定语从句详细讲解及练习(共15页).doc

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上定语从句详细讲解及练习一、基本概念： 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句如： 　　Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? 　　That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 　　定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 　　关系副词有：when, where, why. 对于定语从句的理解：1.定语从句是由一个句子做定语修饰某个名词或代词2.被修饰的这个名词或代词在从句中又要充当一定成份 可以把定语从句理解成是两个句子的合并如果两个句子有交叉（相同）部分，则可以把这个交叉的部分做成被修饰成份，构成一个含有定语从句的句子，如：原句： my younger brother is an artist, and he is good at Chinese art.→my younger brother who is good at Chinese art is an artist.The firemen haven’t managed to put out the fire, the fire broke out at 5 a.m.→The firemen haven’t managed to put out the fire which broke out at 5 a.m.The president will visit our school, and it is very exciting.→The president will visit our school, which is very exciting.二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 一句话语法：关系代词在从句中＝先行词，whose除外，whose＝先行词所有格1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： 　He is the man who/that lives next door. 　The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 在非正式英语中可省略 The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 3．作定语用whose, whose在定语从句中＝先行词的所有格 (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. （whose=the man’s）(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.(whose=the meeting’s) 注 whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，指物时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4．作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。

如： 　　He is no longer the man that he used to be. 　　This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法： 一句话语法：关系副词在从句中＝介词+先行词1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. （when=at the time）Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中如： every/each time…, the moment/minute/instant…. the day…Each time he came, he did his best to help us. The day I met my best friend for the first time, I was full of anger. 2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。

它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is the hotel where they are staying. （where=at the hotel）I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where有时也可以省略特别是先行词为place时，但其它词不提倡省略： This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略但高中语法不提倡使用： That is the real reason he did it(此句是对的,但最好还是加个why). (三) 使用关系词应注意下列几点： 1.关系词在从句中的地位是代替先行词的，关系代词which,that,who,whom＝先行词，关系代词whose=先行词的所有格，关系副词where=介词+先行词。

所以从句中再不能出现先行词或代表先行词的名词或代词，若出现就会句式杂糅e.g. This is a dictionary which I bought it yesterday.(误)This is the school where I studied at it.(误)2． 关系副词可以转换为 介词+关系代词which结构： 　　when = on (in, at, during…) + which; 　　where = in (at, on…) + which; 　　why = for which. 如： e.g.I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 3． 关系代词和关系副词的选择,关键看先行词在从句中充当什么成份：a.若充当主语，宾语，表语，定语用关系代词b.若充当状语（时间，地点，原因状语）应用关系副词。

C,判断先行词在从句中做何成份可以采取先行词还原法因为先行词（即被修饰的名词或代词）只可能是一个词，把它还原到从句中去，如果能直接放回去，句子不少词，即先行词在从句中做主语，宾语，或表语,若先行词放回从句中要加一些介词才能使句子通顺，则用关系副词，关系代词whose除外，它在从句相当于先行词后加所有格所以以后看见先行词是time, day等和place, hous，reason等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，不要盲目地就用关系副词试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. (when=on the day状语)I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.（which=the days作宾语） His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.（where=in a factory状语）His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.（which=factory主语）I rent a house whose windows are very large.(whose=house’s定语)Is this the reason why you are late?(why=for the reason状语)Is this the reason (which/that) you give me?(which=reason宾语)4． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

而why 只能引导限制性定语从句 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整如： 　　This is the telegram which he refers to. 　　Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开如： 　　This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. 　　As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why 3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有 唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。

试比较： His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （他只有一个兄弟） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个兄弟） 4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导如： He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would. 注：as和which的区别：as引导的定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、依据、解释或评论特点： (1)．as用于引导定语从句时，具有“正如……、像……、由……而知”等语义He was strongly aga。