新视野大学英语视听说第4册答案.pdf

新视野大学英语视听说第4 册答案UintlIL Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: I'm beside myself with joy. I'm so lucky. Guess what? Fve won a litof money in the lottery.W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right?Q: What does the woman mean?2. ScriptW: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car.M: He shouldn't have driven a car without a driver's license. He's stilltaking driving lesson.Q: What do we know about Mary's son?3. ScriptM: Susan, I hear you're going to marry that guy. Some people thinkyou'll regret it.W: Is that so? Only time tell.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother'spassing. I know how close you two were?W: Thank you. It was so sudden. TM still in a state of shock I don't knowwhat to do.Q: Which of following is true?5. ScriptW: I get furious at work when my opinions aren't considered just becauseI'm a woman.M: You should air your view more emphatically and demand that yourvice be heard.Q: What is the woman complaining about?Keys: l.C 2.B 3. D4.A5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Mary: Dam! You're spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined.John: F m terrible sorry! What can I do to help? Here's some water towash it off.Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! I'm amess.John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please don't blow up. Don't loseyour cool.Mary: Hmm, you've got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldn't flyoff the handle? This dress cost a fortune.John: You look really cute when you're mad. I kid you not. Some peopledo look attractive when they are in a rage.Mary: This is very expensive dress. I saved for months to buy it, andnow it's ruined. Look at this stain!John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and I'll take it to thecleaners.Mary: Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it toyou? I don't even know you!John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. Tm John Owen.Mary: Mmm, at least you're polite. I guess I really shouldn't have flaredup. After all, it was an accident. I'm Mary Harvey.John: Come on. Til take you home. You can change your clothes, and I'llget the dress cleaned for you.Mary: Now you're talking. Thanks. You're a real gentleman.John: You'd better believe it. I'm glad to see that you've cooled down.Feel look a bite to eat afterward? I'm starving.Mary: Ok. You're pretty good. I'm not nearly as mad. If you can get thisstain out, Til be very happy.John: m try my best. But if I can't get the stain out, please don,t let yourhappiness turn to wrath.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog?2. Why does the woman get angry?3. What does the man say to please the woman when she looks angry?4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman?5. What is the man's final proposal?Keys: ID 2.A3.C4.B 5.CTask 2: Big John is coming!ScriptA bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (SI)owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some instructions on(S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that BigJohn is coming to town, (S3) drop everything and run for the hills! He'sthe biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw who's ever lived!^^A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhandcomes running through town (S6) yelling, “Big John is coming! Run foryour (S7) lives!”When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to theground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As he's pickinghimself up* he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. He's muscular, andis growing as he approaches the bar.He steps up to the door, orders the poor barkeep inside, and demands, €

the late nineteenth and earlytwentieth century saw a five-day work week introduced as Saturdaybecame a day of rest and relaxationIn many ways this has been a great boon to the economy as it leads to_agreat increase in consumer spending on Saturdays.After the Second World War, and Sunday also became a day of recreationfor many.The weekend is now a part of the week usually lasting two days in whichmost paid workers do not work. This is a time for leisure and recreation,and for religious activities.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: The History of Chinese AcrobaticsScriptWelcome to the magnificent world of the Beijing Acrobats! Here theimpossible is made of possible, and “daring“ only begins to describe theiramazing performance. The Beijing Acrobats are comprised of the finestacrobatic troupes in China today and have received acclaim fromcountries around the world. An outgrowth of Great China Circus, popularduring the 1920's, this group became an integrated professional acrobaticcompany in 1958.Many of the magnificent and sophisticated feats we see today wereperformed even in ancient times. The history of Chinese acrobatics is richin tradition and dates back over 2,000 years. It began with folk arts;tumbling, juggling ordinary household objects and balancing.Myth and religion also influenced the acrobatic performing arts. The LionDance is Buddhist in origin. It was a symbol for the spirit of renewal andfor avoiding bad luck. Throughout the history of China the acrobatic artsflourished, but in varying degrees. Originally, court entertainments wereformal and monotonous, quite the opposite of the lively folk arts of thepeople. Eventually, however, the excitement of the acrobats5 amazingfeats caught and held the attention of the ruling class. Acrobaticperformers were routinely invited to the court to entertain and impress theEmperors. These varied acts of tumbling, singing, dancing and jugglingbecame known as “The Hundred Entertainments“ in the Han Dynasty,more than 2, 000 years ago. The acrobatic arts have always maintainedtheir popularity with the people. Today the acrobatics of families carry onthis highly-acclaimed tradition. Children begin training at a young age todo handstands on a chair, balance jar, spin plates and throw knives; theystick to a strict training schedule which they follow the rest of their lives.Now let's sit back, relax and enjoy the shows as our performers reveal toyou their mastery of an ancient art from, thousands of years in themaking!27 . Where does this speech probably occur?28 . When was the Great China Circus popular?29 .How long is the history of Chinese acrobatics?30 .According to the passage, what does the lion in a Lion Dancesymbolize?5. How long do acrobats receives training?Keys: ID 2.A3.C4.B 5.DTask 2: Exercise to RelaxScriptWendy: What a day...a walk on the beach, bodysurfing, an hour ofpumping iron, followed by a nice long jog. Maybe we can finishoff with a little badminton this evening.Howard: Groan.Wendy: So far this week, we've played beach volleyball, gone hiking,gone swimming, and ridden mountain bikes. Don't you feelbetter in mind and body than when we arrived here?Howard: To tell the truth, I ache all over. My muscles are complainingthat they're being mistreated.Wendy: Oh, now, admit it: This is the way to get the most out of life.This is how Nature intended us to live. I'll bet you'd beexercising even if I weren't here.Howard: Not a chance. Whenever I feel the urge to exercise, I lie andwait for the feeling to pass. I prefer sitting around fishing orresting on a comfortable chair and watching the grass grow orstretching out on the beach while the sun slowly sets.Wendy: You're a lazy lump. Before long you'll be fat and weak and shortof breath. If you think we had a big workout this week, just waittill next week. We're going rafting, and after that, I want to gocamping and mountain climbing.Howard: Know what you are? You're fitness freak. You're hooked onexercise.Wendy: Well, that may be true. But I'll make a deal with you. If youpromise to go camping with me next week, we'll go to a moviethis weekend.Howard: Wonderful. Just what I was waiting to hear. It sounds like agreat chance to relax. Maybe someday I can even help youbreak free from that horrible fitness habit.Wendy: That51 1 be the day!Keys: FTTFFTask3: How Americans Use Their TimeScriptIf you want to know what Americans do when they are not working, well,the average adult spends almost two hours a day on household activitieslike cooking, cleaning and paying bills. How do we know? TheDepartment of Labor has just released a study of how Americans use theirtime.The study confirmed something that many people already knew. Womenspend more time on child care and housework than men do, even whenthe women are employed. Men, however, spend more time at work. Menalso spend more time on leisure activities and sports. They average fivehours and twenty minutes a day, half an hour more than women.Leisure activities include things like watching television, visiting friendsor exercising. Both men and women reported that they spent about halftheir leisure time watching television. Visiting friends and attendingsocial events was the next most common leisure activity for both sexes.Older Americans spent more of their leisure time watching TV andreading than younger people did. Younger people reported spending moretime with friends, using the computer and playing sports. In all, 19percent of men and 16 percent of women play sports on any given day..For Reference1. They spend almost two hours a day on household activities likecooking, cleaning and paying bills.2. Men spend more time at work. Men also spend more time on leisureactivities and sports. They average five hours and twenty minutes aday, half an hour more than women3. Both men and women reported that they spent about half their leisuretime watching television. Visiting friends and attending social eventswas the next most common leisure activity for both