subjunctivemood（大学英语虚拟语气）.ppt

 A friend of mine wanted to copy my answers, but I refused. Now he doesn’t think I’m his true friend. What shall I do? Can you give me advice?If I were you, I would do…虚拟语气虚拟语气•Exercise 1:1.--- I paid him 200 yuan for the sneakers. ---- Oh, he charged you too much. You__ them with half the money. A. could have bought B. needn’t have bought C. must have bought D. wouldn’t have boughtA虚拟语气虚拟语气2. --Most students went to the museum yesterday. It’s a pity you were absent. ---I wish I ____. A. had B. did C. weren’t D. would 3. I wouldn’t marry Pat even if she ____ the last woman on earth. A. is B. was C. been D. wereAD虚拟语气虚拟语气•4. —Your sister nearly ___ all her spare time to her study during the three years.• ---That’s right, or she___ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.A. devoted, wouldn’t have taken B. spent, wouldn’t have taken C. hadn’t developed, hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent, couldn’t takeA 1 陈述语气陈述语气（（the Indicative Mood））表示动作表示动作 或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用 于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句Mood 2 祈使语气祈使语气（（the Imperative Mood））用来表示用来表示 说话人对对方的请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝说话人对对方的请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝 告等 3 虚拟语气虚拟语气（（the Subjunctive Mood））表示动作表示动作 或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主 观愿望、虚拟假设或是不可能实现的与事实相观愿望、虚拟假设或是不可能实现的与事实相 反的愿望反的愿望二、虚拟语气的考点二、虚拟语气的考点 1 1、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；、一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法；2 2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4 4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法；5 5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。

虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定虚拟语气虚拟语气一、在条件从句中一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句叫虚拟条件句)，，表示与事表示与事实相反的条件分三种情况实相反的条件分三种情况(以以 do 为例为例)：：虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句在条件从句中中表示与事实情表示与事实情况相反况相反条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况表示现在情况过去式过去式(did)(be常用常用 were)Would / could / might / should +动词原形动词原形(do)表示过去情况表示过去情况过去完成式过去完成式(had +done)上面上面4个情态动词个情态动词+have done表示将来情况表示将来情况①①过去式过去式 (did)②②should + do ③③were to do4个情态动词个情态动词 + do虚拟语气虚拟语气[例句例句]1.If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了与过与过去事实相反去事实相反)2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。

明天要是天气好的话，我来看你与将来事实可与将来事实可能相反能相反)3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走假如我是你的话，我会马上走与现在事实相反，与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你事实上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气二、省略二、省略 if 的条件从句的条件从句当从句中有当从句中有 were, had 或或 should 时，可省略时，可省略if ，，而把它们放在句首而把它们放在句首•If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,…•If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Steve said that if he ___ how it worked, he ____ me what to do. A. knows, would tell B. had known,would have told C. know, would have told D. had known,would tell 2.____ right away, you would arrive there by 5 o’clock p.m A. Would you leave B. Will you please C. Were you to leave D. If you will leaveBC虚拟语气虚拟语气三、错综时间的条件句三、错综时间的条件句 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同。

此时，需即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同此时，需要按时间来确定相应的虚拟形式如：要按时间来确定相应的虚拟形式如：1.If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些 2.If I were you, I would have accepted this job yesterday.要是我是你的话，我昨天就接受这份要是我是你的话，我昨天就接受这份工作了虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：虚拟语气在复合句中的应用：三、错综时间的条件句三、错综时间的条件句1.从句和过去相反，主句和现在相反从句和过去相反，主句和现在相反If +主语+had done, 主语+would/should/might/could+do2. 从句和现在相反，主句和过去相反从句和现在相反，主句和过去相反If +主语+did/were, 主语+would/should/might/could+have done虚拟语气虚拟语气•1.If I had worked harder at school, • I ____ in a comfortable office now• A. would sit B. would have sat• C. would be sitting D. were sitting•2.If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you____ be all right now.• A. will be B. are• C. would have been D. wouldCD虚拟语气虚拟语气1、、记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：一个记住：这些动词后面接的宾语从句：一个 “坚持坚持”(insist),一个一个 “决定决定”(decide),两个两个 “命令命令(order, command),四个四个“议议”(suggest, advise, propose, recommend),五个五个 “请求请求”(demand, request, require, desire, ask)等动词引导等动词引导的宾语从句中用的宾语从句中用should + do 构成构成, should 可以省略。

