新概念英语第四册Lesson 15 Secrecy in industry.docx

新概念英语第四册Lesson 15 Secrecy in industry★无忧考网新概念英语频道为大家整理的新概念英语第四册Lesson 15 Secrecy in industry，供大家参考更多阅读请查看本站（新概念英语）频道Lesson 15Secrecy in industry工业中的隐秘 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音，然后答复以下问题 Why is secrecy particularly important in the chemical industries? Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have their names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking. J.D. BERNAL The Social Function of Science New words and expressions secrecy n. 隐秘effectivenessn. 成效，效力inquiryn. 调查讨论positiveadj. 的确的processn. 过程patentn. 专利；v. 得到专利权agentn. 情报人员 本文参考译文 有两个因素严峻地阻碍工业中科学讨论的效率：一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密气氛；二是讨论人员缺乏个人自由。

任何一项讨论都涉及到保密，那些从事科研的人员自然受到了限制他们不能和其他国家、其他大学、甚至往往不能与本公司的其他部门的同行们进展有效的接触保密程度自然差异很大某些大公司进展的讨论属于一般和根底的讨论，因此不保密对他们才有利然而，依靠这种讨论的许多工艺程序是在完全保密的状况下进展的，直到可以取得专利权的阶段为止更多的工艺过程根本就不会取得专利权，而是作为秘方保存着在这化学工业方面尤为突出同物理和机械工业相比，化学工业中偶然发觉的时机要多得多有时，保密竟到达了这样的程度，即连讨论工作的整共性质都不准提及比方，许多公司向图书馆借阅科技书籍时感到困难，由于它们不愿让人家登记它们公司的名字和借阅的某一本书他们生怕别的公司的情报人员据此摸到他们可能要从事的某项科研工程 本资料由网友整理上传 。