专插本英语英语复合句复习ppt课件.ppt
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Ⅰ. The Object Clause (宾语从句) 宾语从句是主从复合句的一种宾语从句是英语中用来充任宾语的句子带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句宾语从句普通由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它〞构成，其语序是陈说句语序 重点和难点重点和难点 1 1、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句、由不同引导词引导的宾语从句 2 2、直接引语和间接引语、直接引语和间接引语 3 3、宾语从句中时态的变化、宾语从句中时态的变化 由从属由从属连词thatthat引引导的的宾语从句从句 由由衔接代接代词 Who,whom,whose,which，， what 和和衔接副接副词 where,how,why,when 引引导的的宾语从句从句由从属由从属连词 whether, if 引引导的的宾语从句从句 A) Introduced by that主主句句的的谓语动词是是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等等时，，或或主主句句的的谓语动词是是由由描描画画词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等等作作表表语的的系系表表构构造造时，，后后面面常常接接that引引导的的宾语从句。
从句 e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster. I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now. Note: 1. that 的省略：的省略：that 引引导的的宾语从句用来从句用来陈说现实，，that本身无本身无词义，在从句，在从句中不作任何成分，在口中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中中或非正式文体中经常可被省略常可被省略e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait.2. 宾语从句的否从句的否认转移：移：主句是主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等等时，从句中的否，从句中的否认习惯上要上要转移到主句中如：我以移到主句中如：我以为鸡不会游泳不会游泳误：：I think chickens can not swim.正：正：I don’t think chickens can swim.此外，上述情况在此外，上述情况在变成反意疑成反意疑问句句时，附加疑，附加疑问句要看从句，句要看从句，假假设主句的主主句的主语不是第一人称，那么附加疑不是第一人称，那么附加疑问句要看主句。
句要看主句试比比较：： I think he is wrong, isn’t he? He thinks he is right, doesn’t he? e.g. I hear (that) _______________________. 〔一小时后他会回来〕He said (that) ______________________. 〔他非常想念我们〕The teacher told us (that) ___________________________. 〔地球围着太阳转〕 he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sunBack BackC) Introduced by relative pronouns and adverbs〔〔衔接代接代词和和衔接副接副词〕〕一、构成：一、构成： 1. 1.宾语从句可由从句可由衔接代接代词what, who, whom, which等引等引导，，它它们在在宾语从句中可作主从句中可作主语、、宾语、表、表语和定和定语等，因此不等，因此不能省略。
能省略 Do you know who will come this afternoon? (作主作主语) Did you hear what he said? 〔作〔作宾语〕〕 I don’t know whose that is. 〔作表〔作表语〕〕 Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 〔作〔作gate的的定定语〕〕 2. 宾语从句可由从句可由衔接副接副词when, where, how, why等引等引导，，它它们在在宾语从句中作状从句中作状语，不可省略不可省略 We didn’t know when she would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? No one knows why she is late again. 由衔接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及衔接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句1. He asked __________________________. (谁能回答这个问题〕2. Do you know_________________________. 〔他们在等谁〕3. He asked __________________________________. 〔谁的书法是班上最好的〕※5. Do you know _______________.〔地球和月亮，哪一个比较小〕6. Please tell me _______________________. 〔我们什么时候开会〕7. Can you tell me _______________. 〔他在哪儿〕8. Could you tell me ______________________. 〔我该怎样去车站〕9. Would you tell me _________________〔为什么火车迟到了〕 who could answer the question whom they are waiting for whose handwriting was the best in the classWhich is smaller,the earth or the moon?When we will have the meeting where h ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is lateBack BackB) Introduced by if/whether if/whether都可作都可作宾语从句的引从句的引导词，意，意为“能否〞，在普通情况下可以互能否〞，在普通情况下可以互换。
if 多用多用于口于口语和非正式文体中，和非正式文体中，whether那么多用那么多用于比于比较正式的文体中如：正式的文体中如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain. BackNote: 只用只用whether的五种情况：的五种情况：1. 在介在介词后后I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.2. 与与or not连用用时I don’t know whether they will come to help usor not.3. 在在动词discuss或者其他介或者其他介词后面的后面的宾语从句中从句中We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.4. 宾语从句提早从句提早时只能用只能用whetherWhether this is true or not, I can’t say.5.whether后可以接后可以接动词不定式不定式We don’t know whether to go there tomorrow . 由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. I want to know __________________________________. 〔他能否跟我们一同去公园〕2. Ask him _____________________. 〔他能否能来〕3. I don’t know ___________________________.〔能否要下雨〕 if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or notBack 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈说句变为引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I 〞. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student 〞. He said that I was younger than him. He says that Tom is a good student. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系普通疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句e.g. She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? 〞 “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?〞 he asked. She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper. He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特殊疑问句变为特殊疑问句变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句等引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?〞 2. “How can we get to the post-office?〞 he asked. He asked where I lived. He asked how they could get to the post-office. 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 1、当主句的谓语动词是普通如今时或普通未来时，宾语、当主句的谓语动词是普通如今时或普通未来时，宾语 从句的谓语动词可以用所需求的任何一种时态。
从句的谓语动词可以用所需求的任何一种时态 2、当主句的谓语动词是普经过去时，宾语从句的谓语、当主句的谓语动词是普经过去时，宾语从句的谓语 动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句表达的内容动词要用相应的过去时态，但当宾语从句表达的内容 为客观真理时，依然用普通如今时为客观真理时，依然用普通如今时e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun. 注注 意：意：Back 四、四、宾语从句的从句的时态主句中主句中谓语动词是普通如今是普通如今时，从句中，从句中谓语动词的的时态不受不受限制，可根据限制，可根据详细情况情况选用适当的用适当的时态；主句；主句谓语动词是一是一般般过去去时，从句中也必需求用某种，从句中也必需求用某种过去去时态，以，以坚持持时态的的前后呼前后呼应特别要留意的是当要留意的是当宾语从句表示的是客从句表示的是客观真理、真理、科学原理、自然景象、名言科学原理、自然景象、名言时，那么用普通如今，那么用普通如今时，不受主句，不受主句时态的限制试比比较：：He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible.He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible.Tom says that he is mending his car.Tom said that he was mending his car.The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 二、二、难点：点： 1. 防止反复出防止反复出现衔接代接代词或或衔接副接副词；； e.g. *I can’t see that what is over there. 〔〔应去掉去掉that〕〕 2. 从句中的从句中的语序序为陈说语序；序； e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (应改改为：：…how old she is) 3. 从句中的从句中的时态与主句与主句时态前后呼前后呼应。
e.g. *She didn’t tell me when she will come. (应改改为：：…when she would come) 三、三、转换：： 1) 由由衔接代接代词和和衔接副接副词引引导的的宾语从句从句可用疑可用疑问代代词和疑和疑问副副词＋＋动词不定式替代，不定式替代，进展句型上的展句型上的转换 I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next. = I’ve no idea what to do next. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office? 三、转换：三、转换： 1〕〕find ,think 等动词后面等动词后面的宾语从句也可以用复合宾语〔的宾语从句也可以用复合宾语〔即宾语即宾语+宾语补足语〕来替代宾语补足语〕来替代nHe found that it was difficult to fall asleep because of the noise upstairs.n=He found it difficult to fall asleep because of the noise upstairs. 1.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)3.Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening. 4.I hear they __________ (return) it already. 5.He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6.He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)7.The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)8.I think you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)9.I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be) will be goes were playing has returned had been travels are talking were were doing 10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth ______(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _________ away the book already? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _________ to several times. (be)14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do) wrote moves has taken has been risesdid 将以下句子合并将以下句子合并为一句一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?you tell me?3. Do they like to make friends with us? He 3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.4. “ I am doing my homework.〞〞 He said. He said. 5. “I will come back.5. “I will come back.〞〞 Tom said. Tom said. 6. “Is he doing his homework?6. “Is he doing his homework?〞〞 Jim asked. Jim asked. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them. He said that he was doing his homework. Tom said that he would come back. Jim asked if he was doing his homework. 7. “When will he come back?〞 Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?〞 Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?〞 Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?〞 They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Ⅲ. The Attributive Clause (定定语从句从句) 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词定语从句必需放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用 This is Tom. Tom gave us a talk yesterday. ----This is Tom who (that) gave us a talk yesterday. 先行词 定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which 引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why 一一 、、who, whom, whose引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 1. who 在从句中作主语，不可省略，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必需是人e.g. This is the doctor who came her yesterday.2. whom在从句中作宾语，它所引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词必需是人，可以省略e.g. The man (whom) you saw last week has left the town. 留留意意：：在在从从句句中中作作介介词宾语时，，介介词普普通通可可放放在在whom之之前前，，也也可可放放在在原原来来的的位位置置上上。