sexes.4. They spend time with friends, using the computer and playing sports5. In all, 19 percent of men and 16 percent of women play sports on anygiven day..News ReportLatest Space Walk from Space StationScriptAmerican astronaut Carl Walz and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Onufrienkotook their first space walk outside of an international space station onMonday. Their mission was to move a construction crane and install aradio antenna outside the space station.Walz, Onufrienko, and American astronaut Daniel Bursch first movedinto the space station last month. This was their first attempt since then toexit the station.As Bursch monitored from outside, Walz and Onufrienko exited thestation 400 km above the Pacific Ocean. Their main task was to move aRussian-built crane from its temporary home on the U.S. side of the spacestation to a permanent home on the Russian side. Their plan was to useanother similar Russian-built crane to help them carry out the job. Thegoal was for both cranes to eventually be located on the Russian side ofthe space station, which was launched in September.The job was not an easy one, considering that the crane they were incharge of moving is nearly 15 meters long when fully extended and ableto move more than three tons of equipment when in use. The two menworked together to maneuver the two large cranes into the correctpositions. The complicated job took several hours to complete, but theirhard work resulted in the successful relocation of the crane to the Russianside of the space station.The men were also given the task of installing the first of four radioantennas on the living quarters of the space station.During the space walk, the two men complained of a continualhigh-pitched beeping sound that distracted them as they floated in space.Russian engineers attempted to find the cause of the noise the men werehearing inside their spacesuits, but could not provide an immediatesolution.The three-man crew is the fourth crew to live on the space station andwill remain on board there until May.Uint8IL Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Scentists claim the world population has 99.5% of the same DNA.W: But this doesn't tell us there is no such thing as race.Q: What is true of the DNA of difference races?2. ScriptW: With the advent of the genetic map we know where everything is, butdo we know where to go with it?M: Your map seems to differ largely from my geographical map!Q: What does the man imply?3. ScriptM: As you know, it has taken millions of years of evolution and naturalselection to get us where we are today.W: Yes, but now that we have genetic engineering, we seem to havedecided that we want to be God.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: I think the research into cloning will lead us into dangers, filling uswith false hopes of perfection.W: It's too late to turn back the clock. Well just have to depend oncommon sense to solve uncommon problems.Q: What does the woman mean?5. ScriptW: In America, many prisoners are having their cases reviewed, andsome have even been freed through DNA testing.M: Except for the ones whose death sentence has already been carriedout.Q: What can we learn about DNA testing from the dialog?Keys: l.B 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: Stem Cell ResearchScriptGregory: The Republican party in America is opposing stem cellresearch. I find ithard to believe that in this day and age, someone would do that.Lillian: Stem cell research sounds pretty impressive, I'll admit. But justwhat is it?Gregory: Well, a stem cell is a special type of cell. It is a general cell that,when itdevides, can become any specific type of cell.Lillian: You mean, a stem cell can become a heart cell? Or a brain or akidney cell?Gregory: That's about it. Stem cells are a part of the body's maintenanceand repairsystem. When they divide, they can become any cell type.Lillian: I guess there would be some tremendous medical advantages inthat sort ofresearch.Gregory: You've said a mouthful. Recently, scientists were able to help aman wholost a jawbone for cancer. They recreated bone material for hisjaw from stem cells. What it means is that since the new bonewas created out of the person's own cells, there was no problemwith rejection because the DNA was the same.Lillian: I bet the person was delighted. Why would anyone oppose thatsort of research? It would seem to have endless potential tobenefit the human race.Gregory: I agree, but there are people who think we should not interferewith nature and manipulate “what is natural”.Lillian: It's easier to hold such a narrow view if you're not in a positionto need the benefits of the research. If you're missing a jawbonebecause of cancer, you probably support the research.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. Who is against stem cell research?3. What is special about a stem cell?4. When can a stem cell become another cell type?5. According to the passage, why do some people oppose stem cellresearch?Keys: l.B 2.A 3.A 4.A 5.DTask 2: The Improvement of RiceScriptScientists now know a lot more about a grain that people have eaten forten thousand years. (SI) Research teams around the world havecompleted a map of the (S2) genes of rices. The findings appeared lastweek in the (S3) journal Nature.The aim is to speed up the improvement of rice. The scientists (S4) warnthat the kinds of rice plants used now have reached the limit of their (S5)productivity. Yet world rice production must (S6) grow by an estimated30 percent in the next twenty to meet demand. By 2025, as many as 4.6billion people will depend on rice for (S7) survival. There is a lot ofpressure on breeders to improve the crop, and the rice genome is avaluable tool to do that. (S8) Plant breeders have already usedpreliminary information from the rice genome to create experimentalstrains of rice that better resist cold and pests.The researchers also say rice is an excellent choice for genetic mappingand engineering. Rice genes have only about 390 million chemical bases.That maight sound like a lot. But other major food grains have thousandsof millions. (S9) The new map could better explain more than just rice.Rice shares a common ancestor with other cereal crops. Because rice isthe first cereal crop to be fully analyzed, researchers expect that sufficientknowledge of its genetic information will reveal the heredity of morecomplex grains, including corn, wheat and barley.(S10) While significant progress has been made in the analysis of the ricegenome. the mapping of human genes is also making headway. Whenscientists can identify and manipulate genes that cause certain diseases,mankind will cure them easily. The human genetic map may help uscontrol a person's height, weight, appearance and even length of life.Task3: The First Cloned CatScriptIn the age-old battle of cats and dogs, score one for the cats. Researchersat Texas A&M University recently announced that they have successfullycloned a cat name Rainbow- the first pet ever cloned—after severalyears of unsuccessful efforts to clone a dog name Missy.The ork, financed by a company hoping to provide pet-cloning services towealthy owners, adds cats to a growing list of successfully clonedanimals that includes pigs, sheep, cattle and mice.The success demonstrates cloning is a technology that could betransferred to other animal families as well. The accomplishment mayprovide new tools for studying diseases such as cats' AIDS, a valuableresearch model for AIDS in humans.Research into animal cloning remains an important scientific alternativeuntil the issue of human cloning is settled. And that seems unlikly in theimmediate future, for it involves religious and moral principles. There are,for example, groups that insist no one should be allowed to take on therole of God the Creator.To create cloned cat embryos for the experiment, researchers transferredDNA from adult cat cells into egg cells stripped of their own geneticinformation. Out of 82 attempts with cloned embryos, one attemptresulted in a failed pregnancy, and another yielded a kitten named CC,delivered from a surrogate mother on December 22. The kitten's namerefers to “Carbon Copy" and "Copycat”, the name of the cloning project.Cloning attempts with dogs have proven unsuccessful in part becausedogs' reproductive cycles are more complicated.The technique may also work with endangered cats such as the Africanwildcat, fishing cat and blackfooted cat.Ironically, the increased knowledge of cat reproduction may best besuited for developing cat contraceptives to control the U.S. catpopulation.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?1. What did researchers at Texas A&M University recently announce?2. Which animals are NOT mentioned in the passage as having beencloned?3. According to the passage, why is human cloning unlikely to happen inthe near future?4. What does the passage say about the pregnancy and birth in catcloning?Keys: l.