卵圆孔未闭与脑卒中课件.ppt
38页卵圆孔未闭封堵——临床医学证据与对策韩宝石朱航郭军中国人民解放军总医院1PPT课件 约约约约25252525%成年人存在%成年人存在%成年人存在%成年人存在PFOPFOPFOPFOPFO发生率N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1148 –1152.(Circulation. 2005;112:1063-1072.)3PPT课件•有10%~40%的PFO可发生缺血性卒中–即使PFO患者抗凝治疗,仍有3%~10%发生脑栓塞•高达30~40%偏头痛患者存在PFO•高达48-70%的先兆偏头痛患者存在PFOPFO相关临床疾病发生率4PPT课件PFO导致卒中机制•外周静脉系统血栓•突发右向左分流–Valsalva动作–咳嗽5PPT课件血栓穿越PFOBMJ Case Rep 2016Eur heart j 2015case 2case 16PPT课件不明原因脑卒中患者的PFO检出率年龄小于55岁的脑卒中患者,PFO与脑卒中关系密切Relationship of Cryptogenic Stroke With PFON Engl J Med. 1988;318:1148 –1152.(Circulation. 2005;112:1063-1072.)Prevalence of PFO in 160 patients7PPT课件Stroke. 2010;41:S26-S30.PFO与脑卒中8PPT课件不明原因脑卒中:PFO与梗死的关系•PFO 与不明原因的脑卒中相关与不明原因的脑卒中相关•PFO 大小与脑梗死负荷呈正相关大小与脑梗死负荷呈正相关Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2013: pp 1399-1404 1399.)9PPT课件PFO,脑卒中复发的致病因素?Prevalence of Conventional RFs in CS Patients With (+) and Without (-) PFO PFO Prevalence in CS vs Stroke of Known CauseStroke. 2008;39:3131–3136.Stroke. 2002;33:706 –711.Cerebrovasc Dis. 2009;28:349 –356.Stroke. 2010; 41[suppl 1]:S26-S30.•PFO是脑卒中发生的重要预测指标是脑卒中发生的重要预测指标•PFO 是再发脑卒中的重要危险因素是再发脑卒中的重要危险因素 •无传统危险因素的脑卒中患者,可以预测其无传统危险因素的脑卒中患者,可以预测其PFO检出率较高检出率较高10PPT课件RoPE: 鉴别卒中相关PFO的指标•传统危险因素越少,卒中与传统危险因素越少,卒中与PFO的关系越密切的关系越密切•卒中与卒中与PFO的关系越密切,再发卒中的可能性越小的关系越密切,再发卒中的可能性越小 Neurology 2013;81:1–7Risk of Paradoxical Embolism ScorePFO attributable fraction and estimated 2 year risk of stroke /TIA11PPT课件再发脑卒中的预防•PFO封堵封堵 vs 药物治疗,药物治疗,PFO封堵预防再发卒中的效果更好封堵预防再发卒中的效果更好•外科修补术的全因死亡率未下降外科修补术的全因死亡率未下降(Circulation. 2005;112:1063-1072.)Medical TherapyPercutaneous PFO ClosureSurgical PFO Closure12PPT课件CLOSUREI研究•Closure with a device did not offer a greater benefit than medical therapy alone for the prevention of recurrent stroke or TIA•The cumulative incidence of the primary end point was 5.5% in the closure group as compared with 6.8% in the medical-therapy group (P = 0.37)•2.9% and 3.1% for stroke (P = 0.79) • 3.1% and 4.1% for TIA (P = 0.44).•percutaneous closure of the PFO with the STARFlex device•909 patients were enrolled•2 years of follow-upN Engl J Med 2012;366:991-9.6.8%5.5%对大多数高危患者,无论是医生、还是患者均选择PFO封堵术最终入组者,中低危患者较多13PPT课件RESPECT研究•RESPECT研究–美国62个中心、加拿大7个中心–通过对980例隐源性脑卒中患者进行封堵与药物治疗的随机对照试验。
•研究发现:–在降低脑卒中风险方面,封堵器治疗优于单独药物治疗,封堵治疗将脑卒中风险降低46.6~72.7%14PPT课件DeviceClosureofPFOAfterStroke-临床荟萃研究•Among patients with PFO and CS, closure reduced recurrent stroke •a significant benefit of PFO closure when compared with ASA (1.4 vs. 3.6%, P=0.03)•Vitamin K antagonists performed as well as PFO closure (3.0 vs. 2.5%, P=0.86).J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:907–17•2,303 patients•2 devices (STARFlex ) and Amplatzer PFO Occluder evaluated in 3 trials•The primary composite outcome was stroke, TIA, or death; the secondary outcome was stroke.Stroke/TIA/DeathRecurrent Stroke Logrank P=0.0885 Logrank P=0.0103Data from trials of disc occluder15PPT课件PercutaneousclosureofPFOincryptogenicembolism-临床荟萃研究•PFO closure with AMP appears superior to medical therapy in preventing strokes in CS•No significant differences found for STF and HLX when compared with medical therapy• The probability to be best in preventing strokes was 77.1% for AMP, 20.9% for HLX, 1.7% for STF, and 0.4% for medical therapy..