turn of the century, there was a vast rainforest inRwanda reduced its original size by10. According to a project called the Rwandan National ConservationPark, researchers also plan to study the ecology of the foresfs animalssuch asPart II Reading Comprehension（ Skimming and Scanning）文章精要生态环境问题是当下人们关注的热门话题。

文章讲述了热带雨林被破坏使得物种灭绝、生态环境恶化的现状，以及人们为了保护热带雨林所采取的各种措施1. B根据题干信息词activities和rainforests定位到第二段前两句, 即：尽管热带雨林非常重要，但是森林砍伐仍在继续虽然有些是由于自然原因导致，如森林火灾，但是它与人类的活动密切相关，如对我们的经济举足轻重的砍伐业、农业和采矿业，故选B并不是所有的人类活动都会造成破坏，仅仅是砍伐也不符合，选项A、C过于绝对，均排除土壤侵蚀、山体滑坡及洪水是热带雨林遭到破坏后的后果而不是它们导致了热带雨林遭到破坏，排 除De2. B根据题干信息词reforestation projects定位到第三段末句，即：重新造林项目的目的是增加现存树木的数量、把现留的热带雨林连接在一起，保护物种的栖息地，防止物种灭绝，故选B热带雨林植物的药用价值在第二段谈论其重要性时提到过， 但不是本题中重新造林项目的目的， 排除选项A 选项C（ 充分利用热带雨林） 也不是该项目的目的，排 除 选 项D（ 保护现存的热带雨林） 应该是conservation efforts之一，但不是本题重新造林项目的目的, 排除。

3. C根据题千信息词rainforesttrees和relyon定位到第四段末句，文章中提到：热带雨林的树木与环绕其周围的植被和动物群密切相关， 故选C 选 项B（ 微小动植物） 、D（ 昆虫和鸟类） 包含在C中，只是植被和动物群的一部分而已4. A根据题干信息词quick―growing exotic tree species定位到第七段末句，即：用生长快速的外来树种，如杉: 树或澳大利亚洋槐，来补植被任意砍伐的森林，可以帮助解决迫在眉睫的问题，如水土流失、二氧化碳升高选 项A（ 因为它们能帮助阻止水土流失） 符合原文选 项B（ 因为它们容易成活） 、D（ 因为它们看起来跟古树很像） 文中并未提及，排除选 项C（ 因为它们是校树或澳大利亚洋槐）与题目问题不符5. D根据题干信息词primary forests和trying to save定位到第八段末句，即：原始森林的生物多样性通常比次生林更高，这是自然保护者努力保护老龄林的原因之一，故选D上文谈到森林大火和一些人类活动会破坏原始森林，本段讨论了为了保护生态体系的延续性， 人们在植树造林培养次生林的同时也在竭力保护原始森林生态不受破坏。

本段的重点在于biodiversity,而不是原始森林遭到破坏人们需要保护它，故排除B、Co6. C 根据题干信息 an easy means 和 expand viable rainforest ecology定位至ij第H段末句：This provides an easy means for species to inhabitnew territory and expand viable rainforest ecology. 该句中“This”指代第十段中的 one- way, 第十段提到 one-way conservationists seek to protectrainforest species is to reforest the corridors of trees that lie betweenrainforest parcels.即：自然资源保护论者寻找到的保护物种的方法之一是将再生林与热带雨林用corridors of trees相连接，故选C0让动植物生活在安全的环境、将雨林生物迁移、研究适合雨林的新物种，文中均未提及，均排除7 . B根据题干信息词installing man. made bat roosts定位到第十二段第三句，BP：在砍伐森林的区域安装人造蝙蝠窝可以鼓励这些独特的、能飞行的哺乳动物( 如有眼睛状花纹的飞行狐) 传播种子使雨林再生，故选B。

吸引蝙蝠住在那儿的最终目的是让其传播种子， 排除A 为了吸引其他动物、 为了增加生物的多样性，并未提及，排除C、Do8 . preserve, enlarge and connect 0根据题干信息词 Conservationgroups和all around the world将本题定位到第十三段, 可知本题填preserve,enlarge and connecto9 .deforestation and refugee resettlement 根据题干信息词 Around theturn of the century和Rwanda定位到倒数第二段第二句, 即：在世纪之交，曾经有一个巨大的热带雨林，因为一些活动，如森林砍伐和难民安置，雨林面积缩小了，故填deforestation and refugee resettlemento10 . chimpanzees 根据题干信息词 the Rwandan National ConservationPark定位到文章末段，再根据the ecology of the foresfs animals定位到该段最后一句，即：他们还计划增加核心森林面积和研究森林动物的生态环境，特别是黑猩猩，故填chimpanzees。

