外研版初二宾语从句复习版本1.doc
9页课题: 初二 宾语从句的复习 备课人: Laura 课型: 复习 备课时间: 科目: 本备课适合学生: 教学目标: 针对初二学生,同步复习宾语从句教学内容: 一、基本讲解1.概念2.连接词(引导词)that, if/whether,特殊疑问词3.宾语从句时态 *当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制 *当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态二、宾语从句的转化1. 否定前移 I think/believe/guess等表看法的动词引出的宾语从句时2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构3. 当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致,这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”4.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时5. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构三、宾语从句小口诀重点难点:1.宾语从句语序 2. 宾语从句时态 3. 否定前移及缩略形式教学策略与方法: 教学过程设计:宾语从句专讲专练导入部分:我们学习宾语从句,首先要知道什么是宾语?给一个句子出来,你能找出它的宾语吗?I know him. 我认识他。
请标注出句子的主语,谓语,宾语主语 谓语 宾语再来看另一个句子,找出它和例句1的区别I know who he is. 我知道他是谁 同样请标注出句子的主语,谓语,宾语主语 谓语 宾语从句引出概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句导入句子结构:从上面的例句,你能找出句子的结构吗?引出句子结构:I know + who + he is主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句看下面概念部分,理解宾语从句的结构类型一、基本讲解1 概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语例句 He said (that)he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down. (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2.连接词 对应练习一、二 (先从上面的例句 让学生关注引导词,并询问是否知道这些引导词应该在什么情况下使用,引导学生还原从句的句式(可问学生见过没有,语序原本是否这样?),然后直接告诉宾语从句的引导词根据宾语从句是什么类型的句子而决定的) 句子分为陈述句,一般疑问句和特殊疑问句等,宾语从句所用的连接词根据所转换的句型而决定。
1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用 that,that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略那样说的”)He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.(2) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的宾语从句,表示“是否”的意思,所以不能省略而且从句必须要转换成陈述语序!I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 他住那里吗?---- 他是否住那里He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 我能帮他吗?---- 我是否能帮他注意:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用, 但有些情况例外做介宾,连不定式或not)a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时, 只用whether. Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether you go or not?c. if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether. (从意思即可判断) If you have time, please come. 如果你有时间的话,请过来。
3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词 (连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how) ;在这些疑问词在从句中充当一定的成分,而且有一定的意思,所以不能省略而且从句必须要转换成陈述语序!Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don’t know why the train is late.值得分析的特殊情况:例题:What do you think ______? ( )A. he will say B. will he say 有人选B,因为do you think是插入语,可以省略,所以依旧按疑问句词序选择.也有人认为What he will say 是作do you think 的宾语从句,所以按陈述句词序,然后在把what提前分析: A 对,do you think 虽是插入语,但do 已经提前,即便将do you think放在句首,后边肯定也只用A ,he will say,陈述句次序。
但一般按习惯说What do you think he will say. 因此,特殊情况的结论是 当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+do you think+陈述句语序3. 宾语从句时态 对应练习三和四部分a.当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态例如:Do you know(if/whether he has seen the film)?I don’t think (that) you are right.Please tell us what they bought in the mall yesterday.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?注意:if在宾语从句中做引导词表示“是否”,但在条件状语从句中,表示“如果”,且在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来请看以下题目:( ) I don’t know if he ____ tomorrow.A. come B. comes C. will comeB.( ) If he____, I will call you.A. come B. comes C. will comeb.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:I didn't know (if/whether he had seen the film.)He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Tony.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时例如:He said (that the earth moves round the sun.)The teacher told us (that light travels much faster than sound.) 二、宾语从句的转化 (以上是认识,本部分转向运用) 对应练习五1. 否定前移 在I think/believe/guess等表看法的动词引出的宾语从句时,如果后面的宾语从句表否定,则要否定前移我认为你是不对的I _____ you _______ right.我相信他明天不会来参加这个晚会。
I ______ he ______ to this party tomorrow.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构如:She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 3.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致,这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构”例如:I don't know which sweater I should buy.→ I don't know which sweater to buy.4.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和主句间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
如:Could you tell me how I can get to the park? 从句的主语I和主句间接宾语me一致,因此可转换成Could you tell me how to get to the park?5. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式如:She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.三、宾语从句小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式宾语从句专项练习一、用合适的连接词填空考连接词)1. Jim told me ____ he didn'。





