专四atalk技巧资料.ppt

TEM 4 听力 ---TALK,,第一部分：考试介绍 第二部分：题型分析 第三部分：语言特征分析（重点） 第四部分：应试技巧 （重点）,2,1. 考试介绍 要求：“能听懂英语国日常生活、社会生活和学习的演讲和会话理解大意，领会说话者的态度、感情和真实意图能做简单笔记，能辨识各种英语变 设计：一篇500字长度的微型讲座和一项填空任务，要求考生边听边做笔记，然后完成10题填空；填空以提纲形式出现3,1. 考试介绍 选材特点：自2004新大纲后以“英语专业知识和通识课程”为选题内容,4,1. 考试介绍,5,1. 考试介绍 文体特点： 讲座文体正式（但话语标记有时正式有时非正式），语言规范，逻辑严密，结构分明； 含有专业名词或术语（e.g. lingua franca ）； 时间分配（一般）： 8分钟左右讲座（边听边记录） 2分钟检查笔记,6,2. 题型分析 2.1 关键信息题型* 一级要点：讲座提纲的大标题 二级要点：讲座提纲的小标题 2.2 推理判断题型** 根据听到的内容和记录的笔记推理而出，一般会有多种正确答案 2.3 概括总结题型*** 在理解讲座原话的基础上进行概括、总结，有一定难度,7,2.1 关键信息题型 一级要点：讲座提纲的主要节点/大标题 要点排列有序，此类题目一般笔记不遗漏要点就能准确回答,8,2.1 关键信息题型 二级要点：讲座提纲的次要节点/小标题 二级要点在一级要点之下，一般是列举、阐述、解释、分类等细节信息；题目很直观，解题有赖于认真仔细的记录和准确记忆,9,(1)熟悉一般学术讲座的结构 Opening 开场白 Thesis 主题 Connection 承接 Body 正文 Summary 总结 Closing 收尾,10,,3. 讲座结构和标记话语,讲座的结构实例分析 ——2008 (1) Opening 开场白： “Good morning, everyone.” Thesis 主题： “Today‘s lecture is about the popularity of English.” Connection 承接： “Although English is NOT the language with the largest number of native or “first” language speakers, .what is a lingua franca? The term refers to…” “Then, actually how many people speak English as either a ‘first’ or a ‘ second ’ language…”,11,讲座的结构实例分析 ——2008 (2) Body 正文 “Then, we may ask a question…” “First is the historical reason… ” “Now, the second major factor… ” “And the third factor related to the popular use of English is …” “Another factor has something to do with information exchange …” “The last factor I cite here concerns popular culture…”,12,讲座的结构实例分析 ——2008 (3) Summary 总结 “Now, to sum up, in today’s lecture, we have reviewed some of the reasons…” Closing 收尾 “OK, this brings us to the end of today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention. ”,13,Practice,Please identify the following parts in the manuscript of Section A Talk in TEM4-2016 Opening 开场白 Thesis 主题 Connection 承接 Body 正文 Summary 总结 Closing 收尾,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记(十二类) Introducing 介绍/导入 Giving background information 交代背景 Defining 定义 Listing 列举 Giving examples 举例 Emphasizing 强调 Clarifying/Explaining 解释 Moving on/Changing direction 承接/转接 Giving further information 递进 Giving contrasting information 转折 Classifying 分类 Concluding 总结,15,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Introducing 介绍/导入 Today，what I intend to say is Today， what I’d like to do is to discuss Today， what I intend to do is to explain In my talk today, / my topic today is Today, I’m going to talk about Today， I’m going to talk to you about In this talk, I would like to concentrate on Today，the subject of this talk is Indirect Way: I think as seniors, you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that, and in the end, you have to write a research paper. 2004,16,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving background information 交代背景 As we know As we have already seen As we have all read It’s clear that It goes without saying We all understand It is understood You’ll remember,17,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Defining 定义,18,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Listing 列举,19,,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving examples 举例 For example, For instance, You only have to think of Remember, Say, Take something for example,,20,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Emphasizing 强调 I want to stress I’d like to put emphasis on It’s important to remember that We should bear in mind that Don’t forget that The essential point is,21,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Clarifying/Explaining 解释 In other words, That is to say, To put it another way, By which I mean Or you could say The point I’m making is That is, Namely, i.e. That means It turns out that,22,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Moving on/Changing direction 承接/转接 That’s all I want to say about X. OK / Now / All right Having looked at … , I’d now like to consider I’d like now to move on to Turning now to So let’s turn to Moving on now to,23,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving further information 递进 Furthermore, Another point A further point In addition / Moreover / Similarly Apart from, Not only …, but We can add / I could add that Further / As well as / Besides,24,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Giving contrasting information 转折 Although However On the other hand Whereas Despite Nevertheless But Alternatively,25,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Classifying 分类,26,(2) 熟悉讲座常见的话语标记 Concluding 总结 That completes my lecture. We’ve seen that First we looked at … and we saw that Then we considered . and I argued that In short, To sum up In conclusion, I’d like to emphasize that,27,2017考题，话语标记标注实训 请将2017讲话中的录音文稿进行话语类型标记，之后请同学们举一反三，将往年真题进行总结归纳，平时听力训练中注意有意识地对这些“信号”形成积极回应。

28,4. 应试技巧之：如何记笔记,如何记 记什么 实际操练,如何记笔记,养成良好的版面布局和工整习惯 形成个性化的简写和符号体系养成良好的笔记习惯,形成个性化的简写和符号体系,一是多用简写 简写方法： 1. 只记前几个字母 2. 使用撇号代替中间字母 3. 利用常用的缩写 4. 根据发音改变拼写 5. 用汉字形成个性化的简写和符号体系,二是多用符号 1. 数学符号 2. 惯用符号 3. 图形符号 4. 趋向符号 5. 英文字母 6. 英文小写缩写 7. 数字笔记 8. 逻辑结构记录,常用符号,* = important ≤ = less or equal ≥ = more or equal ↑ = increase ↓ = decrease ∵ = because ∴ = therefore ∈ = belong to =＞ = conclude & = and,记忆常见符号，熟练运用，多用箭头，线条表示逻辑组织关系Explanation of Some Abbreviations and Symbols,o表示“人”people/person，因为“o”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。

例如：日本人：Jo P 表示政治：politics,那么politician就可以表示为 Po,Explanation o。