英语专四必过包含语法写作新闻等.doc

专四语法一周洁语法 15分钟 包括：语法 50% 词汇 50% 要求：30秒做一道题完型 15分钟 包括：语法 15% 词汇 85% （70%单词 15%词组）词汇： 以98—08年真题 约160道题为例词性考点：1 固定搭配 25道 15%2 动词词义辨析 34道 25% （如及物动词，不及物动词，及物动词是跟双宾语，还是单宾语，还是宾语+宾补）3 名词词义辨析 31道 22% 4 形容词义辨析 31道 22%5 副词词义辨析 11道 8% 6 短语辨析 11道 8%语法：1三大从句；2 非谓语动词 3 虚拟语气 4 时态、语态5 其他：（1）形容词、副词的比较结构及固定句型；（2）主谓一致（3）反意问句（4）倒装（5）省略（6）强调句式注：所有注有★的都表示是重点，需熟练掌握一、 虚拟语气—反事实假设1 if 引导的虚拟if从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式 (be 动词变为were)would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反had donewould/should/could/might +have done与将来事实相反(1)should+do; (2)were to+dowould/should/could/might+do考点：(1) 省略if的虚拟倒装；在if引导的虚拟从句中，如含有助动词had, should, were时，可以省略if, 将三个助动词提到主语前形成倒装：Had+主语+done Had+主语+ not done Should+主语+do Should+主语+not doWere+主语+to do were+主语+not to do(2) 含蓄虚拟：用介词或介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟形式。

读出意思即可确定答案如：without, but for；(3) 错综虚拟（混合虚拟）：主从句动作不在一个时间段上发生，解题方法：对号入座—主句时态套主句，从句时态套从句如：1998年43题；2000年59题；2002年60题；2005年51题，63题；2007年54题2 其他形式虚拟：（1）wish/wished +主语+①+过去式 与现在事实相反②+would do/could do 与将来事实相反③+would have done/could have done 与过去事实相反Eg: I wish I would set out tomorrow. 时态以从句时态为主如果从句没有时态标志，看句意2）as if, as though同wish（3）if only同wish 2006年52题（4）would rather同wish （但would rather do不同，注意区别）（5）★用在表示建议、命令、要求等动词后名词从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）中：Demand, urge, move, suggest, request, order, command, propose, recommend, advise, require, desire, insist+ that +主语+(should) do / (should) be done解题方法：1 划出标志词；2选出动词原形。

①宾语从句：主语+谓语（建议、命令、要求）+that +主语 + (should) do②主语从句：It is/was+ adj/Ved+ that+主语+ (should) doDone: proposed,, requested, suggested, advisable, recommended, desired, desirable, urgent, imperative★, important, vital, essential, necessary;2004年56题；2006年59题；2007年65题③表语从句/同位语从句：suggestion, proposal, advice, requirement, request, command, recommendation, desire, motion, demand.表语从句：主语（表示建议、命令、要求）+系动词+表语Eg: My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.同位语从句：主语（表建议、命令、要求）+that+…+谓语+宾语Eg: My suggestion that he go with us is right. （6）★It is/was time/high time/about time +主语+did 早该做某事了。

1999年59题；2002年61题；2005年60题；2006年54（7）lest/for fear/in case that + 主语+should do (此处should一般不省略)： 以免，万一8）★跳层虚拟：真实+ or/otherwise+虚拟 虚拟+ but+真实跳层虚拟常考过去式，跳层虚拟一般用could have done, would have done. Eg: I did not study hard. Or I could have passed the exam. I could have passed the exam but I did not study hard. I would have called you but I did not know your telephone number. 3 情态动词+have done: 对过去事情的推测；Must have done 对过去事情的肯定猜测 Eg: It must have rained last night. (mustn’t have done ×)Should/ought to have done 该做而未做（含责备）Eg: You should have come and attended the meeting. Should not/oughtn’t to have done 不该做而做了（含责备）Eg: You should not have gone to see the movie. Needn’t have done 做了不必做的事 Could have done 能够做而没做May have done（弱语气）或许，不肯定的猜测 Need do, 作情态动词；need to do 作实义动词Need doing=need to be done 1998年52题；1999年58题；2000年58题；2007年56题专四语法二二、 非谓语To do/not to do Doing/not doing Done考点：固定搭配及固定句型，按单词记；非谓语常考成份：非谓语作状语的区别★，和作定语的区别。

一）to do/ not to do1 时态、语态vtvi主动被动主动一般式★To doTo be doneTo do完成式★To have doneTo have been doneTo have done进行式To be doing×To be doing完成进行式To have been doing×To have been doing注：to do一般式表示动作将要发生或同时发生；不定式完成式表示动作要先于主句谓语动作之前发生不定式完成式不能做定语2 常考固定搭配和固定句型（1）V+to do: to do做宾语常跟不定式做宾语的谓语动词有：aim, ask, agree, claim, bother, fail, pretend, tend, plan, refuse, prepare, volunteer, be said to do, be believed to do,常用不定式的句型：It takes sb some time to do. It is adj. for sb/of sb to do. (adj修饰to do时用for；adj修饰sb时用of)（2）V+do: 使役动词：常考主动: let, make, have；感官动词：常考被动。

变为被动语态时，原来省略的to要加上Let, make, have + sb+ do The boss made him work day and night. He was made to work day and night. Have sth done ①遭遇不幸；②让某人做某事 He has his wallet stolen. I have my hair cut. Get sth done/ make sth done; get sb to do I got my bicycle repaired. 感官动词：See/ hear /notice / watch / feel +sb + doing（强调正在进行）/do（强调动作的全过程或表示将要）1999年53题；2002年56题；2004年58题；3 成份：除谓语外的所有成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语1）不定式作主语与动名词作主语区别：to do表具体的，一次性的动作；而动名词表示一般的，抽象的，多次性的动作2）不定式作表语be to do计划好，规定好的事，表将要的动作。

I am to study English abroad.=I am going to study English abroad. （3）作定语名词+to do/to be done 表示将要 名词+doing/being done 表示进行 名词+done 表示完成，表被动 The meeting to be held/ the meeting being held/ the meeting held（4） 作状语： ①To do, 主谓宾 （表目的）= In order to do, 主谓宾 To pass the exam, we came here.=In order to pass the exam, we came here. ②主谓宾 + to do/in order to do表目的 主谓宾 + so as to do 不能用于句首We came here to study English/ in order to study English/so as to study English. ③主谓宾, to do/ in order to do表结果 eg：He studied hard, to pass the exam. I picked up the phone, only to find that it was a wrong number. 注：作状语时，一般用to do，而不用doing/done。

二)doing/not doing。