21世纪大学英语读写教程课件第三册unit2.ppt

The Titanic PuzzleThe Titanic Puzzle21st Century College English: Book 321st Century College English: Book 3Unit 2: Part AUnit 2: Part ALanguage PointsLanguage PointsThe Titanic Puzzle Should a good feminist accept priority seating on a lifeboat?By Charles Krauthammer1You're on the Titanic II. It has just hit an iceberg and is sinking. And, as last time, there are not enough lifeboats. The captain  shouts,  “Women  and  children  first!”  But  this  time, another voice is heard: “Why women?”Language PointsLanguage Points2Why, indeed? Part of the charm of the successful movie Titanic are the period costumes, the period extravagance, and the  period  prejudices.  An  audience  can  enjoy  these  at  a distance.  Oddly,  however,  of  all  the  period  attitudes  in  the film, the old maritime tradition of “women and children first” enjoys  total  acceptance  by  modern  audiences.  Listen  to  the audience boo at the bad guys who try to sneak on the lifeboats with — or ahead of — the ladies.Language PointsLanguage Points3But  is  not  grouping  women  with  children  a  raging anachronism? Should not any self-respecting modern person, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting to women?4Yet its usage is as common today as it was in 1912. Consider these examples taken almost at random from recent newspapers:5“The  invaders  gunned  down  the  Indians,  most  of  them women and children ...”6“As  many  as  200  civilians,  most  of  them  women  and children, were killed ...”Language PointsLanguage Points7“At  the  massacre  in  Ahmici  103  Muslims,  including  33 women and children, were killed ...”8At a time when women fly combat aircraft and run multi-national corporations, how can one not wince when adult women are routinely classed with children? In Ahmici, it seems, 70 adult men were killed. And how many adult women? Not clear. When things get serious, when blood starts to flow or ships start to sink, you'll find them with the children.Language PointsLanguage Points9Children are entitled to special consideration for two reasons: helplessness and innocence. They have not yet acquired either the faculty of reason or the wisdom of experience. Consequently, they are  defenseless  (incapable  of  fending  for  themselves)  and blameless  (incapable  of  real  sin).  That's  why  we  grant  them special protection. In an emergency, it is our duty to save them first because they, helpless, have put their lives in our hands. And in  wartime,  they  are  supposed  to  be  protected  by  special immunity because they can have threatened or offended no one.Language PointsLanguage Points10 The phrase “women and children” attributes to women the same  dependence  and  moral  simplicity  we  find  in  five-year-olds. Such an attitude perhaps made sense in an era dominated by  male  privilege.  Given  the  disabilities  attached  to womanhood in 1912, it was only fair that a new standard of gender  equality  not  suddenly  be  proclaimed  just  as  lifeboat seats were being handed out. That deference — a somewhat more urgent variation on giving up your seat on the bus to a woman  —  complemented  and  perhaps  to  some  extent compensated  for  the  legal  and  social  constraints  placed  on women at the time.Language PointsLanguage Points11 But  in  our  era of  extensive social restructuring to  grant women equality in education, in employment, in government, in  athletics,  what  entitles  women  to  the  privileges  —  and reduces them to the status — of children? 12 Evolutionary  psychologists  might  say  that  ladies-to-the-lifeboats is an instinct that developed to perpetuate the species: Women are indispensable child-bearers. You can repopulate a village if the women survive and only a few of the men, but not if the men survive and only a few of the women. Women being more precious, biologically speaking, than men, evolution has conditioned  us  to  give  them  the  kind  of  life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids.Language PointsLanguage Points13 The  problem  with  this  kind  of  logic,  however,  is  its depressing  reductionism.  It's  like  a  serious  version  of  the geneticist's  old  joke  that  a  chicken  is  just  an  egg's  way  of making another egg. But humans are more than just egg-layers. And traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies. So why do we say “women and children”? 14 Perhaps  it's  really “women  for  children.”  The  most  basic parental  bond  is  maternal.    Equal  parenting  is  great,  but women, from breast to cradle to reassuring hug, can nurture in ways  that  men  cannot.  And  thus,  because  we  value  children, women should go second. The children need them.Language PointsLanguage Points15 But kiddie-centrism gets you only so far. What if there are no children on board? You are on the Titanic III, and this time it's a singles  cruise.  No  kids,  no  parents.  Now:  Iceberg!  Lifeboats! Action!16 Here's my scenario. The men, out of sheer irrational heroism, should  let  the  women  go  first.  And  the  women,  out  of  sheer feminist self-respect, should refuse.17 Result? Stalemate. How does this movie end? How should it end? Hurry, the ship's going down. Paraphrase?Key— Suppose you find yourself in a similar situation to that of the Titanic.More to learnMore to learnYou're on the Titanic II.At  2:20  AM  on  April  15,  1912,  the  Titanic,  then  the world's  largest  and  most  luxurious  ocean  liner,   disappeared into the icy depthsof the North Atlantic. With hershe took the lives of some 1,500men, women, and children —more casualties than in anyother marine disaster inpeacetime history. Many movieswere shot about this event, but the one that came out in 1998 was the biggest hit.Text-related informationText-related informationthe Titanic IIthe period costumes, the period extravagance, and the period prejudicesParaphrasing?Key— the costumes, the extravagance, and the prejudices of that time in historyMore to learnMore to learnthe period costumes, the period extravagance, and the period prejudicesExamples •period furniture•a period cottageperiod a.