Part HReading Com prehension (Skim m ing andScanning) (1 5 m inutes)How Exercises WorkWhen you exercise or compete in sports, you notice several thingsabout your body. Ybu breathe heavier and faster, your heart beats faster,your muscles hurt and you sweat. These are all normal responses toexercise whether you work out regularly or only once in a while orwhether you are a "weekend warrior*' or a trained athlete. When youwatch world-class athletes compete, you see the same responses, onlymagnified.The body has an incredibly complex set of processes to meet thedemands of working muscles. Every system in the body is involved. Inthis article, we will look at how your body responds to strenuousexercise-how muscles, blood circulation,breathing and body heat areaffected. You will also see how these responses can be enhanced bytraining.Your Body's Response to ExerciseAny type of exercise uses your muscles. Running, swimming,weightlifting-any sport you can imagine-uses different muscle groups togenerate motion. In running and swimming, your muscles are workingto accelerate your body and keep it moving. In weightlifiing, yourmuscles are working to move a weight. Exercise means muscle activity!As you use your muscles, they begin to make demands on the rest ofthe body. In strenuous exercise, just about every system in your bodyeither focuses its efforts on helping the muscles do their work, or it shutsdown. For example, your heart beats faster during strenuous exercise sothat it can pump more blood to the muscles, and your stomach shutsdown during strenuous exercise so that it does not waste energy that themuscles can use.When you exercise, your muscles act something like electric motors.Your muscles take in a source of energy and they use it to generate force.An electric motor uses electricity to supply its energy. Your muscles arebiochemical motors, and they use a chemical called adenosinetriphosphate ( ATP ) for their energy source. During the process of"burning'1 ATR your muscles need three things:They need oxygen, because chemical reactions require ATP andoxygen is consumed to produce ATRThey need to eliminate metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, lactic acid)that the chemical reactions generate.They need to get rid of heat. Just like an electric motor, a workingmuscle generates heat that it needs to get rid of.In order to continue exercising, your muscles must continuouslymake ATR To make this happen, your body must supply oxygen to themuscles and eliminate the waste products and heat. The more strenuousthe exercise, the greater the demands ofworking muscle. If these needs are not met, then exercise willcease--that is, you become exhausted and you won't be able to keepgoing.To meet the needs of working muscle, the body has an orchestratedresponse involving the heart, blood vessels, nervous system, lungs, liverand skin. It really is an amazing system!Exercise and ATPFor your muscles--in fact, for every cell in your body--the source ofenergy that keeps everything going is called ATP.Adenosine triphosp hate (ATP) is the biochemical way to store anduse energy.The entire reaction that turns ATP into energy is a bit complicated,but here is a good summary:Chemically, ATP is an adenine nucleotide bound to threephosphates.There is a lot of energy stored in the bond between the second andthird phosphate groups that can be used to fuel chemical reactions.When a cell needs energy, it breaks this bond to form adenosinediphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule.I n some instances, the second phosphate group can also be brokento form adenosine monophosphate (AMP).When the cell has excess energy, it stores this energy by formingATP from ADP and phosphate.ATP is required for the biochemical reactions involved in any musclecontraction. As the work of the muscle increases, more and more ATPgets consumed and must be replaced in order for the muscle to keepmoving.Because ATP is so important, the body has several different systemsto create ATR These systems work together in phases. The interestingthing is that different forms of exercise use different systems, so asprinter is getting ATP in a completely different way from a marathonrunner!ATP comes from three different biochemical systems in the muscle,in this order:〜 phosphagen system〜 glycogen-lactic acid system〜 aerobic respirationExercise and the Phosphagen SystemA m uscle cell has some amount of ATPfloating around that it can useimmediately, but not very much--only enough to last for about threeseconds. To replenish the ATP levels quickly, muscle cells contain ahigh-energy phosphate compound called creatine phosphate. Thephosphate group is removed from creatine phosphate by an enzymecalled creatine kinase, and is transferred to ADP to form ATP The cellturns ATP into ADR and the phosphagen rapidly turns the ADP back intoATRAs the muscle continues to work, the creatine phosphate levelsbegin to decrease. Together, the ATP levels and creatine phosphatelevels are called the phosphagen system. The phosphagen system cansupply the energy needs of working muscle ata high rate, but only for 8 to 1 0 seconds.Exercise and the Glycogen-Lactic Acid SystemMuscles also have big reserves of a complex carbohydrate calledglycogen. Glycogen is a chain of glucose molecules. A cell splits glycogeninto glucose. Then the cell uses anaerobic metabolism (anaerobic means"without oxygen") to make ATPand a byproduct called lactic acid from the glucose.About 12 chemical reactions take place to make ATP under thisprocess, so it supplies ATP at a slower rate than the phosphagen system.The system can still act rapidly and produce enough ATP to last about 90seconds. This system does not ,need oxygen, which is handy because ittakes the heart and lungs some time to get their act together. It is alsohandy because the rapidly contracting muscle squeezes off its own bloodvessels, depriving itself of oxygen-rich blood.There is a definite limit to anerobic respiration because of the lacticacid. The acid is what makes your muscles hurt.Lactic acid builds up in the muscle tissue and causes the fatigue andsoreness you feel in your exercising muscles.Exercise and Aerobic RespirationBy two minutes of exercise, the body responds to supply workingmuscles with oxygen. When oxygen is present, glucose can becompletely broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a processcalled aerobic respiration. The glucose can comefrom three different places:〜 remaining glycogen supplies in the muscles;〜 breakdown of the liver's glycogen into glucose, which gets toworking muscle through the bloodstream;〜 absorption of glucose from food in the intestine, which gets toworking muscle through the bloodstream.Aerobic respiration can also use fatty acids from fat reserves inmuscle and the body to produce ATP. In extreme cases (like starvation ),proteins can also be broken down into amino acids and used to make ATRAerobic respiration would usecarbohydrates first, then fats and finally proteins, if necessary.Aerobic respiration takes even more chemical reactions to produce ATPthan either of the above systems. Aerobic respiration produces ATP atthe slowest rate of the three systems, but it can continue to supply ATPfor several hours or longer, so long as the fuel supply lasts.What Happens When You ExerciseSo imagine that you start running. Here's what happens:The muscle cells burn off the ATP they have floating around in about3 seconds.The phosphagen system kicks in and supplies energy for 8 to 10seconds. This would be the major energy system used bythe muscles of a 1 00-meter sprinter or weight lifter, where rapidacceleration, short-duration exercise occurs.If exercise continues longer, then the glycogen-lactic acid systemkicks in. This would be true for short-distance exercises such as a 200-or 400-meter dash or 1 00-meter swim.Finally, if exercise continues, then aerobic respiration takes over.This would occur in endurance events such as an 800- meter dash,marathon run, rowing, cross-country skiing and distance skating.When you start to look closely at how the human body works, it istruly an amazing machine!注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8—10题在答题卡1上。

1. Your muscles are working to move a weight when you are 一[A] swimming[B] weightlifling[C] running[D] high jumping2. During the process of "burning" ATR your muscles need —[A] to eliminate heat[B] lactic acid[C] carbon dioxide[D] add energy3. When the cell has excess energy, it stores this energy by forming[A] phosphate[B] AMP[C] ADP[D] ATP4. The body has several different systems to create —because it isvery important.[A] AMP[B] ADP[C] ATP[D] phosphate molecule5. Muscle cells contain a high-energy phosphate compound called —[A] creatine kinase[B] creatine phosphate[C] phosphate group[D] enzyme6. What makes your muscles hurt?[A] Glucose.[B] ATR[C] Oxygen-rich blood.[D] Lactic acid.7. Glucose can be completelybroken down into carbon dioxide andwater when oxygen is present in the process called[A] anaerobic metabolism[B] ••burning*' ATP[C] aerobic respiration[D] phosphagen system8. When you are starving, proteins can also be broken down9. When you start running, the muscle ceils bum off the ATP theyhave floating around in10. Aerobic respiration would occur inPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)文章精要做剧烈运动时， 身体的各部分都会发生反应，包括肌肉、血液循环、呼吸及体温等。

运动就是肌肉的活动，而肌肉活动的主要能量来源是三磷酸腺苜(ATP)身体里有几个不同的制造ATP的系统，它们制造ATP的速度与持续时间各不一样，不同的运动所需要的制造系统也不同1. B根据题干信息词move a weight定位到第一个小标题下的第一段倒数第二句 In weightlifting, your muscles are working to move a weightc 题干问的是当你在做什么运动时，你的肌肉是在移动一个重量，根据原文，应当是在做举重运动时，故本题选瓦2. A根据题干信息词the process of“burning”定位到第一个小标题下的第三段最后一句：During the process of“burning”ATR your muscles needthree things...再一一把不符合的答案排除 根据文章表述， “ 燃烧”ATP的过程中，肌肉需要满足三个条件：氧气、排除代谢废物、排除热量，选项中只有排除热量一项符合，故本题选A3. D根据题干信息词excess energy定位到第二个小标题下的倒数第四段When the cell has excess energy, it stores this energy by forming ATPfrom ADPand phosphate,由此可知当细胞含有多余的能量时它会通过由ADP和磷酸根形成ATP的方式来储存这些多余的能量, 最后形成的是ATP,故本题选Do4. C根据题干信息词different systems定位到第二个小标题下的倒数第二段第一句 Because ATP is so important, the body has several differentsystems to create ATP,可知因为ATP很重要，身体里有几个不同的系统来制造ATP,题干中的“it”即指AT巳 故本题选C。