可以省略虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气1.I suggested not only____ the meeting but also give a speech there.A. will be attend B. his attendingC. should he attend D. he should attend2.The captain commanded that the soldiers ___ launch another attack on the enemy at once.A. should B. must C. could D. had toCA虚拟语气虚拟语气2、、记住：记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气各有两种意思，要用不同的语气Insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;Insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实时，用陈述语气，表示事实Suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形式。

时，用虚拟形式Suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气时，用陈述语气[例句例句]1)The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. But we didn’t.Look, his expression is suggesting that he is angry.老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了但我们没做老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了但我们没做. 看看,他的脸他的脸色表明他生气了色表明他生气了. 2)He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿 3)He insisted that he was right.他坚持说他是对的他坚持说他是对的.虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气•All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.• A. should be, be operated on• B. were, must be operated on• C. was, should be operated• D. was, be operated onD虚拟语气虚拟语气 3.wish接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况： 1) 现在：用过去式现在：用过去式 2) 过去：用过去完成式过去：用过去完成式 (had done) 3) 将来：用情态动词将来：用情态动词(would / could) + do虚拟语气虚拟语气[例句例句]1. I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。

我希望她能站在我一边 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁我但愿自己能年轻三十岁3. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好职业我希望你能找到一个好职业4. He wished he hadn't done it. 他想要是他没这样做该多他想要是他没这样做该多好 虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气4.在在would (had) rather(宁愿宁愿) 引导的宾语从引导的宾语从句中句中would prefer, would sooner,would just as soon, just as soon 当从句表示当从句表示现在现在或或将来将来的时间时的时间时,谓语动词谓语动词要用要用did;表示表示过去过去时间时时间时,谓语动词要用谓语动词要用had doneI would rather he came tomorrow than today. I would prefer you had gone there yesterday. 虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 虚拟语气虚拟语气•He would rather that you ____ the book to him last week.• A. returned B. return• C. are returning D. had returned D虚拟语气虚拟语气1.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 及及 “It’s a pity (shame, surprise, no wonder) that….”中，中，that 后面的后面的从句中的谓语动词用：从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形动词原形 ,should 可省略可省略.[例句例句]1.It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。

我们有必要出去散散步 2.It’s a pity that she should be absent. 多可惜多可惜,他竟然不来上课他竟然不来上课3.It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人重要的是我们要照顾好病人 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中2.“It is (was) + 过去分词过去分词 + that…” 结构中的结构中的虚拟语气虚拟语气, 其构成是其构成是“should＋＋动词原形动词原形”常用的过去分词常用的过去分词: suggested , recommended, ordered, required , demanded , requested , desiredeg: It is recommended that the three top students in the compitition (should) be admitted by QiHua University.虚拟语气虚拟语气1.He found it necessary that the application forms ____ back before the deadline. A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent2. It’s a surprise that he ____ so careless. A. was B. will be C. should be D. can be 3.Was it advised by the doctor that my mother ____ an operation at once? A. must have B. had C. have D. had had CCC在在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision, demand, desire, recommendation, requirement 等名词后的等名词后的表语从表语从句句和和同位语从句同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。

其构成是中要用虚拟语气其构成是“(should)＋＋动词原形动词原形”eg. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Many representatives were in favor of his proposal that a special committee ____ to investigate the incident. A. were set up B. was set up C. be set up D. set up2.The boss didn’t meet her requirement that she ____ . A. be well paid B. got well paid C. would be well paid D. is well paidCA虚拟语气虚拟语气在在as if 从句中，常用虚拟形式，即从句中，常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实表示与现在事实相反，用过去式相反，用过去式；；与过去事实相反用过去完成式与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).一、一、as if 连接表语从句连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days.二、二、as if 连接让步状语从连接让步状语从 句句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。