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.CIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Why are people protesting againstgenetically modified foods?Susan: With so many people suffering from malnutrition around theworld， why are people protesting against genetically modifiedfoods?Chris: Some people are protesting about genetically modified foods, buteven more people are protesting the fact that processed foodscontaining these ingredients aren't labeled.Susan: But why should they be labeled?Chris: Not everyone is sure that genetically modified foods are safe.They want to be certain that biotech foods have the smecomposition as organic foods.Susan: But there are more urgent problems in this world. Many peopleare dying of starvation.Chris: But those who aren't starving may want genetically modifiedfoods to be labeled so they know what foods they should anddshouldn,t eat.Susan: You know, I heard of a genetically modified fish that grew to beten times its normal size.Chris: That sure sounds abnormal.Susan: Yeah, it does sound a bit strange , but that fish could feed tentimes as many people.Chris: You're right; genetically modified food might help solve worldhunger. But I think we have a right to know what we are eating.MODEL2 Do you think the cloning of humansshould be forbidden by law?ScriptSusan: After the cloning of Dolly the sheep, I think human cloning isnext.John: Whoa. I have some reservations about it. There are stll manyscientific problemsto solve before human cloning starts.Susan: There's an easier way. The Clonaid Company says they've clonedhumans.John: Oh, my God! These guys claim aliens from another planet taughtthem humancloning.Susan: A woman gave them half a million dollars to clone her deaddaughter.John: Clearly that woman doesn't know much about cloning. How riskyit is!Susan: I know it's inefficient. It took 276 tries to produce Dolly. But whyis it risky?John: Cloned animals grow abnormally large and age unnaturally fast.Susan: In other words, that woman may not be happy with her cloneddaughter.John: Then there are the emotions. No one knows if cloning damages themind.Susan: Do you think the cloning of humans should be forbidden by law?John: To my mind, the cloning of human organs shouldn't be prohabited.It may helpsolve medical problems.Susan: I see your point: cloning should be regulated if it's to benefithumanity.MODEL3 Is it interfering with nature?ScriptNora: Some religious groups are opposed to genetic research. Theybelieve it's interfering with nature.John: I know. But nature can be pretty hard-nosed too, so we often needto interfere with her——we build dams to control flooding.Nora: There5 re many diseases that are a part of nature, and they causepeople a great deal of misery: cancer and diabetes, for example.John: A better understanding of the genetic code that controls our bodywould be a great help in curing many diseases.Nora: The project to map the human genetic code...what's that called?John: The genome project. As you say, it has tremendous promise tomake our lives better_just in the ability to identify and correctgenetically-caused diseases like Alzheimer's.Nora: Some diseases like cancer are also believed to have a geneticswitch.John: That's right, and once researchers identify the switch, perhaps theycan turn off cancer or Alzheimer's.Nora: People are also concerned that science will enable us to determinesuch qualities as intelligence and height.John: You know it's going to happen- it's just a matter of when.Nora: Imagine if everyone was a combination of Yao Ming and AlbertEinstein.John: But what if they get it wrong, and you wind up with Yao Ming'sknowledge of nuclear physics and Albert Einstein's height?Nora: All those religious groups would say that it served you right.Now Your TurnTasklSAMPLE DIALOGJane: Some countries are suffering from crop failure and famine, but whydo they refuse genetically modified crops and foods?Bob: And many Europeans insist that processed foods containing GMingredients belabeled.Jane: Why should they be labeled?Bob: Not everyone is sure that genetically modified foods are safe. Theywant to certain that biotech foods have the same composition astraditional foods.Jane: But there are more urgent problems in this world. Many people aredying of famine.Bob: But those who aren't hungry may want all genetically modifiedproducts to be labeled so they know exactly what they5re eating.Jane: You know, Fve heard of a GM fish that was ten times larger than anormal fish.Bob: That really sounds abnormal.Jane: Some famine-stricken people are afraid GM crops will overpowerand eliminate their native crops.Bob: Sounds alarming.Jane: Yeah, but GM foods can feed many people.Bob: You're right; they could solve the problem of starvation in the world.But I think we have a right to know what we are eating. GM foodshould be labeled.V. Lefs TalkScriptCorrespondent: In the U.S. what percentage of people support biotechcrops? And do those who support biotech crops also eatbiotech foods? What percentage of food on the markethas genetically modified ingredients?Professor: U.S. consumers have been exposed to a very effectiveanti-biotechnology propaganda campaign for the lastfew years, but according to polls, over 70% supportbiotechnology. For example, in a recent referendum inOregon, voters rejected a proposal to require speciallabels on all products containing biotech ingredients byan overwhelming 73% to 27%. That's probably becauseconsumers know that we have an effectiveadministrative system. Many may also know that70-80% of the processed food products on supermarketshelves contain one or more ingredients from biotechcrops. All Americans eat biotech foods unless theydeliberately seek out products that are labeled otherwise.Evidence suggests that this is less than 5% ofconsumers.Correspondent: Chinese scientists have used biotechnology to create aProfessor:new type of tomato, which contains the vaccine againsthepatitis B. What's your take on this?It's a great example of how this technology can be usedto save lives, ease pain and suffering and improve thehuman condition. How can anyone be opposed to that?My only hope is that the clinical trials of this newtomato go well, and that it is quickly delivered tohealth-care providers who will use it to vaccinate peopleagainst hepatitis. By the way, please note that I do thinkthat such new pharmaceutical foods need to be handledas medicines by professionals and not as conventionalfoods. You will never see these tomatoes in thesupermarket. In a sense, the tomato plant is just beingused to manufacture a vaccine in a very safe andeconomical manner.U.S. Consumer's attitudeto BiotechOver 70% of U.S.consumers supportbiotechnology.ExamplesIn a recent referendum in Oregon, votersrejected a proposal to require speciallabels on all products containing biotechingredients by an overwhelming 73% to27%.Chinese Progress inBiotechChinese scientists have usedbiotechnology to create a new type oftomato, which contains the vaccine againsthepatitis B.Significance of theProgressThis technology can be used to savelives.ease pain and suffering and improvethe human condition.The Professor's AdviceI do think that such new pharmaceuticalfoods need to be handled as medicines byprofessionals and not as conventionalfoods.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: Confident enough to control your fate?ScriptSome people are born with the belief that they are masters of their ownlives. Others feel they are at the mercy of fate. New research shows thatpart of those feelings are in the genes.Psychologists have long known that people confident in their ability tocontrol their fates are more likely to adjust well to growing old than thosewho feel they drift on the currents of fate.Two researchers who questioned hundreds of Swedish twins report thatsuch confidence, or lack of it, is partly genetic and partly drawn fromexperience.They also found that the belief in blind luck- a conviction that chanceplays a big role in life—is something learned in life and has nothing to dowith heredity.The research was conducted by Nancy Pedersen, a professor ofpsychology at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Theresults were recently published in the United States in the Journal ofGerontology.People who are confident of their ability to control their lives have an''internal locus of control”, and have a better chance of being welladjusted in their old age, said Pedersen. An ''external locus ofcontroF',believing that outside forces determine the course of life, hasbeen linked to depression in latter years, she said.“We are trying to understand what makes people different. What makessome people age slowly and others have a more difficult time?^^ she said.The study showed that while people have an inborn tendency towardindependence and self-confidence, about 70 percent of this personalitytrait is affected by a person's environment and lifetime experiences.Pedersen's studies, with various collaborators, investigate the agingprocess by comparing sets of twins, most of whom were separated at anearly age.The subjects were drawn from a list first compiled about 30 years ago,registering all twins born in Sweden since 1886. The complete list, whichwas extended in 1971, has 95,000 sets of twins.1. Which of the following is concerned with blind luck?2. Which of the following is related to an external locus of control?3. According to the passage, what is true of one's inborn tendencytowards self-confidence?4. What subjects were mostly used in Pedersen's studies?5. What is the main idea of the passage?Keys: l.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.DTask 2: Is it moral to clone humans?ScriptLaura: Did you hear about that peculiar cult that claimed to have createdthe world's first human clone?Ian: Yeah, I did! They also said that it was aliens that created life onearth over 25,000 years ago. What are they on?Laura: I know! It was so obviously just part of an elaborate hoax to bringpublicity to their crazy movement. But I don't think the truth canbe far off. Scientists have been working on it for years.Ian: Sure, but most scientists are working on cloning human cells orbody parts that can be used to repair or replace damaged organs.Not complete human beings! Thafs just science fiction!Laura: Well, the science may seem to be very advanced, but the idea isnot a new one. In A Journey to the West, Sun Wu-kung, theMonkey King, can clone himself from the hairs on his head. Hejust plucks a few hairs, chews them a bit, and when he spits themout, they change into replicas of him!Ian: Really? Now that would be cool! You could send your clone toschool while you went to the cinema, and then it could do yourhomework! Wow! Now that I think of it, it would be kind of funto have a clone!Laura: You would say that! Don't you think it's slightly immoral? I mean,it's just like having a slave. Doesn't the clone deserve a life of hisown?Ian: Sure, but human beings must learn to strike a balance between thewelfare of a patient and of a clone.Keys: l.