牛津沪教版六上英语专题讲解首字母填空.pdf

1 / 7 Teaching Content 专题讲解-首字母填空（一） Teaching Objects 掌握首字母填空的做题方法 Important Points 词性及词意的确定 Difficult Points 词性及词意的确定 Teaching Aids 三色笔、教案 Content 1.词汇量出了问题 2.词义理解出了问题 3.词性判断出了问题 4.词形变化出了问题 5.没有仔细检査 分类 词类 名称 意义 例词 功能 实词 名词 Noun(n.) 表示人或事物的名称 boy、bag 主、宾、表、定、补足、同位 代词 Pronoun (pron.) 主要用来代替名词或数词 we、some 主、宾、表、定、同位 数词 Numeral(num.) 表示人或事物的数目或顺序 one、second 主、宾、表、定 形容词 Adjective(a./ adj.) 表示人或事物的性质或特征， 用来修饰名词或代词 cute、good 表、定、状、 补足 副词 Adverb(ad./adv.) 表示时间、地点、程度等， 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等 recently、where、much 状 动词 Verb(v.) 表示动作或状态 open、know 谓 2 / 7 虚词 冠词 Article(art.) 用在名词前帮助说明其词义 a、an、the 不 能 单 独 作成分，需和其他 词 一 起 构成 短 语 在 句中作成分 介词 Preposition(prep.) 用在名词或代词前，表示该名词或代词与其他词的关系 on、by 连词 Conjunction(conj.) 用来连接词、短语或句子 and、but 感叹词 Interjection(interj 表示说话时的感情或语气 oh、wow 1. 通览全文，了解大意 依据首句给的启示，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。

在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想 Reading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons. First, reading books is f________. You can always keep yourself amused if you like reading… Next, you can read a book a________: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed— even in the bath… A________ good reason for reading books is that it is useful… Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true… Good readers are most likely to be good writers, too… 2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词 在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。

在阅读过程中，要注意上、 下文的关系， 这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处 有些短文填空题， 有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义 Next, you can read a book a________: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed—even in the bath… 3. 综合考虑，先易后难 遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用 4. 复读检验，消除疏漏 复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确从词性上下手，先确定填的是什么词性，接下来再想内容词接下来的台阶式训练法3 / 7 的第一关就是有关于词性训练的 台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应词性正确是答案正确的前提 (1) 对主语的判断 1. T_______ are helpful to students. 2. H_____ is more important to me than money. 3. F_______ is my favourite sport. 4. C________ stamps is my hobby. (2) 对谓语的判断 John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman began r_________ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.” (3) 对宾语的判断 1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d________ in Shanghaiafter his long absence from the city. 2. Thank you for your k_______. (4) 对表语的判断 1. It is i______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. 2. The sick man is getting w______. 3. Patrick is going to be an e______ when he grows up. 4. Such cold weather is quite u_____ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. 5. It’s a p______ to have a picnic with all the members. (5) 对定语的判断 1. The f_______ exams usually take place at the end of June. 2. On a c_____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. 3. This is an i_____book. 4. The French artist said, “it is my f_____ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. (6) 对状语的判断 1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kongso e______ 4 / 7 2. Watch c______, and you will find the difference between the two pictures. 3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s______ at last. (7) 对连词的判断 British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, s______ they have to work pretty hard! 台阶二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。

熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步 1. Fried food tastes quite good, but in fact it is ________ food. (health) 2. Tom’s ______ made the people all over the world sad. (die) 3. Let me ________ myself to everyone. (introduction) 4. Jack’s parents are proud of his ________. (honest) 5. Luckily, the man wasn’t ________ hurt. (bad) 6. I saw a dog ________ (lie) in front of our house this morning. 台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力 Exercise: Guess the missing word. 1. ________ are helpful to students. 2. ________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. ________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. ________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy. 台阶四：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段 练习的时候可以由浅入深的，刚开始可以看点简单的，关键还是锻炼自己判断词性的能力。

A driver stopped his car on a street side to have a rest. He lay down in the seat and c_____ his eyes. A man came up and k_____ at the window to ask the time. The driver o______ his eyes and looked at his watch. "It's 8 a.m." he said. Then he went to sleep again. But soon he woke up b________ a second person was knocking at the window. "Sir, do you have the time?" he asked. The driver looked at his watch again, and told the man it was 8:30a.m. At this rate, he could not have a good rest, so he wrote a short n______ and put it upon the window for all to see. It s_______: "I don't have the time." Again the man lay down in the seat for his sleep. A few minutes later, a t______ person came along 5 / 7 and began knocking at the window. “Hay, sir,” he said. "It is a quarter to nine." 台阶五：熟能生巧阶段。

