Module 4 Music born in America.doc

Module 4 Music born in America外研版高中英语选修7《Module 4 Music Born in America》word教案P43 Introduction爵士音乐 （Jazz） 19世纪末20世纪初在美国新奥尔良发展起来的一种流行音乐其形成与发展经历了比较复杂的过程爵士乐来自非洲音乐17-18世纪，非洲黑人被贩运到北美，过着非人的奴隶生活，音乐成为他们抒发内心痛苦、寻求精神慰藉的主要工具黑人奴隶保持了非洲音乐的传统，同时又逐渐受到欧洲音乐的影响，于是产生出许多美国黑人的音乐形式，如布鲁斯、拉格泰姆、灵歌、福音歌等其中以布鲁斯和拉格泰姆对爵士乐的形成影响最为明显，它们的一些艺术特征迄今仍保留在爵士音乐中 蓝调(blues)布鲁斯是一种黑人民歌，以吉他或其他乐器伴奏源自黑奴的劳动歌曲，内容多表现黑人的不幸生活和、哀怨及渴望幸福的情绪最著名的布鲁斯歌手是B．史密斯，她的富有特色的演唱(包括各种滑音和颤音的运用)，对早期爵土音乐风格的形成有很大影响她演唱的《圣路易斯布鲁斯》是广为流传的经典性的布鲁斯之一拉格泰姆(曾译散拍乐)是一种钢琴音乐，可能是从饼步舞(美国南方种植园中农奴们的一种舞蹈)、班卓琴曲与欧洲的舞曲、进行曲等综合、演变而来。

重要代表人物是作曲家S．乔普林，他最著名的作品是《枫叶拉格泰姆》 灵歌(Soul Music)北美黑人的宗教礼拜歌曲内容大多反映黑人遭受残酷奴役、痛苦无告、只好把希望寄托在宗教上的悲惨处境用英语演唱，旋律朴素，多数为五声大调式(如么溜回去入《没有人知道我的痛苦》、《下来，可爱的马车》)或七声小调式(如《去吧、摩西》、《钉十字架》)，富于切分节奏，和声近似美国基督教会的赞美诗由于经常即兴演唱，几乎没有定语可以遵循南北战争后，由于菲斯克大学黑人歌唱团等黑人歌手的传布，以美国最有代表性的黑人民歌闻名于世，并成为爵士音乐的重要素材北美白人演唱的民间赞美诗亦称灵歌 福音音乐（GOSPEL MUSIC）作为被剥夺文化的奴隶，早期非洲-美国黑人认为只有教堂才是他们能抒发和抚慰在新处境里心境的地方，并通过寓言和歌唱形式传播单纯的“转世投胎”的理论，使黑人教堂在19世纪异常繁荣他们早期通过口耳传播非洲化的基督教圣歌，由此转化、形成了黑人精神——和谐的福音音乐（GOSPEL MUSIC）Rap：扣击责骂使着迷发敲击声交谈理解 也叫说唱乐(美国人说)说唱乐在早期的时候被称作“旧式说唱乐”而其形式也总是由DJ刮擦唱片或播放连续的鼓曲从而产生多变的和节奏感极强的音乐，伴着这种音乐MC在一旁快速地，极富节奏感地用语言诠释着自己对生活的感悟或精神状态。

说唱乐就是这样默默地，却是极生动地开端了它发展的坎途随后，乐器的搭配上说唱乐融入了硬式摇滚吉他，第一支“硬核说唱乐(HardcoreRap)”组合Run—D.M.C.也将“hard—hittingbeats”引进了说唱乐的表现方法里，而旧式的刮擦唱片的技术也经由声音采样技术的提高和普及取而代之P43 consist of 包含，包括，由------组成His job consists of helping old people who live alone.It’s a simple dish to prepare, mainly_______rice and vegetables.A. consisting of B consists of C. consisting in D . consists in consist in 在于The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity .这个计划妙就妙在简明扼要consist with一致，符合Theory should consist with practice.理论应当与实践相一致。

P441.20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐的主持人（DJ）播放很多灵乐，他们注意到大家很喜欢乐曲中的打击乐，因为打击乐非常适合跳舞P44)The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to ________ ________.dance to …：随着……跳舞 你喜欢跟着节奏快的音乐跳舞吗？Do you prefer to dance to fast music?纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家带去了有关音乐的理念2.There were a lot of Jamaicans in New York who ___________ the idea _________ them.bring sth. with sth. 随身带去某物你下次来的时候带点钱Bring some money with you next time when you come.bring … into 使……处于某种状态，使卷入bring down 使倒下，使（价格等）降低bring in 邀请，生产，逮捕，介绍引进3. (…), but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables, side by side. (P44)side by side表示“并排”，“一起”，“肩并肩”。

类似的短语还有：neck and neck “并驾齐驱地”, head to head “交头接耳地”The couple sat side by side. The two bottles stood side by side on the table..He put two favorite toys, Snoopy and Kitty, on the bookshelf ,_______________ 4.后来他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法，所使用的压韵词汇，经常是来自美籍非洲人的文化当中Later they _____________ _____________ different vocal and rhythmic approaches, using rhyming words, often words from African – American culture.(P44)experiment with …：to try something new, especially in order to gain experience用……做实验 他们正在实验新的教学方法。

They are experimenting with new methods of teaching.by experiment：通过实验make / carry out / do an experiment on / upon / in / with做……实验（试验）5.“我一听”他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐 ________ I heard it” he said, “I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”(p45)the moment = as soon as 一……就……我一拿起听筒就知道是有人打错了The moment I picked up the receiver, I realized that somebody had dialed the wrong number.引导时间状语从句的连词类似的有：the second, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly (scarcely) … when, no sooner … than6. People were bored with the pop music of the day—disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid 1970s. (P45)句中，be bored with sth/ sb, 表示“对……感到厌烦”，这里要注意区别bored和boring, bored 表示“感到厌烦的”，而boring表示“令人厌烦的”，如：This job is so boring that everyone intends to give it up.Everyone is bored with this tough job.It is evident from his words that he has been this task, because he said he would never do it again.in decline：在下降，在衰退中 他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。

His interest in computer games is now in decline.7.Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco. (P45)take advantage of sth. 表示“利用”，“很好的使用某物”，take advantage of sb.表示“欺骗”，“占便宜”，与advantage的相关短语还有：have the advantage of 比……强, 胜过，make one’s advantage of 利用，占便宜1. You should this opportunity, for it may not occur again.8.这种风格很快就传到了美国的其他地方The style soon ________ ________ other parts of the United States.spread to a place：（指消息等）传到某个地方The news soon spread to other cities.spread解释为“传播”时还可与其他介词连用。

In the 1980s, hip hop spread across the world, to Japan, India and many parts of Europe.The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.9.The illness spread through the village.歌曲是说唱的而不是敲打出来的Songs that are spoken ________ ________ songs are called rap.rather than：与其说…倒不如说…,宁愿…不愿…该短语为从属连词，引导比较从句，而且这个从句经常是省略的其用法有：她在工作中的表示是好，而不是坏Her performance in work is good rather than bad.我决定写信给她，而不愿打I decided to write to her rather 。