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.TTask3: A Drunkard's ArgumentScriptHere5s drunkard's argument in favor of heavy drinking.We would learn more about human bihavior if we paid closer attention tothe laws at work in the animal kingdom.“Only the fittest survive“ is a law that is apparent everywhere in thenatural world. Human beings could certainly benefit from a close study ofhow this law operates among, for example, the wild buffalo.A herd of buffalo moves only as fast as the slowest buffalo. When theherd is hunted, it is the slowest and weakest animals at the back that arekilled first. This is natural selection, and it is good for the herd. Thegeneral speed and health of the group keeps improving with regularkilling of the weaker memebers.The same process of survival of the fittest is to be observed by lookingclosely at the human brain, which can operate only as fast as the slowestbrain cells. Excessive consumption of alcohol, as we all know, kills braincells. Just like the less vigorous buffalo at the back of the herd, theweakest and slowest brain cells are destroyed first.In this way the principles of natural selection become evident. Regularconsumption of large amounts of beer eliminates the weaker brain cells,making the brain a faster and more efficient machine. It is therefore notsuprising that one also feels smarter after drinking several glasses of beer.News ReportBioinformaticsScriptIt's a complex name for a complex subject. Bioinformatics is the key tofiguring out the wealth of information in the human genome project.Researchers have nearly mapped out all of the 30,000 genes that makeup human DNA, but making sense of useful data is not easy.The company Double Twist is a pioneer in the business ofbioinformatics.[SOUND BITE]Double Twist works mainly with information that is alsoavailable to the public, sifting through data to find what mayhelp link a biological problem like cancer, to its possiblecure.[SOUND BITE]The company then sells software and data to pharmaceutical companies,biotech companies, and academic institutions, which use them in theirwork. This provides a solution to help people better understand datafrom the human genome project.[SOUND BITE]Bioinformatics speeds up drug development and provides moreaccurate research.[SOUND BITE]Human Genome Sciences takes the process one step further. It usesbioinformatics to develop drugs using its own genomic information.[SOUND BITE]Right now, Human Genome Sciences has four new drugs being testedthat are the results of genomic research. Bioinformatics systemsdeveloped within the company played an important role in discoveringthese drugs.[SOUND BITE]Bioinformatics can also bring much quicker returns for investors.[SOUND BITE]Even though its role is crucial, bioinformatics if only a small part of theoverall $305 billion biotech sector, accounting for only about $2.23billion.But some investors believe that bioinformatics has great potential.[SOUND BITE]So unless drug companies start developing their own bioinformaticssystems or partner with companies that can provide them, they may getleft behind in the race to discover new drugs.Uint9IL Basic Listening Practice13.ScriptM: Third World countries must improve their economies if they want toraise their citizen's standard of living.W: But how can they do that when developed countries control worldtrade?Q: Which of the following is true?14.ScriptW: What did Professor Smith mean when he said that when Americasneezes, Britaincatches a cold?M: He meant that what is happening to America's economy today willhave an effect on Britain's economy in the future.Q: What did the professor say?3. ScriptM: Your government gives financial subsidies to certain industries,creating unfair competition. This is wrong.W: But your government sets up import tariffs, which have the sameeffect.Q: What can we learn from this conversation?4. ScriptM: The price of oil is going through the roof. It is going to causeeconomic pain all over the world.W: I think the high price of oil is good. It will make people more carefulin using their cars, and also make them seek alternative fuels whichwill probably be better for the environment.Q: What do the man and the woman think about the high price of oil?5. ScriptW: Industries that pollute should either be closed down or made to cleanup their act. Fm tired of breathing dirty air.M: It's not that simple. People need jobs and that means we need industry.Besides, the sunset looks especially beautiful through the smog.Q: What does the man say about smog?Keys: l.A 2.C 3. D 4.B 5.AIII. Listening InTask 1: Is GDP really so important ?ScriptJoan: It seems like a miracle that China's GDP has been growing sofast. The growth last year was over eight percent again.Vincent: Excuse me, it just slipped my mind. What does GDP stand for?Joan: It stands for gross domestic product.Vincent: Since China's GDP is increasing so rapidly, its economy mustbe healthy.Joan: It's hard to say. Along with the economic growth, there aresome problems. Pollution; less farmland; a wide economic gapbetween the coastal areas and the interior, between the urbanand the rural residents, and between the high-income groupsand the low-income groups; to name just a few.Vincent: What do you suggest for the Chinese economy then?Joan: I'm not an economist, and I'm not in a position to give advice.But I notice the Chinese government is shifting its focus fromGDP growth to more balanced, sustainable economic and socialdevelopment.Vincent: So, you mean GDP may not be an accurate indicator of acountry' economic performance?Joan: Yeah. In my opinion, GDP is simply a gross measure of marketactivity, of money changing hands. It makes no distinctionwhatsoever between the desirable and undesirable.Vincent: Now, I understand why some years ago the GDP of the UnitedStates went up, but the President failed to win re-election.Joan: Right. In spite of the larger GDP, American people found lifeharder. Many worked longer hours for less pay. Only the richforged ahead.Vincent: Your talk was really enlightening. I'm getting more interested ineconomics.31 . What is true of China's GDP growth for the recent two years?32 .What is the new goal for the Chinese government?33. What does the woman say about the GDP figure?34. What happened to the President after the American GDP went upsome years ago?35. What is the dialog mainly concerned about?Keys: l.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.BTask 2: A Cheap Parking LotScriptBefore going to Europe on business, a woman drove her new Rolls-Royceto a (SI) downtown bank in New York City and went in to ask for a (S2)loan of $5,000. The bank officer said the bank would need some kind of(S3) security for the loan, so the women handed over the keys to herRolls-Royce.The car was parked on the street in front of the bank. The bank (S4)agreed to accept the car as collateral for the loan. The bank's presidentand its officers all enjoyed a good laugh at the woman for using a$250,000 Rolls-Royce as collateral (S5) against a $5,000 loan. Anemployee of the bank then (S6) proceeded to drive the Rolls into thebank's underground garage and parked it there.Two weeks later, the woman walked throuh the bank's doors and asked to(S7) settle up her loan and get her car back. U(S8) That will be $5,000principal, and $20.30 in interest,“ the loan officer said. The woman wroteout a check and started to walk away.“Wait, Miss,“ the loan officer said, "(S9) We're very happy to have hadyour business, and this transaction has worked out very nicely but we area little puzzled. While you were away, we checked you out and found thatyou are a multi-millionaire. What puzzles us is why you would bother toborrow $5,000.^^The woman replied: "(S10) Where else in Manhattan can I park my carfor two weeks for only $20.30 and expect it to be there when I return?”Task3: Doha RoundScriptRich and poor nations struck an historic deal on Sunday to cut billions ofdollars in farm subsidies, create more open industrial markets, andresume world trade talks that could boost global growth.After five days of negotiations, the World Trade Organization's 147member states formally agreed on a framework that lays down theguidelines for its Doha Round, which has been in trouble since thecollapse of talks almost a year ago in Cancun, Mexico. Failure in thenegotiations could have delayed further trade liberalization for years.After an all-night negotiation, key WTO members, including the UnitedStates, the EU, Brazil, and Japan, on Saturday had agreed to theelimination of export subsidies at a date yet to be set, which has longbeen a key developing-country demand, to limit other subsidies, and tolower tariff barriers.Rich nations welcomed the new deal, which commits them to a plan tocut back on the huge subsidies they spend on farmers and give developingnations better access to world markets. U.S. Trade Representative RobertZoellick called the agreement a "crucial step for global trade”. He said,“Tonight, 147 economies have ensured that 2004 will go down as aproductive year for the Doha trade negotiation. There's a lot of work yetto be done. But today's framework is a milestone.