联合国组织机构.doc

联合国的组织机构1、联合国： The United Nations联合国（英文缩耳：UN）是_个由主权国家纽成的国际组织,成立丁•第二次世界大战结束 麻的1945年，致力于促进各国在国际法、国际安全、经济发展、社会进步、人权、公民|'| 由、政治白由、民主及实现持久世界和平方面的合作总部设立在美国纽约，现在共有193 个成员国The United Nations is an intergovemmental organization whose stated aims include promoting and facilitating cooperation in intemational law, intemational security, economic development, social progress, human rights, civil rights, civil liberties, political freedoms, democracy, and the achievement of lasting world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II with its Headquarters in New York City, and there are now 193,member states・2^ 安理会 the United Nations Security Council联合国安全理事会是联合国的六大主要机构之一。

根据《联合国宪章》的宗旨及原则，安理 会负有维持国际和平与安全的责任，是唯一有权采取强制行动的联合国机构，其中五大国有 安理会占决权安理会由5个常任理事国和1（）个非常任理事国纟R成,5个常任理事国是中国、 法国、俄罗斯、英国、美国The United Nations Security Council （UNSC） is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and is charged with the maintenance of inte「national peace and secu「让y. Its powers, outli ned in the United Nations Charter, in elude the establishment of peacekeepi ng operations, the establishment of inter national sanctions（制裁）,and the authorization of military action. Its powers are exercised through United Nations Security Council「esohitions（决议）・ There are 15 members of the Security Council. This includes five veto-wielding permanent members一China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom、and the United States.3、 联大： The United Nations General AssemblyThe United Nations General Assembly （UNGA/GA） is one of the six principal organs of The United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Wcslmins忙r Cen【nd Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations ・4、 秘书处（联合国秘书处）： The United Nations Secretariat秘书处，是联合国的六个主要机构2—，由秘书长及办事人员组成，从事各种口常T作，为 其他主要机构服务，并执行这些机构指定的方案与政策。

秘书长是联合国的行政首长，由大 会根据安全理事会推荐任命，任期五年，可以连任The United Nations Secretariat is one of the principal organs of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization charged with the promotion of aiding states to collectively maintain international peace and security. The Secretariat is composed of a Secretary General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide・ The Secretary General is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. It services the other principal organs of the United Nations and administers the programs and policies laid down by them. The Secretariat carries out myriad（尢数的）duties ranging from the administration of peacekeeping operations to making surveys/studies about different countries* economic and socialtrends.5、IR际法院:International Court of Justice, ICJ国际法院（International Court of Justice, ICJ）,又称为国际法庭，是联合国的司法裁决机 构，根据《国际法院规约》于1946年2月成立，位于荷兰海牙。

国际法院的主要功能是对 各国所提交的案件做岀有法律约束力的仲裁，或在联介国大会及联介国安理会的请求个提供 咨询性司法建议它还可以审理涉嫌违反国际法的案件The International Court of Justice fcommonly referred to as the World Court or ICJ） is the primary judicial（司法的）branch of the United Nations. It is based in the Peace Palace in TheHague, Netherlands. Its main functions are to settle legal disputes submitted to it by states and to provide advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized（经正式授权 的）international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly.6、经社理事会： Economic and Social Council—ECOSOC联合国经济和社会理事会联合国经济和社会理事会是协调14个联合国专门机构、10个职司委员会和5个区域委员会 的经济、社会和相关工作的主要机构，是《联合国宪章》规定的联合国6个主要机构2—。

它有54名成员组成，于毎年7月举行为期四周的会议The United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) is one of the principal organs of the United Nations. It is responsible for coordinating the economic, social and related work of 14 UN specialized agencies, their functional commissions and five regional commissions (委员会)・ ECOSOC has 54 members; it holds four-week session each year in July.7、联合国托管理事会联合国托管理事会(Trusteeship Council — TC)是联合国实彳亍国际托管制度的 主要机构1945年6刀26 H,联合国成立托管理事会，负责对置于国际托管制 度下的领土实行管理的职能适用于国际托管的土地是第二次世界大战结朿时尚未独立的前 国际联盟的委任统治地和战示割离自敌国的土地。

最后一个托管领土莹于1994年10月独 立，并成为联合国成员国后，联合国托管理事会已经完成其历史使命，暂停运作⑸但由于 明载于《联合国宪章》,托管理事会仍继续“存在”，其正式结束运作须俟联合国宪章Z修订 The United Nations Trusteeship Council is one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust territories—most of them former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from nations defeated at the end of World War IL The last was Palau, formerly part of the Teiritory of the Pacific Islands, which became a member state of the United Nations in December 1994.以上是联合国的组成。

以下是联合国重要组织：8 联合国教科文纟H.织：UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultu。