高中英语 Unit 2 Language Section Ⅴ Project教学案 牛津译林版必修3.doc

SectionⅤ Project　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　[原文呈现][读文清障]The development of Chinese characters①The Chinese language differs from② Western languages in that③， instead of an alphabet④， it uses characters ⑤which stand for⑥ ideas, objects or deeds⑦.Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters.In many cases⑧， a single character can also make up⑨ a word.The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.Chinese writing began thousands of years ago.According to⑪ an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie⑫ invented⑬ Chinese writing.One winter day while he was hunting⑭， he saw the tracks⑮ of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance⑯ of each one was different.Then he had the idea ⑰that he could use different shapes to represent⑱ different objects.The first Chinese characters were drawings⑲ of physical⑳ objects.Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time.However, as a whole， the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together.This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.①Chinese character 汉字②differ from 和……不同，不同于differ/dIfə(r)/vi.相异，有区别③in that“在于，因为”，引导原因状语从句。

④alphabet/lfəbet/n.(一种语言的)字母表，全部字母⑤which引导的定语从句，修饰characters⑥stand for 代表，象征　⑦deed/diːd/n.行为，行动⑧in many cases 在许多情况下　⑨make up构成writing/raItIŋ/n.文字；文字作品⑪according to根据，是介词短语，后跟名词作宾语⑫过去分词短语named Cang Jie是后置定语，修饰a man⑬invent v．发明；创造；捏造　discover 发现⑭hunt/hʌnt/vt.&vi.打猎，猎杀；搜寻　⑮track n．踪迹⑯appearance/əpIərəns/n.外观，外貌⑰that he could ...是同位语从句，解释说明idea的具体内容⑱represent/ˌreprIzent/vt.代表；展示，描绘⑲drawing/drɔːIŋ/n.绘画，绘画艺术⑳physical adj.有形的；实物的；物质的；物理的simplify/sImplIfaI/vt.简化over time随着时间的推移；久而久之as a whole作为整体，总体上mountaintop n．山顶汉字的发展[第1～2段译文]汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。

中文的词语是通过把不同的汉字放在一起而组成的在许多情况下，一个单字也能构成一个词通过研究这些汉字是如何发展的就可以考察汉语的历史了汉字起源于数千年前根据古代传说，一位名叫仓颉的人发明了汉字他在某个冬日打猎时，看到各种动物留在雪中的足迹，他发现足迹的外观各不相同，接着他有了用不同形状代表不同物体的想法最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画随着时间的推移，一些汉字被简化了，而另一些则变得更加复杂了然而，总体看来，汉字已从图画发展成了标准形式表示“山”的汉字最初是三座山峰并列，继而变成了一座山峰和三条线，随着时间的推移，最终演变成了现在使用的字形Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.Sometimes to express ideas， some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.For example， ‘rest’ was made up of the characters for a man and a tree.The character ‘prisoner’ was formed with a ‘man’ inside a square.Other characters were developed for directions and numbers.It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’， which are opposites of each other.Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.Therefore， a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in Chinas mainland.Not all ...是部分否定句式，意为“并不是所有的……都……”。

动词不定式短语to express ideas作目的状语combine/kəmbaIn/vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合combine sth. and sth.(together)使某物与另一物结合起来　combine sth.with sth.把某物与另一物相混合for example 例如be made up of 由……组成/构成be formed with 由……组成it为形式主语，真正的主语是to distinguish ...distinguish/dIstIŋɡwIʃ/vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征which are opposites ...是非限制性定语从句，修饰the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’opposite n．对应物；对立面indicate/IndIkeIt/vt.显示，表示；象征，暗示shortcoming/ʃɔːtkʌmIŋ/n.缺点，短处pronounce v．发音　therefore adv.因此；所以have sb./sth.do sth.让某人/某物做某事get sb./sth.to do sth.让某人/某物做某事used today作后置定语，修饰characters。

in the 1950s 在20世纪50年代simplified Chinese characters 简化汉字[第3～5段译文]并非所有的汉字都是由用来描绘物体而发展的有时为了表达想法，某些汉字由两个或多个汉字联合起来而创造的比如，“休”是由表示“人”和“树”的汉字组合而成的，“囚”字则是由人字位于框中构成的另一些汉字则用于表示方向和数字通过看它们的字形，很容易区别它们的意思，比如汉字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形不能显示怎样发音因此便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音今天使用的许多汉字便是用这种方式创造出来的20世纪50年代，中国政府推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国大陆全面普及The story of BrailleUsually, when we talk about① reading, we think of② using our eyes to see letters written in ink③ on paper.However④， this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.The man who introduced blind people to reading⑤ was Louis Braille (1809－1852)．Braille lost his eyesight⑥ at the age of⑦ three as a result of⑧ an injury.When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind⑨ in Paris.In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed⑩ against metal wire⑪to form letters⑫.Since the metal wire was heavy⑬， each book weighed⑭ as much as⑮ 100 pounds.The whole system was not convenient⑯ for use.Indeed⑰， the school library only had fourteen such books in it.In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night duri。