^^A delegate from Mauritius, which has taken a leading part in the WTOtalks on behalf of African nations, said the so-called Group of 90developing countries could live with the text even if it did not geteverything it wanted. The agreement makes it clear that the poorestcountries will not be forced to contribute to market opening in any area,including services.32. Why of the following would be the best title for the passage?33. How many countries participated in the WTO negotiations and howlong did the negotiations last?34. What will happen to export subsidies after the negotiations?35. Who are supposed to reduce their agricultural subsidies?36. What are poor countries supposed to do?Keys: l.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Shop till you drop.Susan: Still reading about how the bubble's going to burst in the U.S.economy?John: Yeah, and this is an interesting article called, “Shop Till YouDrop.^^Susan: The rhyme between "shop" and "drop" is cathy, but what does itmean?John: "Shop" and "drop"? You know: buy, buy, and buy, until you falldown from exhaustion.Susan: Is that what the author is telling people to do一go out and spendmoney.John: No, he's afraid that consumer consumption is too high at 70percent of the GDP.Susan: You mean 70 percent of the gross domestic product in theUnited States?John: That's right. France and Japan are worried with 55 percent ofthe GDP.Susan: What's behind this big rush to buy things in America?John: I Apparently the search for status symbols: luxury cars, holidayhomes.Susan: Amazing. So many people earn enough to buy a Mercedes andtwo houses.John: They don't; they buy on credit. And too much debt may burstthe bubble.MODEL2 The Chinese are working miracles.ScriptSusan: Hey, John!John: Hey! Look at this headline! China's foreign trade should reach$1 trillion this year!Susan: Are you sure the figure is correct? How can they keep up suchrapid growth for so many years running?John: A senior official of the Ministry of Commerce said so in BeijingWednesday.Susan: As far as I know, China's foreign trade volume was already$851.2 billion last year, a 37.1 percent jump over the previousyear. That volume ranked fourth in the world, following onlythe United States, Germany, and Japan.Susan: But the Chinese are working miracles. In the first half of thisyear, foreign trade reached $523 billion, up 39.1 percent overlast year.John: I wonder how it can grow so fast.Susan: The U.S. economy has been very good. Booming consumptionhas created opportunities for China's exports.Susan: Is that the only one reason China's exports have increased? Noother factors?John: China encourages exports. Exporters can get rebates from thecustoms department.Susan: What's happening with Chinese imports?John: Well, China has met her commitments to the World TradeOrganization since she joined two and half years ago. She hasgradually been decreasing tariffs and strengthening intellectualproperty rights. She has opened her doors to the outside worldwider. All these changes have led to an increase in her imports.Susan: You seem to be looking at China through rose-colored glasses.John: China is not without her problems. Some of her state-ownedindustries have only a blunt competitive edge. They have aweak anti-risk capability. Some industries still depend on tradeprotectionism.Susan: John, I really admire your wide knowledge. I think you51 1 be inline for Nobel Prize in Economics some day.John: You5re just pulling my leg again.M0DEL3 I don't know what to say in the seminar.ScriptNora: Hey John, Professor Brown asked us to discuss the economic gapbetween the rich and poor nations. But I don't know what to say inthe seminar.John: If you don't know anything, don't say anything.Nora: But participation counts for 20 percent of the total grade. Will youtell me what you're going to talk about?John: Will, according to a report by the World Economic Forum, thetechnology gap between rich and poor countries is closing.Nora: Sounds too good to be true. Only a few years ago, I heard that thegap between the North and the South was widening. Many peoplein developing countries are still struggling below the poverty line.John: Different people may have different opinions on this issue. TheWorld Bank also says the gap is narrowing.Nora: Still, it sounds stange to me. How could it be possible now that theUnited States and other industrialized nations are developing IT sofast?John: But it's easier for others to copy new technology. Experts say thetechnological advantages of the developed countries are gettingsmaller.Nora: I'm still unconvinced. Does a narrower technology gap nessarilymean a narrower economic gap?John: Today, information tecnology is the most powerfull engine foreconomic growth, so the narrowed technology gap leads to anarrowed economic gap.Nora: OK, Fve learned a lot from you. Now I feel more confident aboutthe seminar.Now Your Turn\Task 1SAMPLE DIALOGPamela: Still reading about how the bubble's going to burst in the realestate market?Simon: Yeah, and this is an interesting article, though what it saysmay not be true.I think the market is going to be stable.Pamela: I agree. At present, the government's policy seems to bestabilizingproperty prices. But I don't understand why some people spendso much money on real estate? What was behind this big rush tobuy houses last year?Simon: Since the interest rates on bank savings were quite low, andthe stock market remained a bear market for a long time, it'snot surprising that investment in housing property rose.Pamela: Were there any other reasons for the race to buy houses lastyear?Simon: Yeah, a number of other reasons: Some buyers searched forstatus symbols, some wanted to live more comfortably, andstill others expected further rises in property values.Pamela: Amazing. So many people earn enough to buy a largeapartment or even two houses.Simon: Most of them don't; they buy on credit.Pamela: The article says too much debt may burst the bubble.Simon: But I think the market will remain stable, at least in the nearfuture.V. Lefs TalkScriptJournalist: Professor Williams, some people argue that the GDP does notreflect the true nature of the economy. What's your opinionof the GDP measurement?Professor: The GDP is a core index in the calculation of a nationaleconomy. But it shows only whether the economy has grownin a region or a country. What isn't taken into account is theprice being extacted from our natural resources andenvironment to support growth. China's more than eightpercent annual GDP growth in the past depended a lot onhigh energy consumption and uncontrolled discharge ofwastes.Journalist: Can “green GDP“ solve the problems?Professor: As a brand-new method of calculating a national economy, the“green GDP“ index system takes into consideration boththe economy and environmental costs. It deductsenvironmental costs from the traditional gross domesticproduct. In other words, green GDP equals traditional GDPminus the costs of resources and environmental damage.Green GDP can be regarded as “the genuine GDP”, for it notonly reflects economic growth, but also shows the quality ofthat growth.Journalist: How will the agreen GDP“ influence enterprises?Professor: The system will have direct and far-reaching influence onenterprises. Some enterprises attach importance only to costsdirectly related to their growth, but turn a blind eye to seriousdamage to resources and the environment. On the other hand,the macroeconomic departments need to analyze the realeconomic balance sheet. It is necessary for those departmentsto calculate the environmental costs in resulting from theactivities of enterprises. The “green GDP“ index system willeffectively restrict an enterprise's impulse to expand at theexpense of resources and the environment. In the long run,the benefits green GDP brings will outweigh the demandsimposed on enterprises. China is planning to introduce the“green GDP“ index system to ensure balanced, sustainabledevelopment and secure the prosperity of future generations.ProblemsThe GDP does not take the costs of naturalresourcesand the environment into account. China'sgrowth inthe past depended a lot on high energyconsumptionand uncontrolled discharge of wastes.Definition of GreenGDPThe “green GDP“index system takes intoconsiderat­ion both the economy and environmental costs.Green GDP equals traditional GDP minus thecosts of resou-rces and environmental damage.Influence onEnterprisesThe "green GDP"index system will effectivelyrestr-ict an enterprise's impulse to expand at theexpenseof resources and the environment. In the longrun,the benefits green GDP brings will outweighthedemands imposed on enterprises.ProspectsChina is planning to introduce the “greenGDP''in-dex system to ensure balanced, sustainabledevelo-pment and secure the prosperity of futuregenerations.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl: How was the problem resolved ?ScriptThe management of Mecon Insurance Corporation explained to angryemplyees that their opposition to a management buyout, or MBO, arosefrom a misunderstanding. The employees believed that with an MBO, themanagement intended to acquire controlling shares in the insurance firm,which was owned by the government and was undergoing privatization,supported by the Bureau of Public Enterprise.The Managing Director of Mecon, Ms. Presley Bates, gave thisexplanation: According to the proposed MBO, the staff and managementof the firm would jointly acquire controlling shares in the firm一a processthat took place with Guangdong Insurance Corporation not long ago.When the MBO was first proposed, workers in the company foughtagainst it, saying that they hoped to join the management in buying theinsurance firm. They accused the Bates-led management of trying tobypass employees. But the workers have since come to understand thenature of the acquisition and have given their full support to the MBOproposal.Answering questions from reporters, Bates said that theworkers?opposition was “a matter of their misunderstanding of theacquisition process, thinking the management left out employees in theMBO”.Giving detail of how the problem was finally resolved, Bates disclosedthat the firm organized a seminar to inform the workers that,"Everybodywould be involved, not just the management.