5. B根据题干信息词high-energy phosphate定位到第三个小标题下的第一段第二句 muscle cells contain a high, energy phosphate compoundcalled creatine phosphate,由此可知为了迅速重新补足ATP水平，肌肉细胞中含有一种高能量磷酸化合物，叫做磷酸肌酸(creatine phosphate),故本题选B6. D根据题干信息词make your muscles hurt定位到第四个小标题下的最后一段第二句The acid is what makes your muscles h u rt,可知无氧呼吸有一个明确的限制，这是因为无氧呼吸在产生ATP的同时，也伴随着产生乳酸，而乳酸(lactic acid)恰巧是让肌肉感到疼痛的物质，故本题选D7. C根据题干信息词carbon dioxide, oxygen定位到第五个小标题下的第一段第二句 When oxygen is present, glucose call be completely brokendown into carbon dioxide and water in a process called aerobicrespiration,由此可知两分钟的运动后，身体会向活动的肌肉供应氧气，供应到氧气时' 葡萄糖将分解为二氧化碳和水，这种变化是在被称作有氧呼吸(aerobicrespiration)的过程中发生的，故本题选C。

8. amino acidSo根据题干信息词starving, proteins定位到第五个小标题下的最后一段第二句 In extreme cases(1 ike starvation), proteins call alsobe broken down into amino acids,根据文章表述，有氧呼吸也可. 以利用源于肌肉和身体中所存脂肪的脂肪酸来生产ATP,某些极端的情况下( 比如饥饿) ，蛋白质能够分解成氨基酸并用来生产ATP,由此可以推断，在饥饿这种极端情况下，蛋白质可以分解为氨基酸(amino acids)9. about 3 secondSo 根据题干信息词 start running, bum off 定位到第六个小标题下的第一段和第二段…you start running...The muscle cells..inabout 3 seconds,根据文章表述，当你开始跑步时，肌肉细胞首先在三秒钟内(about 3 seconds)燃烧掉原本容纳在内的AT巳 在此之后若是依然持续运动，肌肉再利用其他系统消耗ATP10. endurance eventSo 根据题干信息词 aerobic respiration 定位到倒数第二段第一、 二句..aerobic respiration...would occur in endurance events,根据文章表述，如果运动持续较长时间，到最后有氧呼吸会占主要地位，这种情况会在持久运动(endurance events)中发生，比如800米赛跑、 马拉松长跑、 戈U船、越野滑雪以及长距离轮滑等。

Part I I Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing andScanning) (1 5 m inutes)Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in thepassage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in thepassage;NG (for NOT GIV EN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.EarthquakeCan Scientists Predict Killer Earthquakes?The date was November 23, 1 980. People near Naples, in southernItaly, felt the Earth roll and shake. Earthquake! Suddenly buildings cametumbling down. Cracks appeared in the earth. Within minutes, entiretowns were destroyed. Thousands of people were dead. Thousandsmore were injured.As rescuers searched through the rubble, many people must havewondered, of only the victims had known ahead of time, many livescould have been saved.Actually, an Italian scientist did predict that such a quake wouldhappen. In 1 977 Dr. M. Caputo of the Universite Degiles Studi in Romewarned that a large quake would soon strike the east of Naples.Unfortunately, he couldn*t predict the exact time and date of the quake.Dr. Caputo made his general prediction after talking with scientistsat 54 earthquake monitoring stations throughout Italy. He learned thatmany earthquakes had recently rocked different areas around Naples.But none had occurred in one particular spot east of Naples for manyyears. Dr. Caputo felt that the area was long overdue for a large quake.And it was.Earthquake Strikes in GapThe quake occurred in a region that Dr. Caputo called a seismic gap.A seismic gap is an area in an active earthquake region where noearthquake or seismic activity has been recorded in a long time. Seismicgaps are located where two large plates in the Earth have become stuck.When the plates slide past each other, they sometimes becamelocked in place. A similar thing happens when you make a running leapon a sidewalk while wearing sneakers. When you land on both feet, thesneakers grab onto rough surface. Friction tends to hold your feet backwhile the rest of your body goes forward. You may end up falling flat onyour face.In the case of plates, however, the uneven surfaces between theplates cause the plates to remain locked in place for years. Hugepressure builds up behind each plate. Periodically, a shudder, or tremor,is recorded as some of this energy is released.Finally, after about 50 years, rock in the seismic gap either suddenlybreaks or moves under the great stress. This sudden release of energysends shock waves through the rock layers above. The ground shakes,sidewalks crack, and buildings tumble. A mighty quake has struck.Gaps Used To Predict QuakesMany geologists have used what is called the seismic gap techniqueto accurately predict earthquakes. The technique was first developed bySoviet earthquake expert Dr. V . Fodotov during his studies of ancient andrecent Japanese earthquakes. Dr. Fodotov was marking the location,size, and date of all known quakes in Japan when he noticed a strikingpattern.All major earthquakes were found to occur in only a few isolatedspots in Japan. Each of these spots, he noted, experienced a majorquake only once every 50 to 60 years. Dr. Fodotov concluded that spotsthat hadn t h ad a quake in in ore th an 5 0 years w ere f ip e v fb r a quake.The Russian scientist named these locations seismic gaps.In the past several years, geologists from other countries havefound seismic gaps in other parts of the world. After making detailedstudies of past quakes in these regions, the geologists were able tomake an accurate prediction of when a quake would occur.How Do Animals Know When an Earthquake Is Coming?Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some newhelpers recently- animals.Thafs right, animals. Scientists have begun to catch on to whatfarmers have known for thousands of years. Animals often seem to knowin advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear byacting in strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awokefrom their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. Cowsbroke their halters and tried to escape. Chickens refused to enter theircoop. All of this unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in theearth, alerted Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They movedpeople away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animalbehavior predict quakes. Ifs not an easy job. First of all not every animalreacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in1977, for example, an Arabian stallion became very nervous and tried tobreak out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remainedperfectly calm. Ifs also difficult at times to tell the difference betweennormal animal restlessness and "earthquake nerves”. A zoo keeper oncecalled earthquake researchers to say that his cougar had been actingstrangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kind ofwarnings the animals receive. They know that animals sense far m oreof the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smellthings that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes inair pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth. This extra senseprobably helps animals predict quakes.A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They werepenned up in an area that was being shaken by a series of tinyearthquakes. (Several small quakes often come before or after a largeone.) Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boomcaused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to bark during asilent period. A scientist who was recording tile quakes looked at hismachine. It was acting as though there were a loud noise too. Thescientist realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. Theyalso sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both,though humans felt and heard nothing.In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs weresensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of theordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animalsmight be sensing something we so measure but do not recognize as awarning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know itis a danger signal, is a job for future scientists.1 .Since no one had predicted the precise date of the earthquakestriking east of Naples, people there suffered heavy loss in thedestruction.2 . A seismic gap is located at the junction of two interlocking plates inthe Earth, and where no seismic activity has been recorded for a longtime.3 .From the passage we learn that a regular striking pattern can befound in an active earthquake region.4 .During an earthquake in China 1 975, cows broke their halters andran away from their sheds.5 .As it is used in Paragraph 13, the word “cat” refers to a typicaldomestic cat.6 .All animals but men can notice tiny changed in air pressure,gravity, or the magnetism of Earth.7 .The dogs mentioned in Paragraph 15 had sensed both the lowbooms and the minor quakes following them.1. [Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4. [Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7 . [Y][N][NG]8 .Dr. Caputo based his prediction upon the fact that lots ofearthquakes had recently occurred in all areas around Naples butits .9 .According to the author's information, every 50 years or so, amighty earthquake will be recorded at.10 .Chinese scientists evacuated people from afterthey had noticed the strange behavior of some animals as well asphysical changes in the earth.Part I I Reading Com prehension (Skim m ing andScanning)【 全文翻译】地震科学家能预测危险的地震吗？1980年11月2 3日， 意大利南部靠近那不勒斯的居民们感觉到大地晃动和颤抖。

地震! 建筑物在突然间倒塌了，大地出现了裂缝几分钟内，整个城镇毁于一旦，成千上万的人死了，儿千万的人受伤了当救援队在瓦砾堆中搜寻救人时，许多人想知道，如果受害者事先知道要发生地震的话，许多生命是否可以得到挽救事实上，意大利的一位科学家的确预测到了地震的发生1977年 ，罗马Degiles Studi大学的博士 M. Caputo先生警告说，不久那不勒斯东部将会发生大地震不幸的是，他不能准确地预测地震发生的时间和日期Caputo博士的预测是在与遍及意大利的54所地震监测站的科学家交谈后作出的他发现，最近那不勒斯附近地区发生了多次地震但是，多年来，那不勒斯东部的有个地方一直没有发生地震他认为这个地区是在酝酿一次大地震情况的确如此地震发生在空白区Caputo博士把地震发生的区域称为地震空白区地震空白区位于长期以来没有地震或者地震活动发生的地震活跃区地震空白区位于地球两大板块的连接处当地震板块彼此滑过对方时. ，它们有时会被锁在一起当你穿着运动鞋在人行道上跳跃时，也会发生类似的情况当你双脚着地时，运动鞋会与粗糙的地面粘在一起，摩擦力会使你的脚后倾，同时你的身体却会前倾你可能最终会跌得鼻青脸肿然而，地震板块表面是不均匀的，这会使它们锁在一•起很多年。

每个板块后都积聚着巨大的压力当其中的一些能量释时，就会出现定期的震颤或者震动最后，在大约50年之后，地震空白区中的岩石或者突然崩裂或者以巨大的压力移动这种突然释放的能量会让地震波穿过岩层直达地面，于是地面震动了，人行横道断裂了，建筑物倒塌了，强大的地震发生了利用地震空白区来预测地震许多地质学家们已经使用地震空白区技术来准确地预测地震 该项技术是由苏联地震专家V . Fodotov博上在研究日本古代和近代地震时首先使用的在标注日本已发生地震的地点规模和日期时，他发现了一个明显的特点日本所有的大地震都发生在几个孤立的地区Fodotov博士指出， 这些地方仅隔5 0到6 0年就会发生一次大地震; 他还断言说，5 0年以上没有发生地震的区域是地震的“ 成熟” 区俄罗斯科学家将这些区域命名为地震空白区在过去的几年中，其他国家的地质学家在世界的其他地方也发现了地震空白区经过对这些地区以往地震的详细研究，地质学家能够精确地预测地震发生的时间动物是如何知道地震即将来临的？最近，试图预测地震的科学家们找到了 一些新的帮手——动物没错，就是动物科学家们开始了解到农民已经知道了数千年之久的情况动物通常事先知道地震即将来临，并以奇怪的方式表现出恐惧。

在 中1975年国发生地震前，冬眠的蛇过早地醒来，结果冻死在寒冷的空气中; 奶牛挣断缰绳，企图逃跑; 鸡拒绝进入鸡舍所有这些不寻常的行为以及地球自身的变化，使中国科学家充分地认识到地震即将来临他们让地震危险区的居民搬迁出来，从而挽救了成千上万人的性命要准确了解到底哪类动物的行为可以预测地震，这是科学家目前的一个任务，但这不是一件容易的事情首先不是每个动物都能对地震的危险作出反应例如，在1977年加州地震之前， 一匹阿拉伯种马变得非常紧张，试图跑出马厩; 但是，他旁边的那匹马仍然非常安静有时侯，也很难分辨出正常动物的不安和“ 地震( 造成) 的紧张” 有位动物管理员曾经对地震研究人员说， 他的美洲狮一直行为怪怪的，结果证明是其胃部不舒服弄清楚到底动物收到了什么样的警告， 这是科学家的另外一个任务 他们知道,动物的感觉比人的更敏感许多动物能看到、听到、闻到人察觉不到的东西一些动物能够感觉到气压、重力或者地球磁场的微小变化这种特别的感觉可能有助于动物预测地震发生在一群狗身卜一的事情是这方面的一个很好的例子关这群狗的地方正在发生一系列的小地震 大地震前后常会发生一些小地震) 每次地震前都能听到一声低沉的爆炸声，每次爆炸声都会引起狗的疯狂乱叫。

后来，狗在没有爆炸声一段时期也开始叫喊 一位正在记录瓦块地震的科学家注意到他的机器也好像表现出有巨大声音的样子他意识到，狗对一次巨大的声音作出了反应，它们也感觉到了随后发生的轻微地震尽管人类什么都没仃感觉到、也没有听到，这台机器却记录下了这一切在这种情况下，有一个机器监视着狗的感应然而，有许多次，尽管动物知道地震即将来临，但我们的机器却没有记录下任何异常的活动动物可能会感觉到我们所测量的情况，但没有把它看作是一种警告发现动物感应到什么，并了解他们是如何知道这是一种危险的信号，这是科学家今后的工作 答案解析】1 .【 解析】［ Y］根据第一段2 .【 解析】［ Y］根据earthquakes strikes in g a p的第一段判断3 .【 解析】［ Y］根据gaps used to predict quakes中的最后一段最后一句判断正确4 .【 解析】［ N］根据第十二段,Cows broketheir halters and tried to escape.并没有交代 ran away from their sheds05 .【 解析】［ N］这里的c a t指的是cougar。

