孙子兵法用间及中英文对照.doc

孙子兵法用间及中英文对照孙子兵法用间及中英文对照用间篇 孙子曰：凡兴师十万，出征千里，百姓之费，公家之奉，日费千金；内外骚动，怠于道 路，不得操事者，七十万家相守数年，以争一日之胜，而爱爵禄百金，不知敌之情者，不仁之至也，非民之将也，非主之佐也，非胜之主也故明君贤将所以动而胜人，成功出于众者，先知也先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可验于度，必取于人，知敌之情者也 故用间有五：有因间，有内间，有反间，有死间，有生间五间俱起，莫知其道，是谓神纪，人君之宝也因间者，因其乡人而用之内间者，因其官人而用之反间者，因其敌间而用之死间者，为诳事于外，令吾间知之，而传于敌间也生间者，反报也 故三军之事，莫亲于间，赏莫厚于间，事莫密于间非圣贤不能用间，非仁义不能使间，非微妙不能得间之实微哉！微哉！无所不用间也间事未发 而先闻者，间与所告者兼死 凡军之所欲击，城之所欲攻，人之所欲杀，必先知其守将、左右、谒者、门者、舍人之姓名，令吾间必索知之必索敌人之间来间我者，因而利之，导而舍之，故反间可得而用也因是而知之，故乡间、内间可得而使也因是而知之，故死间为诳事，可使告敌因是而知之，故生间可使如期五间之事，主必知之，知之必在于反间，故反间不可不厚也。

昔殷之兴也，伊挚在夏；周之兴也，吕牙在殷故明君贤将，能以上智为间者，必成大功此兵之要，三军之所恃而动也 孙子说：凡是兴兵十万，出征千里，百姓的耗费，公室的开支，每天要花费千金；国内外一片骚动，为运输物资而疲于道路、不能耕作的，有七十万家相持数年，就是为了争取最后一天的胜利吝惜爵禄金钱而不重用间谍，以致不了解敌情而致失败，那就是不仁到了极点，这种人不配称军队的统帅，不配作君主的助手，不配为胜利的主宰贤明的君主、优秀的将帅之所以一出兵就能战胜敌人，成功超出众人之上，就在于事先了解放情事先了解敌情，不可祈求于鬼神，不可类比推测，不可用日月星辰运行的度数去验证，只能从人、从知道敌情的人的身上去了解 使用间谍的方式有五种：有因间、内间、反间、死间、生间五种间谍都使用起来，使故人无从了解我用间的规律，这是神妙莫测之道，是国君的法宝因间，是利用敌国的乡野之民充当间谍内间，是利用敌方的官吏充当间谍反间，是利用敌方间谍充当我方间谍死间，就是将假情报传播于外，让潜入敌营的我方间谍得知，并传给敌间生间，就是能活着回来报告情况的间谍 所以在军队的关系中，没有比间谍更亲近的，奖赏没有比间谍更优厚的，事情没有比间谍更秘密的。

不是圣贤睿智的人不能利用间谍，不是仁义的人不能指使间谍，不是用心微妙的人不能得到间谍的真实情报微妙呀!微妙呀!无事不需使用间谍间谍的工作尚未进行而事先走漏了消息，那么间谍和他所告诉的人都要处死 凡是要攻打的敌方军队，要攻占的敌方城堡，要刺杀的敌方官员，必须先了解其守城将官、左右亲信、掌管传达通报的官员、守门官吏和近侍门人的姓名，命我方间谍务必侦察清楚必须搜索出前来侦察我军的敌方间谍，根据情况利用收买、诱导放归，这样反间就可以为我所用了由此而了解情况，于是乡间、内间就可以为我所用了由此而了解情况，于是就能使死间传假情报给敌人由此而了解情况，于是就可以使生间按预定时间回报敌情五种间谍的使用，国君都必须知道，了解情况的关键在于反间，所以对反间不可不厚待从前殷朝的兴起，是因为伊挚曾经在夏朝；周朝的兴起，是因为吕牙曾经在殷朝所以，贤明的国君、优秀的将帅，能用智谋超群的人为间谍，就一定能建树大功，这是用兵的关键，全军要依靠它来决定军事行动 Using Spies Sunzi said:Now, when an army of 100,000 is raised and sent on a distant campaign, the expenses borne by the people, together with the disbursements of the treasury, will amount to a thousand pieces of gold daily. There will be continuous commotion at home and abroad. As many as 700,000 households will be unable to pursue their farm work, exhausted as they are by their toil on the roads. The two armies may confront each other for years before the day comes for the decisive battle. Therefore, a commander shows extreme lack of consideration for his people if he is too stinger to grant ranks, honors and a hundred pieces of gold to his spies and, as a result, loses the battle because he is ignorant of the enemy's situation. Such a person is no commander worthy of his soldiers, no counselor worthy of his sovereign, no master of victory.The enlightened sovereign and the capable commander conquer the enemy at every move and achieve successes far surpassing those of ordinary people because they possess “foreknowledge“, This “foreknowledge“ cannot be obtained from ghosts or spirits, nor from gods, nor by analogy with past events, nor from astrological calculations. It can only come from men who know the enemy situation.Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five kinds, namely, the native, the internal, the converted, the expendable and the surviving agents. When these five kinds of agents operate simultaneously and with total secrecy in their methods of operation, it can work miracles. This magical weapon constitutes a real treasure for the sovereign.A native agent is the enemy's own countryman in your employ.An internal agent is an enemy official whom you employ.A converted agent, or double agent, is an enemy spy whom you employ.An expendable agent is one who is deliberately given false information to mislead the enemy.A surviving agent is one who returns with information from the enemy camp.Of all those in the army close to the commander, none is more intimate than the agents; of all rewards, none more liberal than those given to agents; of all matters, none more confidential than those relating to secret operations. He who lacks wisdom cannot use agents; he who is not humane and generous cannot direct agents; he who is not sensitive and alert cannot get the truth out of them. So delicate and so secretive is espionage that there is nowhere you cannot put it to good use.But if plans relating to secret operations are prematurely divulged, the agent and all those to whom he has leaked the secret should be put to death.Generally, whether the object is to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an enemy official, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the identities of the garrison commander, his staff officers, retainers, gate-keepers and guards. The agents must be directed to obtain this information. It is essential to find out who the enemy agents are who have been sent to spy on you and to bribe them into serving you. Give them instructions and send them back home. This is how converted agents are recruited and used. It is through the information provided by the converted agents that native and internal agents are recruited and used, that the expendable agents can be sent to pass on false information to the enemy, and that the surviving agents can come back with the needed information as scheduled. The sovereign must be fully aware of the activities of all live kinds of agents. And it is the converted agent who is cruc。