
句子种类结构.doc
4页句子的种类 结构及基本句型(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句 1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快 (说明事实) The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味说明看法) 2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time. 你能按时完成工作吗 b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live? 你住那儿 How do you know that?你怎么知道那件事 c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee. 你是要茶还是要咖啡 d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn't know her, does he.他不认识她,对不对 3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如: Sit down, please. 请坐。
Don't be nervous! 别紧张! 4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如: What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: 1) 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如: She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮 (主) (谓) 2) 并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如: The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主) (谓) (主)(谓) 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口 3) 复合句:包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如: The film had begun when we got to the cinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了 主句 从句(三)基本句型:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的: 1)主 + 动(SV) 例如:I work. 我工作。
2)主 + 系 + 表(SVP) 例如:John is busy. 约翰忙 3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO) 例如:She studies English. 她学英语 4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC) 例如:Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的 5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如:My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳疑问句:疑问句是用来提出问题的,往下还可分为四种:A)一般疑问句(General Question)一般疑问句是就某件事或某种情况的“是与否”提问因此,它的回答不是“Yes”就是“No”;回答时可以是完整句,也可以是省略句B) 特殊疑问句(Special Question)特殊疑问句是对某件事或某种情况的某一方面的具体内容提问,此时就需要使用相应的特殊疑问词如:时间(When)、地点(Where)、原因(Why)、方式(How)、人物(Who)、名称(What),等一般疑问句1、be动词的一般疑问句句型:be动词﹢主语﹢······?Is this your pencil?Yes,it is./No,it isn’t.Is that his eraser? Yes,it is./No,it isn’t.Are these her dictionaries? Yes,they are ./No,they aren’t.Are those their radios? Yes,they are ./No,they aren’tAre you Mr. Brown?Yes,I am./No,I’m notIs he your father?Yes,he is ./No,he isn’t.Are they her grandparents?Yes,they are ./No,they aren’tIs it on your desk?Yes,it is./No,it isn’t.Are they under the sofa?Yes,they are ./No,they aren’t.2、情态动词的一般疑问句 句型:情态动词﹢主语﹢······?Can you spell it?Could you bring some things to school for me?实义动词的一般疑问句句型:do/does/did﹢主语﹢动词原形······?Do you have a volleyball?Yes,I do./No, I don’t.Does he have a tennis ball?Yes,he does./No, he doesn’t.Does she like bananas?Yes,she does./No, she doesn’t.3、特殊疑问句 ----要求具体回答的问句。
1)特殊疑问句结构是:除who以外的疑问代词短语 疑问副词 疑问代词 以上+一般疑问句+? 如:What do you want?(你要什么?)/ Who(m) are you looking for ?(你在找谁?)/ Whose magazine is this?(这是谁的杂志?)/Which class are you in?(你在哪班?)/ When did you get up this morning?(你今早什么时候起身的?)/ Where have you been?(你到哪儿去了?)/ Why did he go to bed so early?(他为什么这么早睡觉?)/ How did you go there?(你是怎么去的那儿?) 但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同:如:Who is dancing over there?(谁在那边跳舞?) 有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句如:What is on the wall?(什么东西在墙上?/墙上有什么?)/ Which is yours?(哪个是你的?)/ Whose book is in your bag?(谁的书在你的书包里?) [注意]从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用!如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。
2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词: 疑问代词: who, whom, whose, which, what, 疑问副词: when, where, why, how, how构成的短语:how many (多少个) (独立用;或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用;或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (多常),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式如:Why don’t you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not…?) (你为什么不转请Jim呢?)4) 特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词如:When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的?)5) 疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾如:What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢?) 4。