6 .【 解析】［ N］根据第十四段最后三句话，我们可以得出，并不是所有的动物都能感受到的7 .【 解析】［ Y］参看第十五段8 .【 解析】east 根据第三段，But none had occurred in one particularspot east of Naples for many years.9 .【 解析】the seismic gap 根据第七段，Finally, after about 50 years,rock in the seismic gap either suddenly breaks or moves under the greatstress.10 .【 解析】the danger zone/the prospective quake zone 根据第十四段，They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousandsof lives.如果能写出 the prospective quake zone 也是可以的Part 1 1 Reading Com prehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Gulf Wracked By Katrina's Latest Legacy-Disease, Poisons,MoldA month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. GulfCoast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in theregion; contamination（ 污染） 。

Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil,sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites,the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （ EPA） says.The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medicalservices in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety ofNew Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home beginto go back.“I don't think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, froma public health and environmental health standpoint, “ said MiriamAschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with OxfamAmerica in the region.Much of the contamination rests in the brown , filmysediment（ 沉淀物）left behind by Katrinals polluted floodwaters.Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. colibacteria, oil and gas chemicals, and lead, as well as varying quantitiesof arsenic.The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, expertssay , because the sludge（ 淤 泥 ）is nearly impossible for returningresidents to avoid. I n New Orleans, it covers every surface that wasflooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the entire contents of floodedhomes, stores, hospitals, and schools.“When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment, ”said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who isanalyzing the sediment. "It's in their yards and houses."Old Pollution ResurfacingPlaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south ofNew Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it wastwo weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita.“Six inches up to one foot （ 15 to 30 centimeters） of sludge, ”Subra reported.Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearbybayous and bay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrina's andRita's storm surges.The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrialchemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment forthe Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in NewIberia, Louisiana.“These water bodies have received industrial wastes fordecades, H she said. HThis material has toxic chemicals, metals, andorganic petrochemicals( 石化产品) 。

Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills causedby Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spillshave occurred in southern Louisiana, totaling 7.4 million gallons (28million liters) of oil, most of which has been contained.Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaqueminessludge , said Rodney Mallett , spokesperson for the LouisianaDepartment of Environmental Quality.“The sewage treatment plants were underwater, " he explained.Between the animal waste and the human waste, you*ve got a lot ofbacteria.Protection KitsHealth and environmental agencies are advising people to avoidcontact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves,goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposureoccurs.EPA officials are directing people to its Web site to informthemselves of the contamination risks.But most people returning to the area don't have computers toget that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the NaturalResources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group.“If you [do] read the Web site, n he added, “you practically haveto have a degree in chemistry to understand it.”To better inform people of health risks, the Southern MutualHelp Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to giveevery returning resident a protective kit.Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles( 风镜) ， shoecovers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards,V olunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that nowstand at the major entrances to affected cities.The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, whichcost about $1 00 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to stateleaders in Louisiana.“The governor is really in favor of this, " Subra said. uWe justhave to determine how we're going to fund them.^^Toxic Mold BloomsIn addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of moldhave now taken hold in many flooded homes. "The mold is growingeverywhere-homes are just coated with it, “ Subra said.The problem has become so widespread that federal healthofficials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses tothe mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers morethan ten square feet (one square meter), they urged.MThose [surfaces] that can't be cleaned need to be removed, ”said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory HealthBranch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) oThe effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi,where respiratory( 呼 吸 的 )problems are among the illnesses doctorsthere are reporting.“We're seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold, " saidRichard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. "And mouthsores from the bad water/5Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zonehave contracted V ibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infectionsare caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water.They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromisedimmune systems.To date, six people have died from V ibrio infections.“People had open wound and walked through floodwater withsewage in it, “ CDC spokesperson V on Roebuck said. HAnd these folkswere having these wounds infected with V ibrio.nDisaster Response Care“This is a highly contaminated area, " said Susan Briggs, thephysician overseeing FEMA's disaster-response medical teams inLouisiana and Alabama.Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus andHepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed tosewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occurwhen people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happenwhen cleaning debris.The rudimentary（根 本 的 ）living conditions in manyKatrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick andinjured, Briggs said.“They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning,Mshe said. uThere are collapsed structures and stray animals. There arehuge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten.”Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating manycases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses.All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters,according to the CDC. But it's too soon to know if these ailments arerelated to contamination, the CDC's Roebuck said.“We're looking at that question, “ he said. "We'd like to know theanswer.M1. The passage gives a description of the contamination in NewOrleans after Hurricane Katrina.2. Katrina left New Orleans and other comm unities tainted withoil and sewage.3. Plaquemines Parish is now covered with even more toxicsediment that it was two weeks ago.4. People are being advised to avoid contact with the sludge byhealth and environmental agencies.5. The Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America aredeveloping a program to sell every returning resident a protective kit.6. The conditions in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina isspecial.7. In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of moldhave now taken hold in many flooded homes, and it is growingeverywhere.8. To date, six people have died f r om- . .9. The rudimentary living conditions in many Katrina-struckareas make it more likely that people will get________ .10. All of these conditions are to be expected af t er.Part 1 1 Reading Com prehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. Y通读全文后， 即可发现本文描写了新奥尔良被“ 卡特利娜” 飓风袭击后的景象，可知题干表述正确。

2. N通读全文可知，开头几段( 即小标题上的段落) 都是总体讲新奥尔良受灾后的景象本题题干信息讲了“ 卡特利娜” 飓风带来的污染，属于此部分内容，定位后在第二段首句发现，飓风带来的污染不仅有石油、污水，还有有毒废弃物滤山的有害物质，题干信息不完整3. Y根据题干中的信息词Plaquemines Parish定位原文， 在小标题OldPollution Resurfacing下首段可找到答案，可知题干表述正确4. Y题干内容提到“ 不要接触污泥” ，是讲自我保护的，推知答案在标题Protection Kits 下 再根据题干中的信息词 health and environmentalagencies定位，在首段首句可找到答案，可知题干表述正确5. N题干中的protective k it提示答案在Protection Kits下根据题干中的信息词 The Southern Mutual Help Association 和 Oxfam America 定位原文在第五段找到答案，原文用的give而非题干中的s e ll,可知题干表述错误6. NG扫读文章可知，本文主要谈到受灾地区污染状况，并未提及新奥尔良地区的状况比较特殊。