— typical  of  an  earlier  time  in  history,  either  dating from that  time or deliberately made in the style of that time   过去某段去某段时期的期的at / from a distance— from a place that is not very close; a long time after sth. happened ExamplesExamples   •It‘s wise to stay at a distance from the cobras (眼眼镜蛇蛇).•Some people are more respectable if admired from a distance.•Remembering the disaster at a distance, I now feel sure that it was not his fault.But  is  not  grouping  women  with  children  a  raging anachronism? •但但是是，，将将妇女女和和儿儿童童归为一一类的的做做法法难道道不不是是一一种种与与时代既不相称的行代既不相称的行为吗？？let alone— (to  indicate  that  a  particular  situation  is  even  less likely or possible) not to mention; without consideringExamples•I was too tired to walk, let alone running.•There wasn't enough room for us, let alone three dogs and two cats.More to learnMore to learnShould not any self-respecting modern person, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting to women? Should not any self-respecting modern person, let alone feminist, object to it as insulting to women? object to — oppose; be againstExamples •The embassy objects to their requests to take refuge there.•Professor  Hawking  objects  to  being  treated  like someone special.at random: without method or conscious choice Examples • His clothes were scattered about the room at random.• The specimens to be analyzed were taken at random. Cf.random:  a.  [usu  attrib]  done,  chosen,  etc.  without method or conscious choice•His random walk led him to a beautiful view of the town.• He chose an apple randomly.civilian:  a  person  who  is  not  a  member  of  the  armed forces 平民；百姓平民；百姓 Examples •  The officer told all civilians to leave the area. • Several innocent civilians were killed by the bombs. Cf.•citizen:  a  person  who  lives  in  a  particular  city  or town, esp one who has certain voting or other rights in that place 居民；市民居民；市民•national: a person, esp someone abroad, who belongs to another usu stated country 国民国民• subject:  a  person  who  owes  loyalty  to  a  certain country or royal ruler 国民，子民，臣民国民，子民，臣民usageusage n n. .—— the way sth. is used; the way words are used in the way sth. is used; the way words are used in a language a language Note:Note: UsageUsage   is is different different from from useuse   in in that that it it often often implies implies the the degree degree to to which which something something is is used used or or the the way way in which it is used.in which it is used.ExamplesExamples • •The The  manual manual  describes describes  the the  proper proper  usageusage    of of  the the appliance.appliance.• •The expression has come into common The expression has come into common usageusage. .• •the environmental effects of energy the environmental effects of energy usageusage• •Sports Sports  equipment equipment  is is  designed designed  to to  withstand withstand  hard hard usageusage. .Examples•Those soldiers are responsible for several massacres of defenseless villagers.More to learnMore to learnmassacre: [C] the killing of large numbers, usu of people who cannot defend themselves properly, without caring about their death 大屠大屠杀（尤其屠（尤其屠杀无防无防卫能力的人群）能力的人群）Cf.• killing: [U] the acting of killing people or animals.• slaughter: [U] the killing of animals usu for food; the killing of one or more people in a bloody, cruel, or thoughtless way (残残杀)• carnage: [U] (esp poet & emph) slaughter 屠屠杀More to learnMore to learnmassacre: [C] the killing of large numbers, usu of people who cannot defend themselves properly, without caring about their death 大屠大屠杀（尤其屠（尤其屠杀无防无防卫能力的人群）能力的人群）Cf.• butchery: [U] cruel and unnecessary killing, esp of human beings 残残杀；屠；屠杀• murder: [C] the unlawful killing of a person, esp on purpose 谋杀，凶，凶杀massacre: [C] the killing of large numbers, usu of people who cannot defend themselves properly, without caring about their death 大屠大屠杀（尤其屠（尤其屠杀无防无防卫能力的人群）能力的人群）wince   vi. suddenly and briefly show pain in one's facial expression(因因疼疼痛痛、、惊惊吓吓等等)本本能能地地退退缩缩，，畏畏缩缩；；皱皱眉蹙眼眉蹙眼Examples • David winced when the dentist touched his sore tooth.• It makes me wince even thinking about eye operation. Cf.•frown:  (at  sb  /sth)  bring  the  eyebrows  together,  so wrinkling  the  skin  on  one’s  forehead  (to  express anger, thought, worry, etc) 皱眉，蹙眉，蹙额•Peter frowned at the noise coming from the boys’ bedroom.• My parents always frown on late nights out. (disapprove of)wince   vi. suddenly and briefly show pain in one's facial expression(因因疼疼痛痛、、惊惊吓吓等等)本本能能地地退退缩缩，，畏畏缩缩；；皱皱眉眉蹙眼蹙眼Children are entitled to special considerationExamples •You  are  entitled  to  high  praise  for  handling  this difficult situation successfully all alone.•I'm entitled to know how my own money is being spent.be entitled to (do) sth.— be given the right to have or do (sth.) faculty   n.1.any of the powers of the body or mind; a particular ability for doing sth. 才能；能力；天赋 2.all the teachers and workers of a university or college (高等院校的)全体教师及职工 Examples •Even at the age of 100, she still had all her faculties.•Mary has a remarkable faculty for adding large numbers in her head.