english 服务学习：课堂学习与社区服务结合的教学模式6.docx

1服务学习：课堂学习与社区服务结合的教学模式 何玲 朱晓宇——以《儿童权利与保护》为例Service Learning as a teaching model of combining classroom learning with the community service--- - Taking the course of "Children's Rights and Protection" for example（中国青年政治学院，中国儿童中心） (China Youth university of Political studies , Children's Center of China摘要：服务学习是美国近 20 年来推行的一种教学方法，通过学校和社会的合作，将提供给社会的服务与课程联系起来，在学习知识和技能的同时培养学生的社会责任感在服务学习的理念下，中国青年政治学院于 2011 年将《儿童权利与保护》课程与社区儿童服务相结合，形成课堂学习与社区服务相结合的教学模式：通过设立明晰的学习目标，采用参与式学习方法，将学生学习的课堂从教室扩展至社区，让学生在真实生活的社区情境中应用所学的儿童权利与保护的知识和技能开展服务；Abstract: Service Learning is a teaching method implemented in the United States for nearly 20 years. Through cooperation with the school and the community, it will link community services with circumlunar study. While learning knowledge and skills, students can develop their sense of social responsibility at the same time.Guided by the notion of Service Learning, in 2011, through combining the course of "children's rights and protection with community services, China Youth University for Political studies formed a new teaching model which integrates classroom learning into community services .That is: through establishing clear objective , taking the participatory learning approach, students can learn true knowledge from the community, and allow themselves to use all knowledge and skills in real-life settings.通过小组讨论、交流、陈述、写作等多种方式帮助学生定期的、有规律的、有组织的反思；实施效果显示服务学习将课堂学习与社区服务结合的教学模式促进了学生学习的主动性和积极性，有利于学生更好掌握和转化课程学习的内容；促进学生多方面能力发展，促进团队协作和公民责任的形成。

Through group discussions, wechat, presentation, writing, and other methods, students can make organized reflection on a regular basis;Implementation results show that this model of teaching can promote students' initiation and enthusiasm, and help students master the learning content and curriculum by putting them in practice; then many aspects of students’ ability can be developed and the spirit of teamwork and civic responsibility can also be fostered. 关键词：服务学习 儿童权利 社区服务 参与式Keywords: Service Learning Community Service rights of children participatory 一、服务学习的定义与背景The definition and background of service-learning服务学习是一种建立在经验学习理论基础上，将课程学习与社区服务相结合的教育方法。

2Service learning is an educational approach established on the theory of experiential learning that combines curriculum learning with community service. 尽管长期以来，人们对服务学习定义的表述不尽相同，但大多学者认可美国1993年《服务行动》关于服务学习的定义，Although for a long time, people vary in definition of service learning, but most scholars accepted the definition of service learning in American "service action", 1993.即“通过学校和社区的合作，将提供给社区的服务与课程联系起来，学生参与到有组织的服务行动中以满足社会需求并培养社会责任感，同时在其中学习以获得知识和技能，提高与同伴和其他社会成员合作分析、评价及解决问题的能力 ” [1-2] That is, "by the cooperation of school and the community , which links the course and service of the community, students will meet the needs of the society and cultivate a sense of social responsibility by participating in organized service operations , at the same time, the learners can acquire knowledge and skills, improve the ability on analysis, evaluation and solve problems with their peer and other social members. [1-2]美国服务学习的产生有其深刻的社会历史背景。

There is deep social and historical background behind America service learning.在20世纪60年代，当时美国公民不太关注国家政治生活,更多强调自身个性的发展，为了将其青年培养成为“ 负责任的 公民” ，美国政府采取了一系列措施强化学生的服务意识In 1960s, American people do not pay much attention to national political life, with more emphasis on the development of their own personality. In order to cultivate the youth as “responsible citizenship", American government adopted a series of measures to strengthen their consciousness of service另一方面，20世纪后半叶开始，教师和学生越来越不满足脱离实践的教学方式，试图寻求一种通过自身努力使教和学相结合，加强学校和社区之间的联系的教学方法。

On the other hand, at the beginning of the second half of twentieth Century, the teachers and the students increasingly become unsatisfied with the teaching method which separate the school from the real world , trying to find a new teaching method to combine teaching and learning, thus strengthen the connection between school and the community.有关研究提出应该把学生的经验学习、社会服务与课程学习做更多的结合，服务学习由此应运而生[3]A demand was made through the related research that students should learn from experience, combiing with social service and curriculum learning, thus service learning emerges as the times require [3].自20世纪80年代中后期美国兴起该教育方法，经过二十多年的改革与发展，其功能和作用得到越来越多学者的认同，现在被广泛应用于美国小学、中学及大学教育。

Since the rise of the education method in America in late 80's of twentieth Century, after 20 years of reform and development, its functions and effects are supported by more and more scholars, and are now widely used in America primary school, middle school and University education.服务学习已经成为美国当代教育的一大特色，在促进美国高校本科教育改革、复兴高校公民使命等方面起到了不容忽视的重要作用，对美国的社会、生活、文化等各3方面产生了广泛而深远的影响Service learning has become a major feature of America contemporary education, and has played an important role that can not be ignored, producing extensive and far-reaching effect on the American society, life, culture and other aspects in the promotion of USA university undergraduate education reform in Colleges and。