^^ She also recalled that itwas made clear to the workers at the seminar that job losses wereinevitable, no matter what happened. She said, “There would be joblosses, and they would be from top to bottom. If the MBO fails, andanother investor takes over, the management would probably be the firstcasualty, depending on the decision of the investor.^^31 . What did the employees first fear would happen to their insurancecorporation?32 .What did the Managing Director clarify?33 .From what source did the employees learn the truth about the fate oftheir company?34 . According to the passage, if an outside investor took over the company,what would happen?5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?Keys: l.C 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.BTask 2: Price rises but inflation stays /ow.ScriptPetrol, up. Eating out, up. School fees, up. Everyone in Britain seems tobe talking about price rises, but why then is inflation still so low?Professor Brown gave the seemingly difficult economic issue a simplyanswer: It is the low-priced “Made-in-China“ products that help keepinflation under control.In his presentation at an economic forum, Brown reminded theprice-sensitive Britons that Chinese-made commodities have not onlyhelped bring down the inflation figures, but also made the already richcountries like Britain richer.Consider the following figures. Over the past 10 years, the total cost ofliving in Britain, as measured by the official consumer price index, hasrisen by just 14 percent. But that very modest average increase hasincluded high inflation in some categories: school fees, for example, areup 62 percent, hairdressing up 58 percent, holidays up 52 percent, andeating out up 33 percent on average, with top London restaurant pricesshowing much faster growth. Why then has the total cost of livingremained so stable?The answer to the question, the professor said, is not just interesting in itsown right, but tells Britons a surprising amount about what is happeningtoday not only in Britain but in the world economy as a whole.Because the prices of mass-produced goods have been plunging: clothesprices down by 42 percent in a decade, shoes by 31 percent and consumerelectronics by 63 percent.Professor Brown said that this relates to China's entry into the globaleconomy. By becoming the workshop of the world, China has pusheddown the prices of all mass-produced goods.Keys: l.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.TTask3: Cars sell well in China.ScriptAlthough automobile prices in China are among the highest in the world,cars are still selling like hotcakes, the Beijing-based reported.Statistics show that China has been the top consumer of limousine brandssuch as Rolls-Royce and Bentley, and their sales volume accounts foralmost 20 percent of the total in the whole Asian continent.According to German figures, China has been the biggest market forBMW and Mercedes-Benz in the world, combined with a sales volumebetween 6,000 to 7,000 units every year.The newspaper said various famous international car makers arecompeting with one another now for more market share in China.Mercedes-Benz is cooperating with Chinese institutions on car researchand plans to establish a design center here. Meanwhile, Volkswagen, alsofrom Germany, has set up a new lab center in Beijing. The founding ofthese research and design centers indicates that the competition amongmultinational car producers in China now includes research in addition tosales.As a price gap exists between China's and the international auto market,the returns on luxury cars from the domestic market are much higher thanthe five-percent profit margin in the international market. Over 30 percentof the manufacturers5gains resulted from spare part sales.Considering the steadying market demand experts estimated that theprices of luxury cars would not decrease by large margins this year.The newspaper noted that major consumers of luxury cars in China areentrepreneurs, professional managers of foreign companies, professionalswith high incomes,and young white-collar workers.News ReportHighlights of the Detroit International Auto ShowScriptThe latest concept cars were unveiled at the North American InternationalAuto Show in Detroit on Monday.More than 700 cars featuring the latest styles and technology will be ondisplay for public viewing from January 12th through the 21 st.One of the cars on display, Honda's pilot Sports Utility Vehicle, is madeof an impressive 90 percent recyclable material. Designed to be familyfriendly, it has the largest cargo and passenger loading capability in itsclass.Another of Honda's concept cars, the Acura RD-X was created to performwell on both city and country roads. Targeting young urban professionals,the futuristic RD-X features rear seating that can be folded away toprovide extra cargo room, power rear doors that open to the side, makingit easy to load large items easily in even the tightest of spaces, and sidedoors that provide a large entry way in minimal space.The Mitsubishi Hybrid Sports Pack was designed with the outdoorsenthusiast in mind. It features a waterproof interior, a freshwater showercomplete with retractable shower head and refillable water tank built intothe exterior, seat-mounted backpacks, and a convertible top.Another one of Mitsubishi's concept cars, the Space Liner, was designedto use the car's interior space in new ways to provide the mostcomfortable ride possible. Envisioned as a car of the future, it gets itspower from fuel cells.Carmaker Suzuki also provided its share of innovative designs for thisyear's show.UintlOIL Basic Listening Practice15.ScriptW: Many Chinese students are too shy to say anything in a classroom.M: I think they don't speak because their culture values modesty, andthey don't want to appear to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why don't Chinese students say anything in classroom according tothe man?16.ScriptW: The government is doing something at last about sex discriminationin the workplace. Women deserve the same pay as men for the samework.M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what mendo for the same job. Ifs a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about women?3. ScriptW: I admire Michael Dell. He had a dream to be the world's largestmanufacturer of personal computers, and he has realized that dream.M: And he dropped out of university to become a success. I wonder ifthere is a lesson in that.Q: What do we learn about Dell from the conversation?4. ScriptM: Successful entrepreneurs are often self-made people who have avision and know where they are going.W: But do they enjoy life like you and me, or is money their onlyconcern?Q: What are the two speakers5 attitudes toward successful entrepreneurs?5. ScriptW: Do you agree that equal opportunity for all in an educational systemis important?M: Yes, but we have to recognize that all of us are not of equal ability.Q: What does the man imply?Keys: l.C 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.AIII. Listening InTask 1: Competition in AmericaScriptAlan: What are you reading, Eliza?Eliza: An article on American competition.Alan: Competition is everywhere and constant. Why so much fuss aboutit, Miss Knowledge?Eliza: Don't make fun of me. According to the author, competition isespecially important in American life. They're taught to competefrom early childhood. When children play games, they learn howto beat others.Alan: And many girls want to look more attractive than the girls sittingnext to them in class. Do you think that way?Eliza: Don't be silly. Let's get back to the point. When children aregrowing up, they compete with one another in their studies.Alan: Isn't that also true of students in other nations? As we all know,many Asian students kill for a high test score and grab everyopportunity to sharpen their competitive edge over others.Eliza: American boys find great pleasure in competing with each other insports, according to the author.Alan: I do like sports. When our football team beats the other team, I feelgreat. Makes me want to shout out loud. But isn't that normalthroughout the world?Eliza: American people also compete with each other at work and atclimbing the social ladder.Alan: But there's competition in other countries as well.Eliza: You're right in a sense, but the author says the idea of competingis more deeply rooted in the minds of Americans. They're eventaught that if you lose and don,t feel hurt, there must be somethingwrong with you.Alan: I hear that some Asians put emphasis on cooperation. Whichapproach do you think makes more sense?Eliza: It's hard to say. Anyway, there?s no accounting for differentcultures.36. What is the dialog mainly about?37. What is the woman doing?38. What do children learn from playing games according to the woman?39. What does the man say about students' studies?40. What does the woman say when asked which makes more sense,competition or cooperation?Keys: l.