•Jane is a member of the faculty at the local university.More to learnMore to learnfaculty   n.1.any of the powers of the body or mind; a particular ability for doing sth. 才能；能力；天赋 Cf. •ability:    (esp  of  mind)  the  power,  knowledge,  etc needed (to do sth)• aptitude:  (for,  in)  natural  ability  or  skill,  esp  in learning 天天资• capability: ability, practical power 才能，能力才能，能力• facility: ability to do or perform sth easily 才能才能More to learnMore to learnfaculty   n.2.all the teachers and workers of a university or college (高等院校的)全体教师及职工Cf. •staff:  the group of workers who carry on a job to do the work of an organization• personnel: the people employed by a company, the armed forces, etc.• work force: the people working in a place • crew: all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.innocent   n. 1) (of) not guilty 无罪的，无辜的无罪的，无辜的; 2) knowing nothing of evil or wrong 天真的天真的Examples •I am innocent of the crime.•In these wars, countless innocent people lost their lives.•Don’t be so innocent as to believe everything he says.More to learnMore to learninnocent   n. 1) (of) not guilty 无罪的，无辜的无罪的，无辜的; 2) knowing nothing of evil or wrong 天真的，无知的天真的，无知的Cf. Naïve: 1) having or showing no experience (as of social rules or behavior), esp because one is young 缺缺乏乏经验的的；；幼幼稚稚的的；；无无知知的的; 2) believing what anyone says or what is most favorable 天真的天真的•The young boy was laughed at for his naïve remarks.•It is naïve of you to believe he’ll do what he says.sin   n. 1)[U] evil as understood in a religion (宗教上的宗教上的)罪孽罪孽; 2) [C] an evil act, esp as understood in a religion 罪过罪过Example • These people say that the city is a place full of sin and you must leave it.• In some religions it is a sin to eat the meat of pigs and drink alcohol.More to learnMore to learnsin   n. 1)[U] evil as understood in a religion (宗教上的宗教上的)罪孽罪孽; 2) [C] an evil act, esp as understood in a religion 罪过罪过Cf. • evil:  [C] evil great wickedness or misfortune 邪邪恶，，罪罪恶• mischief: [U] bad, but not seriously bad, behavior or actions, as of children, probably causing trouble and possibly damage or harm 顽皮，皮，调皮，皮，恶作作剧• vice: wickedness of character 堕堕落落；；a serious fault of character; a bad habit consequently  ad. (usu fml) because of this, as a result; therefore; in consequenceExamples •They cannot not do the work; consequently, we must find another company.• The documents were not ready. Consequently we could not sign them.More to learnMore to learnimmunity    n.1. protection or freedom (from sth.)   受保护；豁免(权)2. ability to resist infection, disease, etc.  免疫力Examples •He was told that he would be granted immunity from prosecution (起诉) if he confessed the names of the other spies.•diplomatic immunity (外交豁免权)•Most people have no immunity against that virus.threaten   vt. 1. make a threat against (sb.) 威胁，恐吓2. give a warning (of sth. bad) 预示，眼看就要来了Examples •They threatened their son with punishment.• The gangster (歹歹徒徒) threatened to burn down the store unless the owner paid extortion (敲敲诈) money. •The dark clouds threaten a storm.• When danger threatens we must all take care.The phrase “women and children” attributes to women the  same  dependence  and  moral  simplicity  we  find  in five-year-olds. ParaphraseParaphrase? ?Key:•By  classing  women  with  children,  we  think  that women are as helpless and innocent as little kids. More to learnMore to learndependence and moral simplicity  —another way of saying “helplessness and innocence”attribute (a quality, feature, etc.) to sb./sth. — say or think that sb./sth. has got (that quality, feature, etc.)Examples•He tends to attribute mean motives to other people.•I wouldn't dream of attributing such a lack of judgment to you.The phrase “women and children” attributes to women the  same  dependence  and  moral  simplicity  we  find  in five-year-olds. given — prep.considering 考虑到 a. 1. 规定的，特定的；2. 假设的；已知的Examples •Given their inexperience, they've done a good job.•Given (the fact) that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.•The work must be done within the given time.•under a given condition•The given radius (半 径) being 4 ft., find the circumference (周长).More to learnMore to learngiven— used as a prepositionThe word given can be used as a preposition followed by a  noun  phrase  or  noun  clause.  If  you  say  given something  or  given  that  something  is  true,  you  mean what is mentioned is considered or is taken into account.In  formal  English,  given  the  chance,  given  the opportunity,  etc.  mean  if  one  has  the  chance,  the opportunity, etc.Examples •Given his age, he is a remarkable fast runner.•I'm sure teaching is the right career for her, given (the fact) that she is interested in children.•She could have done just as well as you have, given the chance. •Given imagination, anything is possible.More to learnMore to learngivengivenMore to learnMore to learnComplete Complete the the following following sentences sentences by by translating translating the the Chinese Chinese into into English, English, using using given given clauses clauses appropriately.appropriately.(Ex. VIII, p. 208)Ex. VIII, p. 208)1.1. _______________(_______________(鉴鉴鉴鉴于于于于政政政政府府府府在在在在失失失失业业业业问问问问题题题题上上上上的的的的记记记记录录录录), ), their chances of winning the election look poor.their chances of winning the election look poor.2.2. _____________(_____________(鉴鉴鉴鉴于于于于儿儿儿儿童童童童不不不不能能能能自自自自立立立立，，，，不不不不能能能能自自自自卫卫卫卫), ), adults adults are are responsible responsible for for granting granting them them special special protection.protection. Given the government's record on unemploymentGiven children's helplessness and defenselessnessgivengivenMore to learnMore to learnComplete Complete the the following following sentences sentences by by translating translating the the Chinese Chinese into into English, English, using using given given clauses clauses appropriately.appropriately.