7. Y根据题干中的信息词blooms of mold可知，此答案在标题ToxicMold Blooms下，再用sprawling blooms of mold定位原文，在首段找到答案，可知题干表述正确8. V ibrio infectionSo由题干的died from可知填空处可能要填某种真菌，因而推知答案在Toxic Mode Blooms下在倒数第二段可找到答案9. sick and injuredo题干讲到受灾区的基本生活条件，已不涉及mold的内容， 估计答案在Disaster Response Care下 , 用Katrina-struck定位原文,答案在第三段10. natural disasterso最后一题一般涉及最后一个标题下的内容根据题干中的信息词All of these conditions定位原文，在倒数第二段首句可找到答案Protect Ybur Privacy When Job-hunting OnlineIdentity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all typesof crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person'spersonal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically foreconomic gain.The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add upfast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimatesthat as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft everyyear. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to reportthe crime even if they know they have been victimized.Identity theft is "an absolute epidemic,n states Robert Ellis Smith, arespected author and advocate of privacy. "It's certainly picked up in thelast four or five years. Ifs worldwide. It affects everybody, and there'svery little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can't detect ituntil it's probably too late.”Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot begiven to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially yoursocial security number, your bank account or credit card number, yourtelephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, canbe used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at yourexpense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many peoplehave reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of theirbank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over theiridentities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes whileusing the victims5 names. In many cases, a victim's losses may includednot only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additionalfinancial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in thecommunity and correcting erroneous information for which the criminalis responsible.According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraudcommitted on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselveswhile continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to asuccessful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here aresome tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the I nternet.1. Check for a privacy policy.If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure thejob search site your are considering has a privacy policy, likeCareerB. The policy should spell out how your information willbe used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want tothink twice about posting your resume on a site that automaticallyshares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up tounwanted calls from solicitors （ 推销员） .When reviewing the site's privacy policy, youll be able to delete yourresume just as easily as you posted it. You won't necessarily want yourresume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job.Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, themore exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.2. Take advantage of site features.Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Beforeposting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective andthe level of risk you are willing to assume.CareerB, for example, offers three levels of privacy fromwhich job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This optiongives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to thebroadest employer audience possible.The second is anonymous （ 匿名的）posting. This allows job seekersthe same visibility as those in the standard posting category without anyof their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish toremain anonymous but want to share some other information maychoose which pieces of contact information to display.The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post aresume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allowsjob seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear onCareerB without retyping their information.3. Safeguard your identity.Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safewhile using the Internet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities.Replace your name on your resume with a generic （ 泛指的）identifier,such as Hlntranet Developer Candidate,M or **Experienced MarketingRepresentative.nYou should also consider eliminating the name and location of yourcurrent employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficultto determine who you are once the name of your company is provided.Use a general description of the company such as “Major automanufacturer,n or

1. Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect andone can hardly do anything to prevent it.2. In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims1immediate financial losses but costs them a lot to restore theirreputation.3. Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhatoverestimated.4. It is important that your resume not stay online longer than isnecessary.5. Of the three options offered by in Suggestion 2,the third one is apparently most strongly recommended.CareerB6. Employers require applicants to submit very personal informationon background checks.7. Applicants are advised to use generic names for themselves andtheir current employers when seeking employment online.8. Using a special email address in the job search can help preventyour from receiving________ .9. To protect your references, you should not post online their10. According to the passage, identity theft is committed typicallyfor.参考答案：1. Y 2. Y 3. N. 4. Y 5. NG 6. N 7. Y8. unwelcome emails9. names and contact information10. economic gainUniversities Branch OutAs never before in their long history, universities have becomeinstruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace.They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economiesforward, and the primary means of educating the talent required toobtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, theopening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, informationand especially people has made universities a powerful force for globalintegration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the worldeconomy, universities have become more self-consciously global:seeking students from around the world who represent the entire rangeof cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to preparethem for global careers, offering courses of study that address thechallenges of an interconnected world and collaborative（ 合作的）researchprograms to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweepingthan the movement across borders. Over the past three decades thenumber of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grownat an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flowfrom developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverseflow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Todayforeign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in theUnited States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And thenumber crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to8 percent of the undergraduates at America's best institutions and 10percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering areforeign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the topresearch universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some oftheir undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, takingcourses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across thecontinent. And in the United States, institutions are helping placestudents in the summer internships（ 实习）abroad to prepare them forglobal careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering everyundergraduate at least one international study or internshipopportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. Onenew trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to anothercountry. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical I nstituteinvestigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics ofhuman disease at Shanghai's Fudan University, in collaboration withfaculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meterlaboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visitregularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from bothcampuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu's Yale lab ismore productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research inChina, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty geton-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States hasconsistently led the world in the commercialization of major newtechnologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit ofthe 1960s to the Internet infrastructure( 基 础 设 施 )and applicationssoftware of the 1 990s. The link between university-based science andindustrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible:Silicon V alley was intentionally created by Stanford University, andRoute 1 28 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MITand Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copyingof this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, whereMicrosoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnologycompanies have set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitantabout sustaining the research- university model. Most politiciansrecognize the link between investment in science and national economicstrength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. Thebudget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support forthe physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflationduring that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome,but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases inscience funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on theorder of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficulty recognizing thatadmitting more foreign students can greatly promote the nationalinterest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation,public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study iswell below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number offoreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and acorresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K.Objections from American university and business leaders led toimprovements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but theUnited States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to internationalstudents.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to thenation's well-being through their scientific research, but many fear thatforeign students threaten American competitiveness by taking theirknowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcomingforeign students to the United States has two important positive effects:first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrantsthroughout history- strengthen the nation; and second, foreignstudents who study in the United States become ambassadors for manyof its most cherished ( 珍视)values when they return home. Or at leastthey understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instrumentsof foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability aswelcoming international university students.1. From the first paragraph we know that present-dayuniversities have bec ome.A) more popularized than ever before B) in-service trainingorganizationsC) a powerful force for global integration D) more and moreresearch-oriented2. Over the past three decades, the enrollment of overseasstudents has i n c r e a s e d .A) at an annual rate of 8 percent B) at an annual rate of 3.9percentC) by 800,000 D) by 2.5 million3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professorsin science and engineering are foreign-born?A)38% B)10% C)30% D)20%4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates forglobal careers?A)They give them chances for international study or internship.B)They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.C)They offer them various courses in international politics.D)They organize a series of seminars on world economy.5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities1globalization is.A)Yale's establishing branch campuses throughout the worldB)Yale's student exchange program with European institutionsC)Yale's helping Chinese universities to launch research projectsD)Yale's collaboration with Fudan University on geneticresearch.6. What do we learn about Silicon V alley from the passage?A)It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.B)lt was intentionally created by Stanford University.C)lt is where the I nternet infrastructure was built up.D)lt houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?A)It has increased by 3 percent. B)lt doubled between 1998 and2003.C)lt has been unsteady for years. D)lt has been more thansufficient.8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students inthe U.S. after September 11 was caused b y________ .9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may bethreatened by foreign students who will.10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S.in that the very best of them will stay and.参考答案：1 .C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C8. changes in the visa process 9. take their knowledge andskills back home10. strengthen the nationIdentity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all typesof crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person'spersonal data in some way that involves fraud or deception, typically foreconomic gain.The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add upfast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimatesthat as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft everyyear. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to reportthe crime even if they know they have been victimized.Identity theft is “an absolute epidemic,n states Robert Ellis Smith, arespected author and advocate of privacy. ulfs certainly picked up in thelast four or five years. Ifs worldwide. It affects everybody, and there'svery little you can do to prevent it and, worst of all, you can't detect ituntil it's probably too late/5Unlike your fingerprints, which are unique to you and cannot begiven to someone else for their use, you personal data, especially yoursocial security number, your bank account or credit card number, yourProtect Your Privacy When Job-hunting Onlinetelephone calling card number, and other valuable identifying data, canbe used, if they fall into the wrong hands, to personally profit at your CareerB. The policy should spell out how your information willexpense. In the United States and Canada, for example, many peoplehave reported that unauthorized persons have taken funds out of theirbank or financial accounts, or, in the worst cases, taken over theiridentities altogether, running up vast debts and committing crimes whileusing the victims* names. I n many cases, a victim's losses may includednot only out-of-pocket financial losses, but substantial additionalfinancial costs associated with trying to restore his reputation in thecommunity and correcting erroneous information for which the criminalis responsible.According to the FBI, identity theft is the number one fraudcommitted on the Internet. So how do job seekers protect themselveswhile continuing to circulate their resumes online? The key to asuccessful online job search is learning to manager the risks. Here aresome tips for staying safe while conducting a job search on the I nternet.1. Check for a privacy policy.If you are considering posting your resume online, make sure thejob search site your are considering has a privacy policy, likebe used, stored and whether or not it will be shared. You may want tothink twice about posting your resume on a site that automaticallyshares your information with others. You could be opening yourself up tounwanted calls from solicitors （ 推销员） .When reviewing the site's privacy policy, youll be able to delete yourresume just as easily as you posted it. You won*t necessarily want yourresume to remain out there on the Internet once you land a job.Remember, the longer your resume remains posted on a job board, themore exposure, both positive and not-so-positive, it will receive.2. Take advantage of site features.Lawful job search sites offer levels of privacy protection. Beforeposting your resume, carefully consider your job search objective andthe level of risk you are willing to assume.CareerB, for example, offers three levels of privacy fromwhich job seekers can choose. The first is standard posting. This optiongives job seekers who post their resumes the most visibility to thebroadest employer audience possible.The second is anonymous （ 匿名的）posting. This allows job seekersthe same visibility as those in the standard posting category without anyof their contact information being displayed. Job seekers who wish toremain anonymous but want to share some other information maychoose which pieces of contact information to display.The third is private posting. This option allows a job seeker to post aresume without having it searched by employers. Private posting allowsjob seekers to quickly and easily apply for jobs that appear onCareerB without retyping their information.3. Safeguard your identity.Career experts say that one of the ways job seekers can stay safewhile using the I nternet to search out jobs is to conceal their identities.Replace your name on your resume with a generic （ 泛指的）identifier,such as ul ntranet Developer Candidate/* or HExperienced MarketingRepresentative/*You should also consider eliminating the name and location of yourcurrent employer. Depending on your title, it may not be all that difficultUse a general description of the company such as "Major automanufacturer,n or ulnternational packaged goods supplier.MIf your job title is unique, consider using the generic equivalentinstead of the exact title assigned by your employer.4. Establish and email address for your search.Another way to protect your privacy while seeking employmentonline is to open up an email account specifically for your online jobsearch. This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someoneyou don't know gets hold of your email address and shares it withothers.Using an email address specifically for you job search also eliminatesthe possibility that you will receive unwelcome emails in your primarymailbox. When naming your new email address, be sure that it doesn*tcontain references to your name or other information that will give awayyour identity. The best solution is an email address that is relevant to thejob you are seeking such as Salesmgr2004@.to determine who you are once the name of your company is provided.5. Protect your reference.If your resume contains a section with the names and contact3. Identity theft is a minor offence and its harm has been somewhatinformation of your references, take it out. There's no sense insafeguarding your information while sharing private contact informationof your references.6. Keep