•four randomized trials (2963 patients with 9309 patient-years•Investigated devices were Amplatzer (AMP), STARFlex (STF), and HELEX (HLX).European Heart Journal (2015) 36, 120–12816PPT课件长期疗效对比:PFO封堵vs药物治疗•PFO closure was more effective than medical treatment for the secondary prevention•PFO closure resulted in a significant 64% relative risk reduction for death Circulation 2012;125:803–812.•308 patients , percutaneous PFO closure (150 patients) or medical treatment (158 patients)•followed up prospectively for up to 15 years. Ten-year outcome17PPT课件RESPECT研究最终结果•Data from August 2003 - May 2016•Mean Follow-up: 5.9 years (0-12 years)•Device•Mean 6.3 years; Total 3141 patient-years•Medical Management•Mean 5.5 years; Total 2669 patient-yearsPFO closure with the AMPLATZERTM PFO Occluder was more beneficial than medical management alone18PPT课件PFO形态与不明原因卒中的关系•PFO diameter• larger PFOs may be more prone to transit of thrombotic material •Degree of right to left shunting: •Length of the PFO ( ‘tunnels’ > 8 mm )• Atrial septal aneurysm• ASA may themselves be pathogenic or may promote R-L shunting • Eustachian valves and Chiari networks Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2013: pp 1399-140419PPT课件卵圆孔未闭处理策略中国专家共识中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会高危PFO:•PFO合并ASA或房间隔活动度过大(6.5mm)•PFO伴有静息RLS及PFO较大(4mm)•PFO合并过长的VE或Chiari网等解剖特征心脏杂志心脏杂志 2015,27((4))20PPT课件对策-药物或封堵•药物治疗–再次脑卒中风险低,3.2–6.8%–长期抗凝和抗血小板出血风险获益大风险小获益大风险大获益小风险小获益小风险大•介入封堵–安全有效–出血风险低–手术相关并发症21PPT课件•PFO可引起偏头痛–偏头痛的程度较重,其性质表现为一侧头部的搏动性疼痛,伴有畏光畏声、恶心呕吐,常不能正常工作学习、持续1天或更长。
•少数偏头痛患者每次伴有发作前的先兆感觉信号,常见有闪光幻觉和其他视觉缺损22PPT课件•偏头痛(MA)患者PFO发生率为30~40%,有先兆偏头痛患者更是高达48-70%•MA患者心内右向左分流的患病率显著高于正常人群,与CS的患病率相当•另外,在偏头痛患者中MRI证实PFO的发生是没有偏头痛患者的13倍PFO与偏头痛的相关性23PPT课件•PFO在MA中患病率明显增高,这与对不明原因脑梗死的研究结果一致,说明偏头痛的可能机制是矛盾栓塞•fMRI研究表明,视觉先兆患者的枕叶皮层有短暂性低灌注,TCD和SPECT研究发现,PFO患者更易出现后循环血栓•JAMA谈到在频繁发作MA的患者中,亚临床的后循环供血区梗死的发生率增加了15倍Neurology认为青年人偏头痛梗死更容易发生在后循环PFO发生偏头痛的可能机制24PPT课件ØPFO致MA机制推测:静脉微血栓矛盾栓塞;Ø化学物质如5羟色胺等未经肺循环清除,触发偏头痛ØPFO封堵可减少偏头痛发作PFO发生偏头痛的可能机制25PPT课件•Azarbal等回顾评估了不明原因卒中患者,偏头痛患病率为42%,其中62%为有先兆者,封堵术后一年,有60%的偏头痛完全缓解,其余40%部分缓解。
26PPT课件PFO闭合装置27PPT课件双盘型PFO封堵器28PPT课件双盘型PFO封堵器Solysafe 封堵器29PPT课件Premere封堵器30PPT课件封堵片31PPT课件缝合装置32PPT课件射频闭合装置33PPT课件34PPT课件 35PPT课件①具有不明原因卒中病史,同时证实有PFO存在右向左分流者;②有先兆症状的偏头痛合并PFO患者;③PFO合并房间隔瘤;④PFO伴随反复发生肺栓塞并DVT⑤10mm以上的大PFO;⑥右向左分流的大PFO;⑦有PFO的潜水员PFO封堵术的适应症36PPT课件•WöhrleJ总结了11个研究1970个PFO封堵的患者–0.2%发生TIA–1.1%发生置入物血栓–没有死亡、心肌梗塞、卒中或其他引起长期后遗症的事件•较严重的并发症–术后封堵器表面血栓形成,抗血小板治疗可以把封堵器血栓风险性降到更低•释放封堵装置导致心脏填塞的发生率不到0.1%37PPT课件•卵圆孔介入封堵手术为治疗不明原因或隐源性脑卒中及偏头痛提供了一个新的可能治愈的方法,使该病可能不在是一个终身疾病•偏头痛患者发生卵圆孔未闭是否要治疗尚无统一标准,但一定要进行综合考虑,因偏头痛发作频繁影响患者自理生活时可考虑介入封堵治疗。