(Ex. VIII, p. 208)Ex. VIII, p. 208)3.3.________________(________________(如果天气好的话如果天气好的话如果天气好的话如果天气好的话), our ship ), our ship will reach will reach YantaiYantai tomorrow morning. tomorrow morning.4.4. ___________(___________(鉴于免疫力弱鉴于免疫力弱鉴于免疫力弱鉴于免疫力弱), children and old ), children and old people are advised not to stay in an air-people are advised not to stay in an air-conditioned room for too long.conditioned room for too long. Given good weather Given poor immunitygivengivenComplete Complete the the following following sentences sentences by by translating translating the the Chinese Chinese into into English, English, using using given given clauses clauses appropriately.appropriately.(Ex. VIII, p. 208)Ex. VIII, p. 208)5.5. _______________(_______________(鉴鉴鉴鉴于于于于女女女女权权权权主主主主义义义义者者者者已已已已为为为为男男男男女女女女平平平平等等等等斗斗斗斗争争争争了了了了多多多多年年年年), ), it it is is not not surprising surprising to to find find such such new new words words as as chairperson chairperson and and Ms. Ms. in in widespread widespread use.use.6.6. ( (如果再给我一次读大学的机会如果再给我一次读大学的机会如果再给我一次读大学的机会如果再给我一次读大学的机会), I would choose to ), I would choose to study engineering rather than mathematics.study engineering rather than mathematics. Given that feminists have been fighting for gender/sexual equality for yearsGiven one more chance to go to collegeattach (to)    vt.— 1.consider that sb. has a certain quality 2.fasten or joinExamples •The panel of scientists attaches great importance to his research on genes.•Chinese movies used to attach every good quality to a hero.•A label is attached to each piece of luggage.•Bill attached a big bow (蝴蝶结) to the birthday present.…, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as life boat seats were being handed out. Examples•The job is open to any suitably qualified person regardless of age, gender or race.•Sociologists believe that gender differences in voting will gradually disappear as women become more politicized.•In German, the gender of the word "Hund", meaning "dog" , is masculine (阳性的).More to learnMore to learngender equality = sex equalityn.  1. (生理上的)性；2. (名词、代词等的)性— Gender  means  sex  but  is  especially  used  in  job advertisements, in writing about politics and society, as well as in grammar, while sex is a general word.…, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as life boat seats were being handed out. proclaim vt.— make known officially or publicly; declareNote:Proclaim  implies  a  clear,  forceful,  authoritative oral  declaring  of  something,  often  of  national importance.Examples •The president proclaimed a day of mourning.•The American colonies proclaimed their independence in 1776.More to learnMore to learn…, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as life boat seats were being handed out. hand out— distribute 分发, 散发 Examples •Make a list of names, see if they're all present, and hand out the books.•Would you hand the cake out while I pour the coffee?More to learnMore to learn…, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as life boat seats were being handed out. Paraphrase?Key•…, the traditional gender inequality should naturally continue  at  that  critical  moment  when  the  ship  was sinking  —  it  was  fair  that  women  should  have  been given seats on the lifeboats first.That deference — a somewhat more urgent variation on giving  up  your  seat  on  the  bus  to  a  woman  — complemented and perhaps to some extent compensated for the legal and social constraints placed on women at the time. variation n. — (on) one in a group or set which is different in some way from the normal or most commonExamplesExamples •His books are all variations on a basic theme.•It was the same TV program with only nightly variations.More to learnMore to learnThat That deference deference — — a a somewhat somewhat more more urgent urgent variation variation on on giving giving up up your your seat seat on on the the bus bus to to a a woman woman — — complemented complemented and and perhaps perhaps to to some some extent extent compensated compensated for for the the legal legal and and social social constraints placed on women at the time. constraints placed on women at the time. ParaphraseParaphrase? ?KeyKey• •That That respect respect for for women women (i.e. (i.e. offering offering priority priority seating seating on on a  a lifeboat) lifeboat) was was very very similar similar to, to, but but somewhat somewhat more more urgent urgent than, than, offering offering your your seat seat to to a  a woman woman on on the the bus. bus. This This  helped helped  to to  improve, improve,  and and  perhaps perhaps  more more  or or  less less made made  up up  for for  the the  disabilities disabilities  attached attached  to to  womanhood womanhood (para.10) by law and by society at that time. (para.10) by law and by society at that time. ..., ..., what what entitles entitles women women to to the the privileges privileges — — and and reducesreduces them them to to the status — of children?the status — of children?reduce sb. toreduce sb. to—— bring sb. to (a specified, usu. worse, state or bring sb. to (a specified, usu. worse, state or condition)condition)ExamplesExamples • •We were We were reducedreduced to selling the car  to selling the car toto pay the rent. pay the rent.