要做到举重若轻，必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能 题材：礼仪文化 时间：7' At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat，especially for students or people who have just finished school，because flats are usually expensive．And m ____1____ is not the only reason for having a roommate．Sharing a flat can be fun． But life with a roommate can also be a t ____2___ experience．Some experts(专家)did a study of college students who shared a room．They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students ． So， how can you l___3____ with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice: Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you don’t see them very o___4___．So， before you plan to share a room with a friend，discuss the situation carefully． If you decide to share a room with someone you don’t know，talk to each other．It’s important to be h___5___ about your habits and things you hate． When you move in with a roommate，make rules．Decide how you will share h____6___，such as cleaning，washing and shopping．Will you share food? Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud music? Don’t get angry at small things that your roommate does．Try to f___7___ the unhappy things between you and your roommate．No one — including you — is perfect．(上海 2013 中考真题) Exercises [from Previous SHEE] Ⅰ. Choose the best answer .(选出最恰当的答案) ： 1. What ______ fine work, isn’t it?` A./ B. the C. a D. an 2. He used _____ in the countryside. A. live B. to living C. living D. to live 学以致用 6 / 7 3. The dish tastes________. A. wonderfully B. badly C delicious D. nicely 4. We must do exercise to make ourselves _______. A. enough healthy B. healthy enough C. enough health D. health enough 5. Can you keep the children _____ , please? It’s too noisy. A. quite B. quitely C. quiet D. quietly 6.What ______ you ______? A do, need to buy B. need ,to buy C. do, need buy D need, buying 7 .______ a sunny morning, we went shopping. A. In B. On C. At D. From 8. ---I don’t play the piano every day. ---_____. A. So he do B. Neither he does C. Neither does he D. So does he 9. ________ does it take you to come to school? A .How often B. How much C. How many D. How long 10._____ carefully before you answer the question. A. To think B. Think C. Thinking D. Thinks Ⅱ.Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子） 11. The shop is on the __________ floor in the shopping center. (five) 12. Every year a lot of __________ come to Shanghai to do some shopping. (visit) 13. We saved money to help _________ animals in great need. (home) 14. My sister is much ___________ than me after doing a lot of exercise regularly.(health) 15. __________, wait for the cooking oil to cool. Put some garlic powder on it. (final) 16.The Summer Palace is one of the most ______ places of interest in Beijing.(excite) Ⅲ. Rewrite the sentences as required（按要求改写句子，将答案填入答题纸内，每空格限填一词） 17. Mary needs to buy a silk scarf as her mother’s birthday present.( 否定句) Mary _______ ________ to buy a silk scarf as her mother’s birthday present. 18.We have already visited the Great Wall.（改为一般疑问句） _________ you visited the Great Wall __________? 19. Let’s watch DVDs in the hall. (改为反意疑问句) Let’s watch DVDs in the hall,____________ ____________ ? 20.I can see this information sign in the park. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ you see this information sign? 21.Of all the singers, his favourite singer is Jay Chou. (保持句子意思不变) Of all the singers, he_______ Jay Chou ________. 22.Japan is in East Asia. China is in East Asia, too. (合并为一句) _________ Japan _______ China are in East Asia. 23. It takes the moon about a month to move around the earth. （对划线部分提问） _______ _______does it take the moon to move around the earth? Ⅳ.Reading comprehension（阅读理解） Life in the past was much harder than it is today because people didn’t have modern things to live 7 / 7 with great peace and convenience. Now, people can have a c 72 and enjoyable life with the help of modern machines and medicine. However, life today has got some new problems. One of the biggest is p 73 . In big cities, heavy traffic pollutes the air and makes cities so noisy . In addition, people use machines to make more d 74 water which pollutes our rivers and lakes. T_75__ have a better life, we must work hard to fight against pollution. The first thing we must do is to make rules, for example, we must clean the water before it is put into rivers. We must plant more trees instead of c 76 them down. And we can build more underground lines to help reduce(减少)air pollution as well as noise pollution. The more we help reduce pollution, the better our life will be in the future. Therefore, we must work harder to have a more p 77 and convenient life. It’s our duty from now on! 72.________ 73 ________ 74. ________ 75.________ 76.________ 77. ________ Reflection Homework 。