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.DTask 2: Americans? Work EthicScriptFor four hundred years or more, one thing has been a characteristic ofAmericans. It is called their “work ethic”. Its (SI) roots were in theteaching of the Christian Puritans who first settled in (S2) what is now thenortheastern state of Massachusetts. They believed that it was their (S3)moral duty to work at every task to please God by their(S4) diligence, honesty, attention to details, skill, and attitude. To thesePuritans, it was a (S5) sin to be lazy or to do less than your best in anytask. They and later Americans tried to follow the Bible's (S6) teachings,“If a man will not work, he shall not eat.^^Therefore, Americans have for (S7) centuries believed that they wereguilty of sin if they did not work as carefully and hard as they could whenthey did anything. God would punish those who were careless or lazy intheir work. (S8) Even as children they were taught, "If it's worth doing atall、it's worth doing well.”But some people have gone beyond the usual sense of diligence. They areespecially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder“ so as toincrease their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. (S9) InEnglish a new word has been created to describe people who workcompulsivelly. The word “workaholic“ describes an individual who is asaddicted to work as an alcoholic is to alcohol.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concernedwith problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselvesphysically and mentally. (S10) Others hold that workaholics are valuablemembers of society because they are extremely productive. The Americanculture values achievement, efficiency, and production, and a workaholicupholds these values.Task 3: Do you know what ^tFreeze!^^ means?ScriptThere is one word which you must learn before you visit the U.S.A. Thatis “Freeze!” It means, "Stand still and don't move.^^ Police officers use itwhen they are ready to use their guns. If the person does not obey thecommand and moves, they shoot.One evening in Los Angeles, someone rang the bell doorbell of a house.It was a dangerous area at night, so the owner of the house took his gunwith him when he answered the door. He opened the door and saw aperson, who turned round and started walking away from the house. Theowner cried “Freeze!”, but the man went on walking. The owner thoughthe tried to escape, so he shot him dead.Later, a sad story was uncovered. The dead man was Yoshiro Hattori, a16-year-old Japanese exchange student. He went to visit a friend for aHalloween party, but he could not remember the number of the house.When he realized that he had gone to the wrong house, he turned round toleave. He did not know much English and so did not understand thecommand “Freeze!”.The tragedy arose from cultural misunderstanding. Those who have livedin the United States for a long time understand the possibility of beingshot when one trespasses upon an individuaFs property. It is awell-known fact in America that a person's home is his castle. AlthoughRodney Pears, the owner of the house, gave a verbal warning “Freeze!” toHattori, Hattori did not know it meant “Stand still and don't move”, andtherefore did not obey it. This misunderstanding became the trigger ofHattori's disaster. The concept of owning guns is hard for Japanesepeople to understand, but in America you are permitted to own a gununder the U.S. Constitution.l.What does the word “Freeze!” mean in the passage?2. What did the owner of the house take with him when he answered thedoor?3. Why did the Japanese student turn around and leave?4. What is mentioned as a possible result of trespassing?5. Why is the phrase “a person's home is his castle^^ quoted in thepassage?Keys: l.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.CIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Americans glorify individualism.Susan: John, I was looking for you. Where have you been hiding allmorning?John: Well, I caught Professor Brown's lecture on Americanindividualism.Susan: Oh, how did you find it?John: Enlightening. Americans glorify individualism. They believeindividual interests rank above everything else.Susan: Sounds intersting. It's a sharp contrast to the orientalcollectivism Professor Wang talked about last semester.John: But you should know that the individualism in the United Statesis not necesssarily an equivalent for selfishness.Susan: Then what does it mean in the States?John: They believe all values, rights, and duties originate inindividuals, so they emphasize individual initiative andindependence.Susan: There could be something in that. Of course in orientalcountries the interests of the group are more important thananything else.John: I So, it's all the more necessary for foreigners to understandAmerican culture, or they can't hope to understand theimportance of privacy in the West..Susan: Maybe that's the reason nuclear families outnumber extendedfamilies in the United States.John: Right on! You're catching on fast!Susan: Now let me ask you a question.John: Shoot. Go ahead.Susan: Why do Americans cherish individualism more than orientalpeople?John: I don't know. Anyway, Professor Brown didn't say.Susan: One reason might be that American children stop sleeping withtheir parents at an early age. They learn independence early, soit's deeply rooted.John: Wow, that's an intelligent guess!MODEL2 What do you think are the reasons forthat difference?ScriptSusan: Do you find that people in America often walk faster thanpeople in China? Americans always seem to be in a hurry.John: It's hard to come to a definite conclusion. Some Americanswalk in a leisurely way, and some Chinese hurry all the time.But on the whole, I think you're right.Susan: What do you think are the reasons for that difference?John: Americans treasure time. For them, time is tangible. It's a thing.“Time is money.^^ You can “spend "waste time", "savetime”. You can even “kill time”!Susan: Does this strong sense of time affect their lifestyle?John: Sure. If you're 20 minutes late for a bussiness appointment, theother person or persons will be annoyed. They may not trustyou anymore.Susan: But as far as I know, English-speaking people may be 15-30minutes late for a dinner party.John: That's true. For an informal occasion 1 汰e that, punctuality isnot so important. Also, a boss may keep his employees waitingfor a long time.Susan: But if his secretary is late, she's in trouble. She will probablyreceive a reprimand.John: How true!Susan: The American workship of time probably led them to create fastfoods.John: I agree. And globalization shrinks the differences betweencultures. Now people everywhere are rushing, and anywhereyou go, you find Kentucky Fried Chicken.Susan: But plenty of Chinese are still making appointments saying, 4tIfI am late, wait for me.^^John: But with more intercultural communication, I think the gap willeventually be bridged, and Chinese will be hurryingeverywhere.MODELS That's the secret of their success.ScriptChris: Hey Sue, how's the math class going? Are you head of theclass?Susan: Are you kidding? There's a bunch of foreign students in theclass—from China somewhere---and they are on top.Chris: Why do you think so many Chinese students excel in math? Ifsbeen my observation that the Chinese students are usually thebest.Susan: In class they don't say much, but they definitely get the bestmarks.Chris: I think part of it is their work ethic. They never skin class, andthey pay attention.Susan: One Chinese student in my class did homework each night untilthe early hours. He never took a break, watched TV, or went outfor a beer.Chris: That's the secret of their success: hard work and deligence.Susan: It's so unfair. I could probably do better if I worked harder, butthat's no fun. I think learning should be more fun.Chris: Someone with a knowledge of chess would find a chesstournament fascinating. But if you don't have the knowledge,then you won't understand the significance of the moves, andyou'll be bored.Susan: So what you're saying is knowledge requires hard work, andknowledge makes things interesting. I am not againstknowledge： I just want to learn it in an interesting way. What'smore, t4All work and noplay makes Jack a dull boy.^^Now Your TurnTask 1:SAMPLE DIALOGMaggie: Josh, you were late for work this morning.Josh: I was only about ten minutes late. Anyway, the boss didn't sayanything about it.Maggie: As a friend, I must give you a warning. You should understandthat Americans treasure time.Josh: What do you mean?Maggie: You see, for them time is tangible. It's a thing. "Time is money.^^You can “spend time", "waste time", "save time”. You can even“kill time”！