四级写作(writing).ppt

四、六级写作 (WRITING),李 伟 刚2009年5月31日,一、评分标准,2分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子有错，且多数为严重错误； 5分-基本切题表达思想不清楚，连贯性差有较多的严重语言错误； 8分-基本切题有些地方表达不够清楚，文字勉强连贯语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误 11分-切题表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但是少量语言错误 14分-切题表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误二、题材,1、应用文：书信、通知、倡议书等； 2、记叙或者说明文：记叙一段事情的经过；对某个目的物进行说明，如旅游景点； 3、议论文：对某个社会焦点或校园热点进行分析论证（正反论证或多面论证）； 4、图表作文：,2/1 应用文举例,例如：A Notice of English Speech Contest to publish on your school BBS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese, 通知中应包括英语演讲的时间、地点、主办者及演讲比赛的主题和对于参赛者的要求。

2/2 记叙/说明文举例,For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled The day my classmate fell ill (or got injured), You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况； 2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的； 3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感觉2/3 议论文举例,For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled My Opinion on Campus Lecture. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 大学校园里的讲座丰富多彩 2. 听讲座的益处 3. 你对于大学校园里听讲座的评论,2/4 图表作文举例,For this part , you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled student use of computers .You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 上图所示为90、95、00年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化； 2.请说明发生这些变化的原因； 3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

三、应用文体的写作,1、应用文体的格式：特别是时间的位置； 2、应用文体的要求： 2.1 开门见山，不拐弯摸角； 2.2 语言使用恰当，特别是投诉信和求职信，不宜语言过激和盲目承诺； 2.3 称呼及称呼的适当； 2.4 应用文体的分段; 2.5 应用问题的结尾和格式书信 称呼语： 第一类书信是写给某个团体组织或者机构的称呼语可以直接写成Dear Sir(s)/ Dear Madam 第二类书信就是写给个人的，其中包括： （1）不知道收信人的姓名：Dear Sir(s), Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern. （2）知道收信人的姓名，但不是亲朋好友：Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms. Green, Dear Dr./ President Bush. （3）写给亲朋好友，直呼其名，省略姓氏：Dear Mom/Jack/Mary 正文： 商业信件多采用齐头式而私人信件通常不用齐头式在齐头式书信中，全部内容，包括日期和信尾问候语，都从左侧顶格开始，段落开头不空格，各段之间空两行修正齐头式是使用最广泛的一种格式，日期、信尾问候语都写在偏右的位置。

落款： Yours Sincerely, Yours truly, Yours faithfully, Yours respectfully, Yours gratefully, Yours affectionately.,书信主旨句,I am writing this letter to show my heart-felt gratitude to sb for sthI am writing this letter to apply for the position as a _____ in your company.I am writing this letter to make an apology to sb for _________.,通知体,例文：,A Notice of English Speech Contest to publish on your school BBS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese, 通知中应包括英语演讲的时间、地点、主办者及演讲比赛的主题和对于参赛者的要求。

A Notice of English Speech ContestAn English speech contest sponsored by the University English Club will be held on May 4th at the university auditorium to memorize the 86th anniversary of the May,4th Campaign. Any of the full-time students in this university is entitled to submit a draft of his/her speech before April 30th to the Speech Organizing Committee Office at Room 1512 of the No. 2 Students Dormitory. You are free to choose your topic and the teachers of the English Department will offer their help to polish your drafts. The student whose draft is chosen by the Speech Organizing Committee will become the candidate. The winner will be awarded prizes by the president of the university himself and will be recommended to take part in the English Speech Contest among universities in the district of Beijing. Please mail your speech draft to jwhw888@ . For further information please contact us at 86666165.The organizing committee of English Speech ContestMarch, 3rd 2006,议论文写作,如何写文章开头？,I. 开门见山式： 适合于一般说明性文章，特别是说明重要性或必要性的文章。

结构： 引子（点出主题）+主题+ 启下 引子常用句型： 1. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ____. 2. ____ is a common occurrence in our daily life. 3. _____ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.,议论文写作-开门见山,4. Recently, _____ has become the focus of the society, and in this way, people swarm to ______.5. This is a general (much/public) discussion (debate) about (over/ as to ) the issue /problem of…6.When it comes to …, quite a few (most/many ) people believe (think/argue) …7.In recent years (In the past few years), there is (has been ) a general (widespread/ growing) awareness of (realization of/ feeling towards)…,议论文—开门见山,8.Now people in growing (significant) numbers are beginning (coming /getting) to believe (realize / be aware) 9.A recent (new/nationwide) study (survey/ poll) conducted (taken) at a university (by scientists/ officials) indicates (reveals/ suggests / proves) that…,议论文—开门见山,主题句常见句型(谦语+ 主题) 谦语：I think, as far as I know, in my opinion 主题： 1. play an important/ indispensable/ vital role in … 2. contribute a lot/ much to 3. have a positive / negative effect / influence on,议论文—开门见山,主题句， which results from the following reasons.which results in the following situations.which is apparent in the following cases. Eg: 1. Saving water 2. The safety of food 3. CET reform 4. Oral English 5. High- school students’ going abroad for studies 6. Reading widely,议论文---正反双面,适合于论证某种事物的双面性（advantage and disadvantage; positive and negative effect） 结构：正反论证引子+ 引入主题 引子常用句型： As is known to all, It is widely believed that; As is generally accepted that; Every paper/ mirror/ thing has two sides, which applies to/ is true of …./ … is not an exception; / … is not excluded.…has both advantages/ positive and disadvantages/ negative effects on… Although everyone believes that …, I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis ( close examination),。