(NEW)吴定柏《美国文学大纲》（第2版）笔记和考研真题详解.pdf

目录 第1章殖民地时期的美国文学 1.1复习笔记 1.2考研真题与典型题详解 第2章早期的浪漫主义 2.1复习笔记 2.2考研真题与典型题详解 第3章超验主义 3.1复习笔记 3.2考研真题与典型题详解 第4章浪漫主义 4.1复习笔记 4.2考研真题与典型题详解 第5章现实主义 5.1复习笔记 5.2考研真题与典型题详解 第6章地方色彩小说 6.1复习笔记 6.2考研真题与典型题详解 第7章自然主义 7.1复习笔记 7.2考研真题与典型题详解 第8章现代诗歌 8.1复习笔记 8.2考研真题与典型题详解 第9章1945年之前的现代小说 9.1复习笔记 9.2考研真题与典型题详解 第10章战后的现实主义小说 10.1复习笔记 10.2考研真题与典型题详解 第11章垮掉的一代 11.1复习笔记 11.2考研真题与典型题详解 第12章美国的女性作家 12.1复习笔记 12.2考研真题与典型题详解 第13章美国犹太作家 13.1复习笔记 13.2考研真题与典型题详解 第14章黑人文学 14.1复习笔记 14.2考研真题与典型题详解 第15章南方文学 15.1复习笔记 15.2考研真题与典型题详解 第16章后现代小说 16.1复习笔记 16.2考研真题与典型题详解 第17章现代戏剧 17.1复习笔记 17.2考研真题与典型题详解 第1章殖民地时期的美国文学 1.1复习笔记 . Native American Literature 1. Background 2. Traditional Literature 3. Transitional Literature 4. Modem Literature . Literature of Colonial Settlements 1. Background 2. Puritanism 3. Literature of Early Settlements 4. Characteristics . Literature of the Eighteenth Century 1. Background 2. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) (1) Life (2) Literary Achievements 3. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) (1) Life (2) Literary Achievements (3) Autobiography (4) Style 4. Thomas Paine (1737-1809) (1) Life (2) Literary Achievements 5. Philip Freneau (1752-1832) (1) Life (2) Literary Achievements . Native American Literature 1. Background (1) When Christopher Columbus reached the continent of North America in 1492, there were more than two thousand independent tribes of about one million natives. They were Asian in origin. (2) All Indian tribes have a rich store of oral literature in the forms of songs, prayers, spells, charms, riddles, and stories. Different tribes have different literary tastes. 美国本土文学 1. 背景 (1) 1492年，克里斯多弗哥伦布到达北美洲，那里有两千多个独立的部 落，大约一百万土著亚洲居民。

(2) 所有印第安部落的口头文学都很丰富，形式多种多样，包括歌曲， 祈祷，符咒，谜语和故事等不同的部落文学风格不同 2. Traditional Literature The traditional literature was originally transmitted almost entirely by word of mouth. For a long time, Indians saw literature as functional. 2. 传统文学 传统文学几乎都是以口头形式传播很长一段时间，印第安人认为文学 是功能性的 3. Transitional Literature It is represented by translations of the great Indian orators of the 19th century and memoirs of the Indian experience in relation to white dominance. 3. 过渡文学 过渡文学指的是19世纪印第安演讲者的翻译和印第安生活中涉及白人占 主导地位的回忆 4. Modern Literature The modern literature includes novels, short stories, and poetry written in English by native Americans of the 19th-21st centuries. 4. 现代文学 现代文学包括19世纪到21世纪美国文学家创作的英语长篇小说，短篇小 说和诗歌。

. Literature of Colonial Settlements 1. Background (1) The earliest colonial forces that came to North America were Spanish. (2) In 1620 Pilgrims, mostly humble country folks, stepped on the New England shore at Plymouth. . 殖民地时期的文学 1. 背景 (1) 最早到达北美洲的殖民者是西班牙人 (2) 1620年，清教徒，主要是谦逊的农村人，来到新英格兰地区的普利 茅斯 2. Puritanism American Puritan was a practical idealist. He had an urge for religious freedom; he had thirst for greater economic opportunity, for land, and for adventure. He was a doctrinaire and an opportunist. 2. 清教徒 美国的清教徒是实际的理想主义者。

他强烈要求宗教自由；渴望更多的 经济机会，渴望土地和冒险清教徒既是教条主义者，又是机会主义 者 3. Literature of Early Settlements (1) Literature of the New England Settlements is mainly a literary expression of the Puritan idealism. (2) John Smiths A Map of Virginia (1612) and A Description of the Country (1616) are boasting accounts of his adventures in America. (3) Anne Bradstreet was a woman poet and her poems in The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650) reflect the concerns of women who came to settle in the colonies. 3. 早期文学 (1) 新英格兰早期的文学主要表达了清教徒的唯心主义。

(2) 约翰史密斯的弗吉尼亚的地图(1612)和国家描述(1616)鼓吹 了他在美国的探险历程 (3) 安妮布莱德斯特里特是一位女诗人，她的代表作最近在北美出现 的第十位缪斯(1650)反映了到殖民地安顿下来的女性所面临的问题 4. Characteristics All of the works written during this period are utilitarian, polemical, or didactic. The purpose of literature for these Puritans was first of all usefulness. 4. 特点 这一时期的所有作品都是功利的，好辩的或说教的为清教徒服务的文 学目的首先是有用性 . Literature of the Eighteenth Century 1. Background Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin were representatives of the eighteenth century. They embodied Puritan naive idealism and crude materialism. The 18th century America experienced an age of reason and order. . 18世纪的文学 1. 背景 乔纳森爱德华兹和本杰明富兰克林是18世纪的代表，他们代表了清教 徒天真的唯心主义和原始的唯物主义。

18世纪的美国是个理性和秩序的 时代 2. Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) (1) Life Edwards was the last great voice to reassert Calvinism in America. He admired their great religious fervor and devotion. Edwards, however, went too far and was dismissed from his church in 1750. 2. 乔纳森爱德华兹(1703-1758) (1) 生平 爱德华兹是美国最后一个复古加尔文主义的代表人，爱德华兹崇尚他 们的宗教热情和忠诚 然而，爱德华兹偏离了初衷1750年，他被教堂解雇 (2) Literary Achievements The Personal Narrative was written around 1740. It is a short account of how he came to faith and how he felt when he got the belief. (2) 文学成就 个人叙述写于1740年，记述他如何信仰宗教以及信仰宗教之后的感 受。

3. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) (1) Life Franklin was born in Boston. In 1729, he already owned his own printing shop and published the newspaper Pennsylvania Gazette. His humble origins, dedication to self-improvement and genius for business set an example for “self-made man.” 3. 本杰明富兰克林(1706-1790) (1)生平 富兰克林生于波士顿1729年，他已经拥有了自己的复印店，出版了 报纸宾夕法尼亚州公报 他卑微的出。