• •He He ran ran out out of of cigarettes cigarettes and and was was reduced reduced toto   smoking smoking the butts left in the ashtrays.the butts left in the ashtrays.More to learnMore to learnParaphraseParaphrase? ?KeyKey• •..., ...,  why why  should should  women women  be be  given given  the the  same same  privileges, privileges, and and  be be  brought brought  to to  the the  same same  insignificant insignificant  status, status,  as as children?children?..., ..., what what entitles entitles women women to to the the privileges privileges — — and and reducesreduces them them to to the status — of children?the status — of children?ladies-to-the-lifeboats ladies-to-the-lifeboats is is an an instinct instinct that that developed developed to perpetuate the species to perpetuate the species ParaphraseParaphrase ? ?giving giving  priority priority  to to  ladies ladies  to to  enable enable  them them  to to  survive survive  a  a shipwreck shipwreck  is is  a  a  natural natural  tendency tendency  formed formed  in in  order order  to to prevent the extinction of mankind prevent the extinction of mankind Translate the sentenceTranslate the sentence? ?女士上救生船是一种为繁衍物种而形成的本能女士上救生船是一种为繁衍物种而形成的本能Women Women being being more more preciousprecious, , biologically biologically speaking, speaking, than than menmen, , evolution evolution has has conditioned conditioned us us to to give give them them the the kind kind of of life-protecting life-protecting deference deference we we give give to to that that other other seed of the future: kids.seed of the future: kids.ParaphraseParaphrase ? ?• •Because Because women women are are more more important important than than men men in in the the perpetuation perpetuation  of of  mankind, mankind,  the the  law law  of of  evolution evolution  has has influenced influenced  our our  attitude, attitude,  so so  that that  we we  give give  women women  the the same same kind kind of of priority priority of of survival survival as as we we give give children, children, on whom, too, mankind relies for perpetuation. on whom, too, mankind relies for perpetuation. TranslationTranslation ? ?• •因因为为从从生生物物学学的的角角度度来来讲讲妇妇女女比比男男子子更更为为珍珍贵贵，，所所以以进进化化才才使使我我们们习习惯惯于于把把给给予予未未来来的的另另一一粒粒种种子子————孩孩子子的的那那份份保护生命的敬重给予了她们。

保护生命的敬重给予了她们More to learnMore to learnWomen being more precious ... than menWomen being more precious ... than men—— Present Present participle participle phrase phrase used used in in the the absolute absolute construction, construction, which which functions functions as as an an adverbial adverbial of of cause in the sentence.cause in the sentence.Use of the present participle in the absolute construction:Use of the present participle in the absolute construction:The The adverbial adverbial present present participle participle phrase phrase has has no no overt overt ( (明明言言的的) ) subject subject and and its its “understood “understood subject” subject” provides provides a a link link with with the the main main clause, clause, while while the the absolute absolute construction construction using using the the present present participle participle has has its its own own logical logical subject subject and and is is not not overtly overtly bound bound to to the the main main clause, clause, even even on on a a semantic semantic ( (语语义义的的) ) level, level, by by any any shared shared element. element. In In grammatical grammatical functions, however, the two forms are similar.functions, however, the two forms are similar.ExamplesExamples• •No No  further further  discussions discussions  arising, arising,  the the  meeting meeting  was was brought to a close.brought to a close.• •A A small small boy, boy, his his satchel satchel ( (背背包包) )   trailing trailing behind behind him, him, ran past.ran past.• •Weather permitting, we'll start tomorrow.Weather permitting, we'll start tomorrow.Women Women being being more more preciousprecious, , biologically biologically speaking, speaking, than than menmen, , evolution evolution has has conditioned conditioned us us to to give give them them the the kind kind of of life-protecting life-protecting deference deference we we give give to to that that other other seed of the future: kids.seed of the future: kids.depress    —vt. 1. sadden and discourage 使抑郁，使沮丧使抑郁，使沮丧2. cause to sink to a lower level of position 使使不不景景气气，， 使萧条使萧条Examples •The cold, gray weather depressed Anne.•High interest rates are continuing to depress the economy.参考译文：参考译文：然而，这种逻辑的问题在于它那个令人沮丧的然而，这种逻辑的问题在于它那个令人沮丧的视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法。

视妇女低人一等的歧视性做法And traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies.courtesy:  polite and kind behavior 礼貌、谦恭礼貌、谦恭Cf.•politeness•civility: the state or manner of being as polite as one would wish (礼貌，客气礼貌，客气)more than just— not just; not simplyMore to learnMore to learnAnd traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies.disguise:  change the usual appearance, etc. of, so as to hid the truthCf.•hide: put or keep out of sight; make or keep secret•conceal:  (from)  (fml)  hid;  keep  from  being  seen  or known • cover up: (not fml) cover or hid in front of (another) so as to hid or protect in this way掩盖，掩饰掩盖，掩饰• secrete: (fml) hid or keep in a secret place 隐隐藏藏；；藏藏匿匿More to learnMore to learnAnd traditional courtesies are more than just disguised survival strategies.Paraphrase?Key•And traditional polite behavior to women is not just a false display intended for the survival of the human race.•传统的礼节决不只是伪装掩盖下的生存策略。

