高考英语阅读理解中的长难句配讲评Word版.doc

如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍-A高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢？除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，影响其对短文内容的理解试看从NMET2001 E篇择选的一长句：When a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a tan say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa． 该句后半句实际上包含有四个宾语从句和一个状语从句，hear后跟宾语从句，省略引导词(that)，这个宾语从句中动词say又带了一个由(that) 引导的分宾语从句。

而这个宾语从中动词know又带了一个仍由(hat)引导的分宾语从句，这个分宾语从句中有一个until引导的时间状语从句．句中分词asking作状语，后又接了一个if引导的宾语从句，五个从句盘根错节令人眼花缭乱 再如NMET2002 D篇中第二段最后一句： He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773． 此句长达65个单词，结构比较复杂，句中包括一个并列句、两处并列谓语、三个宾语从句、一个状语从句。

外加插入成分在并列句中，but把前后两个分句连接起来，前一个分中有found out和thought两个并列谓语．后一个分句中有一个until导的时间状语从句，该时间状语从句中已有came across和learnt两个并列谓语 其实，再复杂的复合句，只要能恰当地运用句法知识进性结构和功能分析，就可突破其含义，准确地理解短文大意，获取重要信息 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成并列结构一般有连词and，but，or等连接；复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词，找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构，清理出完整意义平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语表示目的：so that，for the purpose that，in order that等；表示结果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore，thus等；表示条件：if，on condition that，unless等；表示原因：because，since，as等。

【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oiland work better．(NMETl995 C篇) 析：这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句内有not only…but also…连接的并列结构句意：噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要使用消声器．这不仅减轻了轿车的重量而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好 【例2】We even have different words for some tools, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating． (NMET2001D篇) 析：whether…or…表示判断选择的搭配结构，which 引出定语从句，指代前文中的事实，that引出同位语从句，while引出状语从旬，表示对比。

句意：我们甚至用不同的词语来表示食物，特别是肉类，取决于它们是否还在田问里，还是即将就厨这表明撒可逊农民干的是农活而上层的诺曼人干的是吃喝 【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident． (NMETl997 C篇) 析：该句前半部分explain接what引导的宾语从句：后半部分对此进行具体解释，其中，在主句前后各有一个if导的条件状语从句和even if引导的让步状语从句as the owner是插入语句意：一个瑞典Kennel俱乐部的官员解释了这项(法律)的含义，如果你的狗跑到公路上被汽车撞了作为主人即使你的狗被撞死了，你也要为被撞坏的汽车做出赔偿 / 【例4】First, I have to find the red ones among the leaves, which means I almost have to stand on my head，and once found I have to reach down and under, pick the tomatoes and withdraw (缩回) my full fist without dropping the prize SO dearly won．(2005全国I卷E篇) 析：全句是由and连接的两个并列分句，在前半句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句．在定语从句中，means后接宾语从句，意为“首先，我必在叶丛中找到红的西红柿，这意味着我差不多要倒立了”。

在后半句中once found为一省略they are的时状语从句主句中reach，pick，withdraw为并列谓语动词，意为“一旦发现，我必须伸手到底下摘西红柿，然后缩回来，而不把用这么昂贵的方式得来的奖品弄丢” 【例5】It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers，although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when an e-mail is introduced，the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet． 析：此句夹杂较复杂的句型结构although引导的让步状语从句中，主干部分为just about anyone can tell you that…在that引导的宾语从句中又含有when引导的时间状语从句。

句意：由于因特网的使用计算机所使用的纸张的数量是很难衡量的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人都能告诉你当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于越来越多的使用因特网 【例6】Perhaps they will spend their days gollocking to make new spundlesor struggling with their ballalators through the circle, These words, which I have just made up, have to stand for tings and ideas that we simply can't think of． 析：后句包含两个定语从句，一个是由which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰words；一个是由that引导的定语从句修饰things and ideas该句意为：这些字是我编造的，必定代表我们没有想到的事物和主意 二、抓主干、剔从句 一个句子的支架就是句中的谓语动词根据英语中五种基本句型结构，把句子中的主语、宾语、表语等主要成分找出来，其他成分如定语、状语、补语等则一目了然易于理解。

一些长句其实就是一个由主句和若干个状语从句组成的一个多层次主从复合句，一定要搞清主句和状语从句之间的逻辑关系，只要把逻辑关系搞清楚了，则长难句就好对付了如果把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再把大意拼凑起来，构成整个长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度如： 【例1】 One tiny 9 inch-plant bought for $ 1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door. (2005全国I卷E篇) 析：句子主干部分为one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over much of my rose bed and…bought短语、covering短语分别作定语和状语句意：一个在春天时花$1．25买的九英寸植物已经接管了我的玫瑰苗圃，覆盖了我的其他植物正在向前门发展 【例2】 Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the olde。