在在含含有有介介词的的固固定定动词词组中介中介词只能放在原来的位置上只能放在原来的位置上e.g. a) The man from whom I borrowed the book is Li Lei. = The man whom I borrowed the book from is Li Lei. (前句中的前句中的whom不可省略，后句中的不可省略，后句中的whom可省略可省略) b) The girl whom he is taking care of is ill. (take care of是固定是固定词组) 3. whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，其所修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物e.g. I know the woman whose husband is a doctor. He lives in the house whose window faces south. 二、二、that, which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句这两两个个代代词均均指指物物，，它它们所所引引导的的定定语从从句句所所修修饰的的先先行行词是是物物,通常情况下，它通常情况下，它们可以互可以互换。
1. that, which在从句中作主在从句中作主语，不可省略不可省略 e.g. Hero is the film that/which was directed by Zhang Yimou.2. that, which在从句中作在从句中作宾语，可以省略可以省略 e.g. Is this the film (that/which) you talked about last week?留意：关系代留意：关系代词在作介在作介词宾语时，只能用，只能用which且不能省略且不能省略 e.g. The house in which he once lived is a meeting-room. = The house (which) he once lived in is a meeting-room. 知识拓展：知识拓展：引引导定定语从句的关系代从句的关系代词that和和which，在普通情况下，，在普通情况下，虽然然可以互可以互换运用，但在以下情况下，只能用运用，但在以下情况下，只能用that，而不用，而不用which：： 1. 先行词是复合不定代词everything, anything, nothing等时。
e.g. She didn’t forget anything (that) her mother had told her to buy.2. 先行先行词被序数被序数词或或the last修修饰时e.g. This is the first textbook (that) I studied in the primary school.He is in the last row that is next to the window.3. 先行先行词被描画被描画词最高最高级修修饰时e.g. That is the highest building (that) I have ever seen. 4. 先行先行词被被the only, the very, the same等修等修饰时e.g. This is the very novel (that) you want to borrow. 5. 先行词是或被all, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时， e.g. I’ve written down all (that )the teacher doesn’t allow us to do. They haven’t got any dictionaries (that) we need. 6. 先行先行词既包含人又包含物既包含人又包含物时。
e.g. He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard. 7. 主句是以主句是以who, which引引导的特殊疑的特殊疑问句句时e.g. Who is the man (that) you spoke to just now? Which is the book that was stolen by him? 8. 先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语 时 e.g. China is no longer the country (that) it used to be. 三、关系副词三、关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 〔在从句中作状语〕〔在从句中作状语〕1. where表示地点，它引表示地点，它引导的定的定语从句修从句修饰表地点的先行表地点的先行词e.g. This is the village where he was born.c.f. This is the village (that/which) he visited last year.2. when表示表示时间，它引，它引导的定的定语从句修从句修饰表表时间的先行的先行词。
e.g. I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.c.f. I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.3. why表示表示缘由，它引由，它引导的定的定语从句修从句修饰表表缘由的先行由的先行词e.g. The reason why he didn’t come yesterday is quite clear. 定语从句专练：定语从句专练：( ) 1. The number of people lost homes reached as many as 250,000. A. which B. who C. whom D. /( ) 2. This is the most beautiful part I have visited. A. which; ever B. that; never C. which; yet D. that; ever( ) 3. My necklace is not the only thing is missing. A. that B. which C. what D. /( ) 4. We’re talking about Tonny, you met yesterday. A. with who B. whom C. which D. that( ) 5. Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday? A. one B. where C. that D. whichB BD DA AB BC C ( ) 6. The book cover is red is Tom’s. A. which B. that C. / D. whose ( ) 7. The place I grew up is a beautiful town. A. which B. that C. where D. from which ( ) 8. I don’t think the number of people this happens is very large. A. who B. to which C. that D. to whom ( ) 9. Do you still remember one evening a week ago I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary? A. before B. which C. when D. as ( )10. Is that the novel about they talked in class yesterday? A. which B. that C. who D. /D DC CD DC CA A 。