传统的礼节决不只是伪装掩盖下的生存策略Equal  parenting  is  great,  but  women,  from  breast  to cradle to reassuring hug, can nurture in ways that men cannot. •nurture: (fml) give care and food to 养育养育Cf.•bring up: care for and educate in the family until fully grown•raise: (AmE) bring up•rear: (of animals and birds) care for until fully grown•foster: care for (a child who is not one’s own), usu for a short period •adopt: take (sb/ a child) into one’s family as a relation forever, and take on the full responsibilities in law of a parent 收养收养• breast: breast-feeding 哺乳More to learnMore to learnEqual  parenting  is  great,  but  women,  from  breast  to cradle to reassuring hug, can nurture in ways that men cannot. •It is pretty good for father and mother to be equal in their  relationship  with  children,  but  many  duties  in the rearing and caring of children can be performed only  by  women  in  their  special  ways,  and  never  by men.•但但是是女女性性，，从从哺哺乳乳到到抚抚育育到到安安抚抚的的拥拥抱抱，，能能够够以以男男性性做不到的方式养育子女做不到的方式养育子女But kiddie-centrism gets you only so far. Paraphrase ?•The  explanation  that  women  are  given  priority  to survive just because children need them is convincing up to this point only.kiddie-centrism— the notion that children are most important 小孩中心论Translation ?•但是小孩中心论只能解释到这一步为止。

但是小孩中心论只能解释到这一步为止scenario    n.— 1.[C]  a  written  desripiton  of  the  action  to  take place in a film, play, etc. 剧情梗概剧情梗概2.   (fig)  a description of a possible course of action or events 对行动或事件可能的过程的描述对行动或事件可能的过程的描述ExamplesExamples •The scenarios are very well done.•He presented a fearful scenario of atomic war.sheer    a.—1.pure; nothing other than (often used in descriptions of sth. surprising, outrageous, inexplicable, etc.);2.   (of fabric) very thin, light and almost transparent (透明的) ；3.very steepExamples •It is a sheer waste of time.•John peered through the sheer curtain.•The climbers slowly inched (慢慢移动) up the sheer cliff.stalemate  — n. a  stage  of  a  dispute,  contest,  etc.  (esp.  chess)  at  which further progress is impossible for both sides 僵局；僵持Examples •The players reached a stalemate, so a draw (平局) was declared.•Negotiations have come to a stalemate.《读写教程《读写教程 III》》: Ex. III, p. 37Ex. III, p. 37Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary1. In  a  healthy  relationship,  the  partners'  strengths  and abilities ___________ each other, rather than being identical.entitleconstraint complement strategy  privilegeinstinct depress  survivalindispensable  urgentfacultyrandomExercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary2. Millions  of  dollars  and  lots  of  famous  actors  are  not ____________  to  the  production  of  a  successful  film,  but they help!III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. complementindispensable   3. I never felt I had a right to expect any special ___________ because of my university education.Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary4. The marketing ____________ that Edward proposed would be brilliant if only he hadn't forgotten about good business ethics.III.III. Fill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with the the words words given given below. below. Change Change the the form where necessary.form where necessary.   strategy   privilegesentitleentitleconstraintconstraint complement complement strategy strategy  privilegeprivilegeinstinct instinct depress depress  survivalsurvivalindispensable indispensable  urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom5. It's true that not having a car imposes some ___________, but owning one also complicates life in many ways.Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary6. According to the Chinese law, every child is ___________ to nine years of free education.III.III. Fill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with the the words words given given below. below. Change Change the the form where necessary.form where necessary.   constraintentitledentitleentitleconstraintconstraint complement complement strategy strategy  privilegeprivilegeinstinct instinct depress depress  survivalsurvivalindispensable indispensable  urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom7. Life  should  consist  of  more  than  just  a  struggle  for ___________.Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary8. The  sight  of  the  helpless  child  aroused  her  maternal ___________.III.III. Fill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with the the words words given given below. below. Change Change the the form where necessary.form where necessary.   survivalinstinct(s)   entitleentitleconstraintconstraint complement complement strategy strategy  privilegeprivilegeinstinct instinct depress depress  survivalsurvivalindispensable indispensable  urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom9. The  winners  of  the  contest  were  chosen  ___________;  no consideration was given to age, gender or income.Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary10. He has lost the use of his limbs but he is still in possession of all his ___________.III.III. Fill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with the the words words given given below. below. Change Change the the form where necessary.form where necessary.   randomly   faculty   entitleentitleconstraintconstraint complement complement strategy strategy  privilegeprivilegeinstinct instinct depress depress  survivalsurvivalindispensable indispensable  urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom11. Please  give  the  highest  priority  to  this  very  ___________ matter.Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary12. She enjoyed parts of her trip to India, but said she found the poverty she saw there rather ___________.III.III. Fill Fill in in the the blanks blanks with with the the words words given given below. below. Change Change the the form where necessary.form where necessary.   