精益 六西格玛 价值流图 Value Stream Mapping.ppt

M ADI CCurrent State Value Stream Mapping当前状态价值流图 2M ADIC Current State Value Stream Mapping当前状态价值流图 Objectives目标Product family产品族Value stream mapping价值流图Takt time and cadence节拍时间和节奏Flow of value to the customer向顾客方向的价值流图Push versus pull processing推动对拉动处理3M ADIC Objectives目标After this section you will be able to 本节课后，你将能够做到：Identify the product family识别产品族Define the value stream定义价值流Visualize the flow of information and product and create a current state value stream map to Measure it’s characteristics.使信息和产品的流动可视化，并制定当前状态 价值流图，以测量它的特性。

Begin to Analyze opportunities to eliminate waste and improve flow开始分析消除浪费和改进流程的机会4M ADIC Product Family产品族Logical group of parts that follow a similar process path零件的合理分组，同一组的零件有着相似的过程路径Process path fixed to specific assets and binary (only one path to follow) is required过程路径要固定到具体的设备上，而且要 求路径是唯一的（只沿着一条路径）Multiple current paths may exist, and may require simultaneous analysis of multiple product families to select the primary process path多当前路径也许会存在，为了选择基本的过程路 径，也许需要同时分析多个产品族5M ADICProduct Family产品族Products产品Process Steps pace of a conductor’s baton; drum beat节拍一词源于德语:一个音乐术语,是指乐队指挥棒的节拍,打 鼓的节拍.22M ADIC Takt Time (example) 节拍时间（举例）Takt Time 节拍时间=Net Operating Time / Day净工作时间/天Customer Requirement / Day顾客需求/天450 Min/Day-450分/天70 Units/Day-70套/天=Takt Time节拍时间=0 hr. 6 min. 26 sec.Every 6 minutes and 26 seconds, each operation must be completed.每6分26秒,每步操作都必须完成.23M ADICFlowFlow流动流动Flow describes how product moves through the value stream流动是描述产 品如何流过价值流的。

•Forms of flow - from most to least desirable流动的形式-从最好到最次 •Single piece (1 x 1)单件（1X1） •Batch批 •First In First Out (FIFO)先进先出（FIFO） •Supermarket - provides several batches from which the downstream operation may pull超市-提供一些批量，下游的操作可 以从中实施拉动 •Push - producing to individual process capacity rather than true customer demand推动-为了使某个过程能力最大化，而进行的生产，而不 是顾客的需求 Ideally, flow should be a continuous sequence of value-added steps throughout the value stream理想情况下,流动应该是贯穿整个价值流的，增值 步骤之间连续的、依次的流动24M ADICCurrent State Value Stream Map of the NPR Process NRP过程的当前状态价值流图25M ADICUsing the Value Stream Mapping tool使用价值流图工具Product Family产品族Can be可以是 :Communication Tool沟通工具Business planning Tool商业计划工具Change Management Tool改变管理工具This is how it goes这样做1Current-State Drawing当前状态图2Future-State Drawing未来状态图3Work Plan工作计划4•Optimize value added time by improving flow通过改进流动， 尽量优化增值时间。

•Reduce or eliminate waste 减少或消除浪费26M ADIC Improve Flow and Reduce Waste改进流程和减少浪费Questions to consider考虑的问题: Can we meet customer demand (takt time)?我们能满足顾客的需求吗（节拍时间）？Can we pull instead of push production?我们能以拉动代替推动组织生产吗？Can we move to single piece or FIFO flow to reduce inventory?我们能实施单件流或先进先出，以减少库存吗？Can we redistribute labor to “balance” the value added activities and reduce manning?我们能重新分配操作工，来“平衡”增值活动，并减少劳 动力吗？Is there enough machine capacity to support the flow (reliability, set-up time, etc.)?支持流动的机器能力足够吗（可靠性，调整时间等）？27M ADIC Value Stream Mapping Summary价值流图总结A value stream map (VSM) Defines the process steps required for a product family价值流图（VSM）定义了一个产品族需要的过程步骤。

A standard process is used to map the value stream via a common set of icons通过一套公共的图标，使用一个标准的过程来绘制价值流The VSM provides a Measure for lead time categorized into value-added and non-value added time/VSM为交货时间提供了测量标准，而交货时 间又可分为增值的和不增值的两类Takt time, flow, and pull are basic elements necessary to define a value stream 节拍时间、流程、和拉动是定义价值流必要的基本元素The VSM is a tool to Analyze opportunities to eliminate waste and improve flowVSM是一种工具，用于分析消除浪费和改进流程的机会。