中考英语现在完成时时态讲解与习题.pdf
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初中现在完成时时态讲解一、注意弄清时态的实际意义现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果They have left. -他们已经离开了 ,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了 ,也就是说我现在不饿也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能有可能停止，或有可能继续延续下去He has learned English since 2001. -从 2001 年开始学的 ,现在还在继续学着呢二、基本句型结构现在完成时的构成形式：have /has ( 助动词 )+done(过去分词 ) I/You/They/We have talked . He/She has talked. 现在完成时的否定结构就是在助动词have或 has后加上否定词 not；I/You/They/We havent(have not) talked . He/She hasn t(has not) talked.其一般疑问句就是将助动词have或 has提到句首，Have I/You/They/We talked . Has he/she talked. 肯定的简略回答是： Yes，主语 have/has .，否定的简略回答是： No，主语 have/has not. 。
如：I have seen the film. Have you seen the film？Yes， I have./No， I haven t.三、 注意掌握两种基本用法1. “ 过去的经历 ” ：动作发生在过去的某一时刻且已经结束，但未说明动作发生的具体时间或情景，强调该经历 (即动作发生后 )对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果如：I have heard of the man. 我听说过这个人2. “完成情况 ” ： 表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能继续延续下去句子中一般有说明其完成情况的短语或从句句子中有 “ 已发生了多久 ” 的时间状语的短语或从句如：I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在上海说明 “ 到说话时为止，已完成了多少” 即句中，含有表示 “ 完成了多少 ” 的宾语或表示动作发生次数的状语如： I have read the book three times. 这本书我看了三遍四一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了 ）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语一般过去时的时间状语 : yesterday, last week ，ago, in1990, in October, just now,from.on, - 具体的过去时间状语现在完成时的时间状语 : for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960 ）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。
She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的 ) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续 ) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).是团员的状态可持续 )五比较延续动词与瞬间动词延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用He has finished the work.他已完成了那项工作表结果 ) I ve known him since then.我从那时起就认识他了表经历 )注意延续性动词和短暂性动词的用法1. 短暂性动词与短暂性时间(时间点 )连用如：He joined the Party three years ago. 他入党三年了 (他三年前入党的 ) 2. 用“It is/has been 时间段 since ”句型如： It is/has been three years since I bought the book. 这本书我买了三年了。
(从买这本书起到现在已三年了) 3. 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for 时间段” 或“since 时间点 ” 如：He has been in the Greener China for three years.- He has been a member of the Greener China fot three years.他加入 “ 绿色中国 ” 已经三年了The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 英语延续动词与非延续动词的转换延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用表示时间段的短语有 : for+一段时间 :for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词 ,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time 等非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作 ,这种动作发生后立即结束如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy 等非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例:He died 5 years ago. 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have begin/start - be on die - be dead finish - be over open sth - keep sth open fall ill - be ill get up-be up catch a cold - have a cold come here - be here go there - be there become - be come back - be back fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) leave - be away from get to know - know go (get) out be out put on wear比较 since和 for since 用来说明动作起始时间 “ 自从”for 用来说明动作延续时间长度 “ 长达”I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。
) I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作 ) 比较 have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in He went to Shanghai last week 上周他 做了一件事 :那就是 去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了 He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了也许刚动身出发 ,也许已经到了 ,也许还在路上 ,反正他人不在这里 He has been in Shanghai for 10 years. 他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了 现在还在上海没有离开呢 He lived in Shanghai for 10 years. 以前他在上海住过10 年现在不在上海了 六、现在完成时的标志词及需要用现在完成时的常见句型1、现在完成时的时间状语及其他标志词: for, since;so far,up to now, by now; ever, never, just, before, yet, already；till/until, in the past few years; recently, lately; .times; how long等。
2、需要用现在完成时的常见句型在表示将来的时间状语和条件句中用现在完成时代替一般现在时It s the +序数词 +time that +现在完成时的从句It s the first time that I have been here.It s/This s the + 形容词最高级 +名词+that +现在完成时的从句This is the fantastic film that I have ever seen.It s +基数词 +years/hours等+since. It has been+基数词 +years/hours等+since. 基数词 +years/hours等 has passed +since. 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1. He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.。