urgentdepressingentitleentitleconstraintconstraint complement complement strategy strategy  privilegeprivilegeinstinct instinct depress depress  survivalsurvivalindispensable indispensable  urgenturgentfacultyfacultyrandomrandom《读写教程《读写教程 III》》: Ex. IV, p. 38Ex. IV, p. 38Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabularyIV. Rescue  these  sentences! Remember  our  underachieving student?  He's  up  to  his  old  tricks  again:  He  tried  to  use an expression from the text in each of the sentences below, but he got all the prepositions or adverbs mixed up. Correct all the sentences, using expressions from the text, then put definitions or  synonyms  of  the  corrected  expressions  in  the  spaces provided.Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabularyIV V. Rescue these sentences! Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary1. This report is based on a survey of one thousand readers chosen by random.        correct form: _______________________definition:_______________________2. The Titanic hit an iceberg and went under with a loss of more than 1,500 lives.       correct form: ________________________ synonym: ________________________at randomwithout any plan or criteria for selectionwent downsankIV V. Rescue these sentences! Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary3.   Before  we  start  our  discussion,  I'd  like  to  hand  around some extra materials containing background information.correct form: _______________________synonym:_______________________4. The explosion was heard by startled citizens in a distance from ten miles.       correct form: ________________________ synonym: ________________________hand outdistributeat a distance of ten milesten miles awayIV V. Rescue these sentences! Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary5. As soon as baby birds are able to fend to themselves, their parents lose interest in them.       correct form: _______________________synonym:_______________________6. The whole country was horrified when a 13-year-old boy gunned at two teachers and seven students.       correct form: ________________________ synonym: ________________________ fend for themselvestake care of themselvesgunned downshotIV V. Rescue these sentences! Exercises Exercises •  • VocabularyVocabulary7. I  can't  find  the  pictures  that  were  attached  with  the documents.       correct form: _______________________synonym:_______________________8. Everyone is entitled by his or her own opinion.       correct form: ________________________ definition: ________________________attached tofastened to is entitled tohas a right to1. It’s a long climb up the hill, but once you’re up there the view of the city is  _______________.Exercises Exercises •  • Word BuildingWord Building2. He was by nature a gentle and  ________________ man --- he always did whatever he could to avoid conflict.VI.VI. Complete Complete each each of of the the following following sentences sentences with with one one of of the the adjectives you’ve formed.adjectives you’ve formed.   breath-takingpeace-loving   breathtaking breathtaking heartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearing3. Our holiday on the island was rather spoiled by the presence of _______________ sharks just off the beach.Exercises Exercises •  • Word BuildingWord Building4. In the information age, many people consider ____________ skills  more  important  than  memorizing  and  retaining knowledge.VI.VI. Complete Complete each each of of the the following following sentences sentences with with one one of of the the adjectives you’ve formed.adjectives you’ve formed.   man-eatingfact-finding   breathtaking breathtaking heartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearing5. The movie Titanic is a _____________ love story --- I weep every time I see it.Exercises Exercises •  • Word BuildingWord Building6. Fewer and fewer females of ____________ age are willing to give up their careers in order to raise a family.VI.VI. Complete Complete each each of of the the following following sentences sentences with with one one of of the the adjectives you’ve formed.adjectives you’ve formed.   heart-breakingchild-bearing   breathtaking breathtaking heartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearingExercises Exercises •  • Word BuildingWord Building7. The film industry has been badly hurt by the sharp decline in  the  ______________  public,  caused  by  the  low  cost  of videos.VI.VI. Complete Complete each each of of the the following following sentences sentences with with one one of of the the adjectives you’ve formed.adjectives you’ve formed.   movie-going   breathtaking breathtaking heartbreakingheartbreakingman-eatingman-eatingmovie-goingmovie-goingpeace-lovingpeace-lovingfact-findingfact-findingchild-bearingchild-bearing1. _________________________(鉴于于政政府府在在失失业问题上上的的记录), their chances of wining the election look poor.Exercises • Structure2. __________________ (鉴于于儿儿童童不不能能自自立立，，亦亦不不能能自自卫), adults are responsible for granting them special protection.VIII.  Complete  the  following  sentences  by  translating  the Chinese into English, using given clauses appropriately. Given the government’s record on unemploymentGiven children’s helplessness and defenselessness / Given that children are helpless and defenseless3. ______________________ (如如果果天天气气好好的的话), their chances of wining the election look poor.Exercises • Structure2. __________________ (鉴于于免免疫疫力力弱弱), adults are responsible for granting them special protection.VIII.  