confidential （ 机密的）information confidential.Do not, under any circumstances, share your social security, driver'slicense, and bank account numbers or other personal information, suchas race or eye color. Honest employers do not need this information withan initial application. Don't provide this even if they say they need it inorder to conduct a background check. This is one of the oldest tricks inthe book - don't fall for it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. Robert Ellis Smith believes identity theft is difficult to detect andone can hardly do anything to prevent it.2. In many cases, identity theft not only causes the victims5immediate financial losses but costs them a lot to restore theiroverestimated.4. It is important that your resume not stay online longer than isnecessary.5. Of the three options offered by in Suggestion 2,the third one is apparently most strongly recommended.CareerB6. Employers require applicants to submit very personal informationon background checks.7. Applicants are advised to use generic names for themselves andtheir current employers when seeking employment online.8. Using a special email address in the job search can help preventyour from r e c e i v i n g .9. To protect your references, you should not post online their10. According to the passage, identity theft is committed typicallyreputation.for参考答案:1. Y 2, Y 3. N. 4. Y, 5. NG 6. N 7. Y8. unwelcome emails9. names and contact information10. economic gainMedia Selection for Advertisem entsAfter determining the target audience for a product or service,advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for theadvertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used inadvertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising:television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home. Internet, anddirect mail.TelevisionTelevision is an attractive medium for advertising because it deliversmass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three outof four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be aMillionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicatewith a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example,they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Televisionprovides an ideal vehicle for this type of com munication.But television isan expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcastingmeans that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrowsegment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance, is watched bypeople who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by thoseinterested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences aresmaller and more homogeneous（ 具有共同特点的）than they have been inthe past. Second, there is an increase in the number of televisionchannels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has alsoresulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to whichaudiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audiencemembers more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth,control over programming is being passed from the networks to localcable operators and satellite programmers.NewspaperAfter television, the medium attracting the next largest annual adrevenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a nationalaudience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually, ii m increasedits national circulation （ 发 彳 了 量 ）by 40% and is now available for homedelivery in ion ciues. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertisingmedium.Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than televisionand provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer, moredetailed message to their audience than they can through 48 hours,meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the massageout.Newspapers are ofen the most important form of news for a localcommunity, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local reader.RadioAdvertising on radio continues to grow Radio is often used inconjunction with outdoor bill-boards （ 广告牌）and the Internet to reacheven more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radiobecause it is a less expensive medium than television, which meansadvertisers can afford to repeal their ads often. Internet companies arealso turning 1 0 radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers tocommunicate with audience members at all times of the day.Consumerslisten to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home,and in the evening hours.Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio- will force radioadvertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allowlisteners to tune in stations that are more distant than thelocal stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio willincreasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart.MagazinesNewsweeklies, women's titles, and business magazines have allseen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market,magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow marketthat they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network televisionattracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences aremore homogeneous, if you read sports illustrated, for example, youhave much in common with the magazine's other readers. Advertiserssee magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.Advertiser using the print media-magazines and newspapers-willneed to adapt to two main changes. First, the internet will bring largeraudiences to local newspapers, these second. Advertisers will have tounderstand how to use an increasing number of magazines for theirtarget audiences. Although some magazines will maintain nationalaudiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narroweraudiences.Out-of-hom e advertisingout-of-home advertising, also called place-based advertising, hasbecome an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who aremore active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at homeand watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters foradvertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers.More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which alsomakes out-of-home advertising effective, technology has changed thenature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium thanin the past.Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers morevariety in the types of messages they create because they, can changetheir messages more quickly.InternetAs consumers become more comfortable with online shopping,advertisers will seek to reach this market As consumers get more of theirnews and information from the Internet, the ability of television andradio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge toI nternet advertisers Is to create ads that audience members remember.I nternet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations'advertising in the near ftuture. Internet audiences tend to be quitehomogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methodsto reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasivestrategies to the online medium as well.Direct m ailA final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings toconsumers to communicate a client's message Direct mail includesnewsletters. postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is aneffective way to build relationships with consumers.For manybusinesses.direct mail is the most effective from of advertising.1. Television is an attractive advertising medium inthat.A) it has large audiences B) it appeals to housewivesC) it helps build up a company's reputation D) it is affordable tomost advertisers2. With the increase in the number of TV c h a n n e l s .A) the cost of TV advertising has decreasedB) the number of TV viewers has increasedC) advertisers* interest in other media has decreasedD) the number of TV ads people can see has increased3.Compared with television, newspapers as an advertisingmedi um.A) earn a larger annual ad revenue B) convey more detailedmessagesC) use more production techniques D) get messages outmore effectively4 .Advertising on radio continues to grow because.A) more local radio stations have been set upB) modern technology makes it more entertainingC) it provides easy access to consumersD) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio.5 .Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way toA) reach target audiences B) modern technology makes it moreentertainingC) appeal to educated people. D) convey all kinds of messages6.Oui-of-home advertising has become more effectivebecause_______A) billboards can be replaced within two hoursB) consumers travel more now ever beforeC) such ads have been made much more attractiveD) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays7 . The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads thatareA) quick to update B) pleasant to look atC) easy to remember D) convenient to access8 . Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reachaudiences that tend to be9 .Directmail is an effective form of advertising for business todevelop_____________________10 .This passage discusses how advertisersselect for advertisements.参考答案：1. A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C8.quite homogeneous 9.relationships with consumers 10.theappropriate mediaFor questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if he statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GlV EN)if the information is not given in the passage；For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.SpidersSpiders can be distinguished from other Arachnids because theprosoma (combined head and thorax) is only separated from the opisthosoma (abdomen) by a narrow waist, in other Arachnids the whole body appears to be much more of a single unit. All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their homes and to protect their eggs.All spiders possess poison glands but very few of them are dangerous to humans, of the 600 species in Britain only 1 2 (at least one of these is a recent human assisted colonist) are strong enoughto pierce the human skin, and apart from allergies, none are moredangerous than a common wasp. Most spiders have 8 eyes (though some have 6,4,2 or 0), as well as 8 legs. (By the way if you count the claws as separate leg section(which you shouldn't really)thentheir legs have 8 parts as well(coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus, metatarus, claws). There are more than 32,000 known species of spider in the world. No human being has ever been officially recorder as having died as the result of atarantula^ite.All spiders are carnivorous and feed only on liquids, i.e. their preys natural juices and the breakdown products of external digestion(meaning they spit, exude or inject digestive juices onto/into theirprey and suck up the resulting soup), So why not invite some to your next social do?Whafs In a NameThe word Arachnida comes from the Greek word Arachne, whowas the daughter of Idmon of Colophon in Lydia, a dyer by trade.Arachne herself was a weaver, the best in all the known world. However in a foolish moment she challenged Athene, the daughter ofZeus and goddess of, among other things, waving to a weaving competition. Arachne wove so perfect a cloth that she tore it to shreds. Arachne became depressed after this and in the end she hung herself. Athene stirred to remorse at the knowledge of what her anger had wrought turned the rope Arachne had used to hang herself into a web and Arachne herself into a spider so that the beauty ofher spinning should not be lost to the world ever again.The Great Household Spider SafariThere are just over six hundred different sorts of spiders in theBritish Isles. But of these only a handful are commonly found in houses. At the front of the head are a pair of what appear to be small legs. These are called palps and are used to guide food to the spider s m outh. The front of the head also has a group of six or eight eyes. On the underside of the body at the rear, are four or sixsmall conical bumps or cylinders. There are the spinnerets from which the spider produces the silk to make its webs.Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by lookingat their palps. Males have swollen ends to their palps which makesthem look as if they are wearing boxing gloves, these are often strange shapes if looked at with a hand lens. Females have normal Iooking palps that are not swollen at the ends.The largest spider is the Goliath spider, the female of which growsto reach a leg span of ten inches. The largest spider in Britain is the Cardinal spider which is a close cousin of Tim Tegenaria. Femalescan achieve a leg span of four and a half inches. It is known as the Cardinal spider as it was common in Hampton Court when Cardinal Wolsey lived there. The sight of these long legged spiders wandering around the palace at night used to frighten him. So far 32, 000 different kinds of spider have been discovered from all over theworld. Britain has 630 different kinds of spider of which 250 are tiny Money spiders. The smallest of which has a body less than onemillimeter long.1. All the silk produced by spiders construct webs to catch theirfood.2. Not all the poison glands possessed by spiders are dangerous to human beings.3. Spiders often kill humans in Britain when they pierce humanskin.4. After seeing her enemy commits suicide, Arachne turned Athene into a spider.5. Tim Tegenaria spiders are closely related to tarantula spiders;both are found in Britain.6. So far 32,000 different kinds of spiders have been discovered from all over the world.7. Money spiders are the smallest spiders found in the Arachnids family.8. There are more than known species of spider in the world.9. Telling male and female spiders apart is easily done by .10. The largest spider is参考答案： 1.N当出现a ll这种过于绝对的词语时，考生应该引起注意。

一般这样的命题多数是不正确的首段中有句话：“All spiders produce silk, but only some construct webs to catch their hemes…”命题中 all 的说法过于绝对2.Y该命题是对原文第二段首句话的同义改写3.N 原文中第二段首句中写到，“of the 600 spiders in Britain only 1 2 arestrong enough to pierce the human skin”,因此并不是命题中说的当它们刺进人的皮肤通常能致人死亡4.N原文中说，“Arachne became depressedafter this and in the end she hung herself. " 注意代词 this 指代上面的句子，结合上一句一起理解，命题显然是错误的 5. NG文章中只出现过一次Tim Tegenaria,所以该题很好定位，即最后一段的第二句可是文章中并没有出现tarantula spiderso 6.Y该命题定位在最后一段倒数第三句话处7.NG首先定位Money spiders出现的位置是文章的最后的两句，可是并没有提到它是最小的。

8.32,000该题由关键词species of spider定位在第二段倒数第： 句9.looking at their palps该题定位在倒数第二段的首句10.the Goliath spider本题答案在最后•段的首句。