她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在在 as if 从句中从句中虚拟语气虚拟语气•1.He treated me as though I____ his own son.• A. am B. would be C. be D. were•2.We won’t give up ____ we should fail ten times.• A. even though B. as if• C. whether D. untilDA虚拟语气虚拟语气1. if only 意为：若是意为：若是...那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真希望真希望...; 只要只要, 只要只要...就好就好 表示表示现在现在的情况的情况,应用应用过去式过去式; 如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用应用过去完成时态过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didn’t drive so fast.2. It’s (high/right) time that… that 从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时过去时或或should + do,should 不省不省. It’s time that you left here.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气虚拟语气•1.---I guess you missed the last bus?• ---So I did. If only I ____ five minutes • earlier!• A. arrived B. was arriving• C. had arrived D. would arrived•2.It is time that the government ____ • measures to protect the rare birds • and animals.• A. takes B. took • C.has taken D. taking CB虚拟语气虚拟语气3. 一些介词及分词短语一些介词及分词短语, 如如:but for(要不是要不是), with, without, given及连词及连词otherwise(否则否则)but, or 等表示含蓄的条件等表示含蓄的条件,这时要用虚拟语气这时要用虚拟语气 .注注:有些有些虚拟语气虚拟语气 隐含在上下文中隐含在上下文中.如如: 1. Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. 2.Given better attention, the vegetables could have grown better. 3.A few years ago, such an space exploration would have been impossible. 4. In my country, he would have been sentenced to death.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气虚拟语气•1.We ____ last night, but we went to the • concert instead.• A. must have studied B. might study• C. should have studied D. would study•2.Without electricity, what____ ?• A. will our life be like• B. our life would be like• C. our life will be like• D. would our life be likeCD虚拟语气虚拟语气1. He ____ busy yesterday, or he ___ you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped2.---Has Jim come back? ---Not yet. He must have been enjoying himself there, otherwise he ____ so long. A. can’t have stayed B. wouldn’t have stayed C. needn’t have stayed D. shouldn’t have stayedBB在在lest，，for fear that及及in case that 引导的状引导的状语从句中语从句中, 表示表示“以防，以免以防，以免”, 其谓语动词由其谓语动词由should ＋＋动词原形动词原形 构成构成eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．． 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。

他被处以惩罚以免他再犯1. 用于用于“may＋＋动词原形动词原形”表示表示“祝愿祝愿……”，，may 须置于句首须置于句首 May you succeed! May you be happy!2. 用动词原形用动词原形 Long live the people! 人民万岁！人民万岁！ “God bless you,” said the priest. 几个固定句型：几个固定句型：1.If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have3. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone4. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rainCBDB 5. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know6. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child ___. A. would not have been lied there for two hours B. would not have laid there for two hours C. would not have lied there for two hours D. would not have lain there for two hours DD 7. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be8. But for the Party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die 9. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attendedDAD10. I wish I ___. A. will tell him that B. didn’t tell him that C. told him not that D. had not told him that11. Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he ___ me how. A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach12. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ___ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known13. You talk as if you ___ there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be14. It seems as if it ___ rain. A. will B. is going to C. is to D. were going to DDACB15.The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 16. Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not17. He insisted that he ___ me before. A. see B. should see C. had seen D. sawDCC18. I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing 19. The Law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. have D. will have CC20. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 21. We are all for your proposal that discussion _____. A. be put off 　　　　 B. was put off 　　　　 C. should put off 　　　　D. is to put off22. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive 23. When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _______ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man. A. turn off　　 B. turned off　　 C. would turn off　　 D. had turned offCABA24. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 25. It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school. A. will happen B. would happen C. should happen D. happened 26. It’s high time that we ___ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go27. I’d rather you ___ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave ACBB28. He is working hard for fear that he ___. A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail 29. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. A. injure B. injured C. had injure D. would injure30. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 31. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice . A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed DADC。