Complete  the  following  sentences  by  translating  the Chinese into English, using given clauses appropriately. Given good weatherGiven poor immunity5. _________________________ (鉴于于女女权主主义者者已已为男男女女平平等等斗斗争争了了多多年年), their chances of wining the election look poor.Exercises • Structure6. __________________  (如如果果再再给我我一一次次读大大学学的的机机会会), adults are responsible for granting them special protection.VIII.  Complete  the  following  sentences  by  translating  the Chinese into English, using given clauses appropriately. Given that feminists have been fighting for gender equality for yearsGiven one more chance to go to collegeTranslation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English《读写教程《读写教程 III》》: Ex. XI, p. 41Ex. XI, p. 41The ability to fend for oneself is indispensable to any adult, but real maturity is more than just a set of survival strategies.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English1.1. 独独立立生生活活的的能能力力对对于于任任何何一一个个成成年年人人来来说说是是必必不不可可少少的的, , 但真正的成熟远远不止那些基本的生存策略。

但真正的成熟远远不止那些基本的生存策略  the ability to fend for oneselfindispensablemore than justOn Children’s Day, kids are entitled to free entry to all city parks. It’s a way of compensating them for the long hours they spend in school all year.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English2.2. 孩孩子子们们在在儿儿童童节节有有资资格格免免费费进进入入每每一一个个城城市市公公园园这这是是对他们全年长期呆在学校里的一种补偿对他们全年长期呆在学校里的一种补偿be entitled to free entry toa way of compensatingYou’re giving more priority to your personal life than to your studies. It’s no wonder your grades are suffering.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English3.3. 你更注重个人的生活而不是学习，难怪你的成绩下降了。

你更注重个人的生活而不是学习，难怪你的成绩下降了Give more priority to … than to … It’s no wonder …your grades are sufferingGiven that most women nowadays have jobs outside the home, it’s natural that they object to their husbands treating them like housekeepers.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English4.4. 鉴鉴于于当当今今社社会会大大多多数数的的妇妇女女离离家家就就职职，，很很自自然然她她们们反反对对丈丈夫夫把她们作为家庭主妇来对待把她们作为家庭主妇来对待given thathave jobs outside the homeobject toQuite a number of American millionaires own at least two houses and a private plane.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English5.5. 美国的不少百万富翁都至少拥有两座房子和一架私人飞机。

美国的不少百万富翁都至少拥有两座房子和一架私人飞机quite a number ofat leastWhen John recovered unexpectedly from cancer, his doctors attributed it to his strong will and faith in the future.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English6.6. 当当约约翰翰意意外外地地从从癌癌症症康康复复时时，，他他的的医医生生把把此此归归因因于于他他坚坚强强的毅力和对未来的信念的毅力和对未来的信念    recover unexpectedly from cancerattribute it toThere’s no practical reason to perpetuate the custom of opening doors for women, let alone the tradition of “women and children first”.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English7.7. 没没有有任任何何实实际际理理由由要要保保留留为为女女性性开开门门那那种种习习俗俗，，更更不不用用说说保留保留" "妇女和儿童优先妇女和儿童优先" "的传统了。

的传统了     there is no practical reason to perpetuatelet aloneMany feminists object to the notion that men can’t nurture children as well as women can.Translation — Chinese to EnglishTranslation — Chinese to English8.8. 许多女权主义者反对男人养育孩子不如女人的想法许多女权主义者反对男人养育孩子不如女人的想法feministsnurture childrennotionSelect Select the the most most appropriate appropriate word word from from the the four four choices choices given. given. The The choice choice “ “0 0” ” means means that that no no additional additional word word is is appropriate.appropriate. ClozeClozeReal feminists can tell you that the only  way  to  ensure  equality  is through genetic engineering. Women everywhere still suffer _1_ economic injustice, social injustice and — most significant—physical injustice.  This  is  where  genetic engineering  is  _2_  to  feminism. The  way  things  are  now,  too  few women  feel  truly  sure  of  their physical safety.  All that _3_ most women from physical force _4_ the so-called  social  contract.  This  is not  enough.  Why  should  half  the population enjoy physical safety as a form of _5_, while the other half enjoys it as a natural _6_?1.A.asB. from C.of D. to2.A. entitledB. indispensableC. randomD. urgent3.A. protectB. protected C. protectionD. protects4.A. are B. has 5.C. have D. is5.A. charmB. complement6.C. confidenceD. courtesy6.A. facultyB. instinct7.C. insultD. strategyB. fromB. indispensableD. protectsD. isD. courtesyA. facultyClozeClozeMen  who  argue  that  laws can  _7_  for  this  inequality simply  can't  imagine  what it's like to be _8_ to defend yourself. This lifelong lack of _9_ in something as basic as physical  safety  gives  rise _10_  major  psychological barriers _11_ equality.  How can a person feel equal when she  lives  _12_  life  with  the knowledge _13_ stronger creatures are in control? 7.  A.attachB. compensate C.complement D. entitle8.A. haveB. helplessC. random D. urgent9.A. compensationB. confidence C. instinctD. logic10. A. forB. inC. toD. 011. A. forB. inC. toD. 012. A. all ofB. her allC. her entireD. full of her13.A. forB. of 14.C. thatB. whatB. compensateB. helplessB. confidenceC. toC. toC. her entireC. thatClozeClozeHow can she feel truly free to compete with them, ignore _14_ them or disagree with them, all the  time  knowing  they  could suddenly   _15_ her  if  she  isn't nice?  Sure,  women  can  learn self-defense or carry guns, but that _16_ the same as trusting in your own safety. _17_ women really need is a breakthrough in genetic  engineering  to  ensure that  both  _18_  are  equal  in physical strength right from the cradle.14. A.atB. toC.withD. 015. A. combatB. constrainC. threatD. threaten16. A. aren’tB. can’tC. hasn’tD. isn’t17. A. ThatB. ThisC. WhatD. 018. A. femaleB. gendersC. malesD. versionsD. 0D. threatenD. isn’tC. WhatB. gendersClozeCloze。