中级翻译(修辞与翻译).doc

11. 明 喻SIMILE1．定义英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如 like，as 等) 起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物Rhetoric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》) 一书这样来解释明喻：“A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else is by means of using similes．Simile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective ‘similis,’ meaning like.”Simile(明喻) 运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣关于英语 Simile，有两点须加以说明：一、Simile( 明喻)通常由三部分构成，即本体(tenor 或 subject)、喻体(vehicle 或 reference)和比喻词(comparative word 或 indicator of resemblance)。

可图示如下：Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are 2without want to get in, ↓ ↓ ↓(tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle)and those within want to get out. ( P. M. Quitard)二、本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征) ，比喻方可成立例如：① Peter is as tall as his father.② Peter is as tall as a Maypole.稍加分析可以看出，例①不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为 Peter 及其 father 同属人类；而例②才是比喻句，因为 Peter 与 Maypole 分属人与物2. 引导明喻的比喻词(comparative words)( 1 ) 介词 as，like ，of 等 AsBeauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and cannot last…( Bacon: Of Studies )美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存…Overhead the hollow stretch of whitish cloud shutting out the sky was as a tent which had the who1e earth as its floor。

( Thomas Hardy )头顶上方，夺据了天际上无尽空荡的白云，宛如高悬的帐篷一般，把整个荒原做了它的地面Out of the sleeves came strong bony wrists and hands gnarled knotted and hard as peach branches. ( John Steinbeck )从袖子里伸出一双瘦骨嶙峋的大手，像桃树枝一样，瘤节盘错，坚硬粗壮I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. 3Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游They are as like as two peas.他们两个长得一模一样His young daughter looks as red as a rose.他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花I passed and repassed the house, and stopped and listened at the door; all was dark and silent as the grave. ( B．Shaw) 我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。

Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;but love from love, towards school with heavy looks．( William Shakespeare)赴情人的约会，像学童抛开书一样；和情人分别，像学童板着脸上学堂英语里有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为 as+形容词+as+名词例如：as firm as a rock 坚如磐石as light as a feather 4轻如鸿毛as close as an oyster 守口如瓶as mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉as strong as a horse 强壮如牛as cool as a cucumber 泰然自若as sober as a judge 十分清醒as sure as a gun 千真万确Like5Paris is a morgue without you; before I knew you, it was Paris, and I thought it heavens; but now it is a vast desert of desolation and loneliness. It is like the face of a clock, bereft of its hands. ( Sarah Bernhardt to Victorian Sardou )没有你，巴黎成了一座陈尸所；我认识你之前，巴黎就是巴黎。

我把它看成天堂；然而现在它变成了一片荒凉而寂寞的沙漠它像一个没有时针、分针和秒针的钟面All that I had to show, as a man of letters, were these few tales and essays, which had blossomed out like flowers in the calm summer of my heart and mind. ( Hawthoren: The Old Manse )作为一个作家，我所能贡献出来的只有这么几篇故事和散文，它们像我心头温和的夏天灿烂开放的花朵He works 1ike a horse／beaver／Trojan／black. 他辛辛苦苦地干活They spent money like water. 他们挥金如土He talks like a book. 他老是文绉绉地说话He eats like a horse. 他吃得很多 He smokes 1ike a chimney. 他抽烟很厉害 Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. ( John Ruskin )生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。

He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen from him to crow. ( George Eliot )他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫Records fell like ripe apples on a windy day. ( E. B. White )被打破的记录有如刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷坠落The staff member folded like an accordian. 这个工作人员就像合拢起来的手风琴似地—不吭声了My heart is like a singing birdWhose nest is on a watered shoot;My heart is like an apple-tree6Whose boughs are bent with thick-set fruit;My heart is like a rainbow shellThat paddles in a halcyon sea;My heart is gladder than all theseBecause my love is come to me. ( Rossetti )我的心像只善歌的小鸟，小巢建在轻拂水面的嫩枝上；我的心像棵苹果树，沉甸的果实把树梢压弯；我的心像天边彩虹，它轻拂着平静的海面；我的心比这些更喜悦，由于我爱人将来我身边。

Of：He has a heart of stone.他有一副铁石心肠 He has the heart of a 1ion, but he does everything in a down-to-earth way. 他有狮子般的勇气，他办事十分认真 He is sometimes bad-tempered but really he’s got a heart of gold.有时候他似乎脾气不好，但他的心眼可好了 2 ) 连词 as (犹如) ，what (犹如)，as if, as though, than, and, the way 等His heart shivered as a ship shivers at the mountainous crash of the waters. 他的心颤动，好像一艘船在海浪搏击中震荡一样Air is to man as water is to fish.7人离不开空气，犹如鱼离不开水Men fear death, as children fear to go in the dark: and as that natural fear in children is increased with tales, so is the other. ( Francis Bacon )犹如儿童恐惧黑暗，人对于死亡的恐惧，也由于听信太多的鬼怪传说而增大。

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. （Sir Richard Steel ）读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要Parks are to the city what lungs are to the body.公园对于都市正如肺对于人的身体一样重要Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers． ( Bovee )明智的表扬对于孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet.我感到好像大地在脚下滑动 A crowd of people were around him, touching his body, feeling his legs, and bidding for him as if he had been a horse.一大堆人固在他身边，摸着他的身体和大腿，出价买他，好像他是一匹马似的The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me just as if I had gained a new friend.我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说我好像交了一位新朋友。

They stood upon a 。