分布式卫星InSAR系统性能分析与仿真技术研究.pdf

国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文分布式卫星InSAR系统性能分析与仿真技术研究姓名：孟智勇申请学位级别：硕士专业：信息与通信工程指导教师：余安喜2010-12国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 i 页 摘 要 分布式卫星干涉合成孔径雷达（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, InSAR）系统是高效地获取全球高精度数字高程地图（Digital Elevation Model，DEM）数据最有效的工具近年来，随着 DEM 在科学研究、经济建设以及军事领域的广泛应用，分布式卫星 InSAR 技术成为世界各国研究的热点 系统性能预估是分布式卫星 InSAR 系统设计中一个重要环节，一般通过理论模型计算和系统仿真试验两方面来进行，本文围绕这两个方面开展研究 介绍了分布式卫星 InSAR 系统测高的基本原理，分析了主要误差源对系统测高性能的影响，分别基于误差传递模型和系统模糊高度模型，研究了在给定的误差源参数下 InSAR 系统理论性能的分析方法，实验验证了两种分析模型的等价关系 研究了分布式卫星 InSAR 系统建模与仿真技术，给出了 InSAR 回波信号模型与仿真方法，介绍了分布式卫星 InSAR 仿真系统的支撑环境，仿真软件的功能及开展 InSAR 全流程仿真的步骤。

建立了由 SAR 成像相位保持精度、干涉相位精度、测高和水平定位精度三大类共8项指标组成的评估InSAR系统性能的指标体系 提出了基于标志点的InSAR性能评估方法，仿真实验验证了基于标志点的 InSAR 性能评估方法的适用范围，分析了标志点强度对评估结果的影响，指出了方法存在的缺陷基于此，提出了改进的基于虚拟标志点的 InSAR 性能评估方法，讨论了虚拟标志点在场景中布设的基本原则，给出了基于多普勒参数间接提取虚拟标志点在 SAR 图像中位置坐标的方法实验结果表明改进后的方法能够有效地评估出各种误差因素对 InSAR 性能指标的影响 开展了一组综合注入各类系统误差条件下的分布式卫星 InSAR 系统性能仿真验证试验，采用基于虚拟标志点的性能评估方法，给出了试验评估结果，并与理论性能分析结果进行了对比性验证 关键词：分布式卫星；干涉合成孔径雷达；性能分析；系统仿真；性能评估；标志点 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 ii 页 Abstract Distributed Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is one of the most effective tools for Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data acquiring. Recently, as a result of the DEM data was applied broadly in many areas such as scientific research, economic construction, military, and so on, the distributed spaceborne InSAR has become a hot international research area. System performance analysis is one of the most important steps of distributed spaceborne InSAR system design, which was operated with two aspects in normal, they are theory model calculation and system simulation test, and this two key technology are the main study task of this paper. The keystone of altitude measuring in distributed spaceborne InSAR is introduced, and the influence on the altitude measuring arisen from all kinds of error sources was analyzed in this paper. Based on the error transferring model and system ambiguous altitude model, two evaluating methods of the InSAR system performance under given error sources parameters are studied in thesis. Finally, the test result verify the equation of this two analysis model. The system modeling and simulation technology for the distributed spaceborn InSAR were studied, meanwhile the InSAR echo signal model and simulated methods were worked out, and the key technologies of the distributed spaceborn InSAR simulation system were introduced, they are support conditions, simulated software function, the total cycle of InSAR simulation, and so on. A perfect index system for performance evaluation of InSAR is constructed, which consist of three main categories. They are SAR imaging phase hold precision, interferential phase acquire precision, precision of altitude measuring and orientation in plain, and there are eight indexes in these categories. A new method based on Stamp Points for the InSAR performance evaluation was proposed, the simulation experiments results had verified the apply range of this method, and the relationship between the evaluation result and the strength of stamp point was analyzed, with also the limitation of this method was found. Based on the former study, a novel method for InSAR performance evaluation based on Virtual Stamp Points was proposed, and the basic principle of Virtual Stamp Points place in the scene is introduced, a new method for extract location coordinates of the Virtual Stamp Points in the SAR image is proposed, which based on Doppler parameter. Simulation experiments results have shown the proposed method can overcome the limitation of the former method, also with the capacity of evaluate the various errors factors impaction on InSAR system performance efficiently. An InSAR performance simulation verifies test was worked, in which all the main 国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 iii 页 error source was imputed. The proposed method’s result was coincidence with the error transfer model, and test results verify the proposed method and the correctness of the theoretical model. Key words：distributed satellites，Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar，performance analysis， system simulation， performance evaluation， Stamp Point国防科学技术大学研究生院硕士学位论文 第 III 页 表 目 录 表 2.1 误差传递系数计算用到的系统参数.............................................................. 19 表 2.2 误差传递系数汇总.......................................................................................... 19 表 2.3 两种 InSAR 性能分析模型的等价关系......................................................... 26 表 4.1 标志点评估方法验证实验所用的系统参数列表.......................................... 48 表 4.2 SAR 成像相位保持精度评估结果 ................................................................. 49 表 4.3 标志点方法评估结果（干涉基线误差）...................................................... 49 表 4.4 视线向基线误差引起的测高和水平定位误差评估值与理论值对比.......... 50 表 4.5 标志点方法评估结果（主星斜距测量误差）.............................................. 51 表 4.6 标志点方法评估结果（干涉相位误差）...................................................... 52 表 4.7 标志点强度对评估结果的影响实验结果..............................。