Josh: Does this strong sense of time affect their lifestyle?Maggie: If you're 20 minutes late for a business appointment, the otherpersons will be annoyed. They may not trust you anymore.Today you were ten minutes late for work. That was badenough.Josh: I was caught in a traffic jam. What could I have done?Maggie: You should have called the secretary to say you might be late. Ilearned the importance of punctuality when I studied at anAmerican university.Josh: Tell me about it.Maggie: Some students were late handing in assignments and theprofessors gave them poor marks. One professor even refusedto read a term paper that was turned in after the deadline.Josh: But as far as I know, English-speaking people may be 15-30minutes late for a dinner party.Maggie: That's true. For an informal occasion like that, punctuality is notso important. Also, a boss may keep his employees waiting fora long time.Josh: But if his secretary is late, she's in trouble. She will probably bereprimanded.Maggie: How true!V. Lefs TalkScriptCulture shock happens to most people who travel abroad. Psychologiststell us that there are five distinct phases of culture shock.During the first few days of a person's stay in a new country, everythingusually goes fairly smoothly. The newcomer is excited about being in anew place where there are new sights and sounds, new smells and tastes.They may find themselves staying in hotels or with a home-stay familythat is excited to meet the foreign stranger. This first stage of cultureshock is called the "honeymoon phase”.Unfortunately, this phase often comes to an end fairly soon. Thenewcomer may encounter many problems in transportation, shopping, orinterpersonal communication. You may feel that people no longer careabout your problems. You might even start to think that the people in thehost country don't like foreigners. This may lead to the second stage ofculture shock, known as the "rejection phase”. The newcomer may startto complain about and reject the host culture.If you don't survive stage two successfully, you may find yourselfmoving into stage three: the ''regression phase”. The word “regression”means moving backward, and in this phase of culture shock, you spendmuch of your time speaking your own language, watching videos fromyour home country, and eating food form home. Also, you may rememberonly the good things about your home country.If you survive the third stage successfully, you will move into the fourthstage of culture shock called the "recovery phase”. In this stage youbecome more comfortable with the customs of the host country. You startto realize that no country is that much better than another- they are justdifferent.Much later, when you return to your homeland, you may find yourselfentering the fifth phase of culture shock—the "reverse culture shock”.After you have become comfortable with the habits and customs of a newlifestyle, you may find that you are no longer completely comfortable inyour home country. It may take a little while to become at ease with yourhome culture.If you overcome the problems in all five phases, you will be muchstronger, and you will be a citizen of the world.Honeymoon PhaseEverything usually goes fairly smoothly.Rejection PhaseThe newcomer may encounter many problemsin transportation,shopping,or internationalcommunication You may feel that peoplet nolonger care about your problems, and they don'tlike foreigner。

The newcomer may start tocomplain about and reject the host culture.Regression PhaseYou spend much of your time speaking yourown languaee. watching videos from your homecountry, and eating food from home. You mayremember only the good things about yourhome country.Recovery PhaseYou become more comfortable with thecustoms of the host country. You start to realizethat no country is that much better thananother--they are just different.Reverse CultureShockYou are no longer completely comfortable inyour home country. It may take a little while tobecome at ease with your home culture.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask 1: PunctualityScriptTo Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people'stime. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls foran apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late oftencall ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal thesituation, the less important it is to be exactly on tome. At informalget-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutespast the appointed time. But they usually don't try that at work.American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others.When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks inadvance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to chance it.If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usuallycall first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just“drop in“ unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at nightfor fear they might be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks thinktwice about calling after 10:00 p.m.To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in some Easterncultures value relationships more than schedules. In these societies,people don't try to control time, but to experience it. Many Easterncultures, for example, view time as a cycle. The rhythm of nature-fromthe passing of seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon---shapes theirview of events. If they have wasted some time or let an opportunity passby, they are not very worried, knowing that more time and opportunitieswill come in the next cycle. But Americans often want to jump at the firstopportunity. They are unwilling to stand by idly and give up theopportunity.The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed that view of timelike this: "Do you love life? Then do now waste time, for that is the stufflife is made of.”35 .According to the passage, when people are late in America, what dothey do?36 . According to the passage, what do Americans do after the time for anappointment is fixed?37 .How do people in some Eastern countries view relationships andschedules?38 .According to the passage, why aren't some Eastern people worried ifthey let an opportunity pass by?5. What was Benjamin Franklin's view of time?Keys: l.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5,DTask 2: Our Personal SpacesScriptOur personal space, that piece of the universe we occupy and call ourown, is contained within an invisible boundary surrounding our body. Asthe owners of this area, we usually decide who may enter and who maynot. When our space is invaded, we react in a variety of ways. We backup and retreat, stand our ground as our hands become moist fromnervousness, or sometimes even react violently. Our response shows notonly our unique personality, but also our cultural background.For example, cultures that stress individualism such as England, theUnited States, Germany, and Australia generally demand more space thancollective cultures do, and tend to become aggressive when their space isinvaded. This idea of space is quite different from the one found in theMexican and Arab cultures. In Mexico, the physical distance betweenpeople when engaged in conversation is closer than what is usual north ofthe border. And for middle easterner, typical Arab conversations are atclose range. Closeness cannot be avoided.As is the case with most of our behavior, our use of space is directlylinked to the value system of our culture. In some Asian cultures, forexample, employees do not stand near their bosses; the extended distancedemonstrates respect. Extra interpersonal distance is also part of thecultural experience of the people of Scotland and Sweden, for whom itreflects privacy. And in Germany, private space is sacred.Keys: l.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.FTask 3: We don't know what to do with them.ScriptA Russian, a Cuban, an American businessman, and an American lawyerwere passengers on a fast train speeding across the French countryside.As time wore on, the men gradually became friendly with one another,introducing themselves and shaking hands. Eventually, the Russian tookout a large bottle of vodka and poured each of his traveling companions adrink. Just as the American businessman was sipping the vodka andpraising its fine quality, the Russian hurled the half-full bottle out of theopen window.“What did you do that for?” asked the startled American businessman.“Vodka is plentiful in my country/' said the Russian, “In fact, we havethousands and thousands of liters of it---far more than we need.”The American businessman shook his head and leaned back in his seat,obviously baffled by the Russian's reasoning.A little later, the young Cuban passed around a box of fine Havana cigars.The men enjoyed this treat and made admiring remarks about thepleasures of smoking good Havana cigars. At that very moment theCuban took a couple of puffs of his cigar and then tossed it out of theopen window.“I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year,“ the Americanbusinessman said. "Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away. I findyour actions quite puzzling.^^“Cigars,“ the Cuban replied, 4tare a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have moreof them than we know what to do with/'The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up,grbbed the lawyer, and threw him out of the window.News ReportRussian Popcorn FestivalScriptAmerican popcorn has made its way into the heart of Russian culture.Organizers and participants came together on Sunday at a Moscowfestival marking the tenth anniversary of the introduction of popcorn toRussia.It was exactly ten years ago, on December 16, 1991, that popcorn,considered an American delicacy here, first made its appearance in thisland famous for its artists.To celebrate the occasion, ten “artists“ decided to recreate a famousRussian painting in, you guessed it, popcorn. It took the ten artists a totalof six hours of painstaking work to complete the popcorn painting. Theresult of this long ordeal was a 120 square meter popcorn mosaic.The Russian Records Agency, the local equivalent of the Guinness Bookof World Records, was at the Manezh exhibition complex to witness theevent. A ceremony was held in front of onlookers to officially register therecord.[SOUND BITE]The ceremony was immediately followed by a popcorn lovers5 feast, withfestival-goers consuming large amounts of the much-loved snack. Boththe young and the old eagerly took part in the festive celebrations. Someparticipants voiced their support for the unusual event.[SOUND BITE]There were also those who talked about feeling a sense of camaraderieamong their fellow popcorn enthusiasts.[SOUND BITE]The celebrations continued for hours and even included some liveperformances.Clean up for the event was no problem- there were many eageronlookers on hand to clean up—and eat---the delicious mess.。