江苏省淮安市金湖二中高一英语《book 3 unit 1 fog》 grammar名词性从句详解.doc

Book 3 Unit 1 Grammar (名词性从句详解)在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句其关联词有连接词that, if, whether; 疑问代词who, whom ,whose ,what, which, whoever , whatever , whichever 和疑问副词when, where, how, why , whenever , wherever , however .等名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题        2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法      4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别             6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题名词性从句之异同名词性从句可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

在英语英语和运用中经常遇到，是高中英语中主要学习内容名词性从名在结构上有其许多相似之处，也有一些明显之不同一、名词性从句的相同之处1．相同的关连词A）连词that ,whether, if B) 连接代词who ,what ,which ,whose ,whoever , whatever 等C) 连接副词when ,where ,why ,how 等2．名词性从句均不能用逗号和主句分开；名词性从句用陈述语序名词性从句相同句法结构表引导连词thatwhether主语从句That he will come is certain.（that 不可省略）Whether she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.（不能用if）宾语从句I think (that )he’ll be all right in a few days.I went in and asked if(=whether)they had a cheap suit.I wonder whether it is true or not.表语从句The fact is that I have never been there.The question is whether it is worth doing.同位语从句The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us.They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.连接代词whatwho/whomwhosewhich主语从句Who will help him is not known.What he said is very important.Which side will win is not clear.宾语从句(1)作及物动词的宾语。

例如：I really don’t know what he is doing.Do you know who/whom they are waiting for?He asked whose dictionary it was.He can’t tell which method they will use for the experiment.(2)作介词的宾语例如：Pay attention to what the teacher said.I wondered to whom he had given the letter.表语从句That is what he is worried about.The question is who will come here.The question is which team will win the match.连接副词WhereWhenWhyhow主语从句Where she has gone is not known yet.When they will start is not known yet.Why he did it wasn’t quite clear.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.宾语从句I don’t know where we are going to have the meeting.Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.Do you know why he said that?Will you tell me how I can get to the railway station?表语从句That is where he was born.His is why he is late.This is how he did it.The question is when he will be back.同位语从句I have no idea when he will come back.You have no idea how worried I was.The problem is where we can get so much money.二、名词性从句句法结构不同用法区别：主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。

主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear.     他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚It is known to us how he became a writer.   我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布1.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式常用句型如下：1）It + be + 形容词（important , vital, necessary, essential , natural, strange, obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain，probable, etc.）+ that 从句。

例如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is probable that he told her everything.2）It + be + 名词(词组)（time , the first time , no wonder ,an honor ,a good thing ,a pity , a shame , no surprise ,etc .）+ that 从句例如：It is (high /about ) time that you started / should study seriously .It’s a pity that he should refuse to accept the offer .It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.3）It + be + 过去分词（ said ,reported , thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, suggested, recommended , proposed , requested ,required , demanded , desired , insisted , ordered , commanded etc. ）+that 从句。

例如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.It is desired that this rule be obeyed by everyone working here.4）It + seemed , happened, turned out , occurred to sb. 等不及物动词及短语+that从句例如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It happened that I was out that day.5) It + doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句例如：It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.6) 当that 引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it 作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。

例如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow?2．连接代词 whoever, whatever, whichever 可引导主语从句例如：Whoever comes will be welcome.Whatever he did was right.Whichever of you comes will receive a prize.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语1．如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置例如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2．作介词的宾语连词 that 引导的名词从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in 后。

其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词 that 引导，则。