中国文化概述chapter4Arts课件.ppt

A Glimpse of Chinese Culture Chapter 4ArtsA Glimpse of Chinese Culture CCalligraphyCalligraphyPaintingPaintingBeijing OperaBeijing Opera本章教学的目的本章教学的目的n n1. 了解中国艺术瑰宝了解中国艺术瑰宝;n n2. 有关艺术分类基本名词的掌握有关艺术分类基本名词的掌握;n n3. 进一步理解传承和保护中国传统文化的进一步理解传承和保护中国传统文化的意义本章教学的目的本章教学的重难点本章教学的重难点n n1. 书法、绘画书法、绘画n n2. 京剧与脸谱知识京剧与脸谱知识n n3. 民间艺术民间艺术n n4. 有关传统与现代剧种的讨论有关传统与现代剧种的讨论本章教学的重难点本章教学的时间安排本章教学的时间安排n n教师课堂讲解教师课堂讲解（（（（60 minutes60 minutes）））） 1. Calligraphy and painting 1. Calligraphy and painting (20 minutes)(20 minutes) 2. Traditional operas 2. Traditional operas (20 minutes)(20 minutes) 3. Folk performing arts 3. Folk performing arts (10 minutes)(10 minutes) 4. Traditional musical instruments 4. Traditional musical instruments (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n n师生讨论师生讨论 (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n n学生课件展示学生课件展示 (30 minutes)(30 minutes)本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解（60 minutes）Calligraphy and Painting (20 minutes)(20 minutes)n nCalligraphy (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n nPainting (5 minutes)(5 minutes)n nFour treasures of the study (3 minutes)(3 minutes)n nHow to practice Chinese calligraphy (2 (2 minutes)minutes)Calligraphy and Painting (20How do you understand Chinese calligraphy?n nChinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines. Chinese calligraphy is also called the art of lines. n nCalligraphyCalligraphy’ ’s purpose is to retain the beauty of s purpose is to retain the beauty of nature and illuminate mannature and illuminate man’ ’s spiritual beauty. It s spiritual beauty. It stresses the overall layout and harmony between stresses the overall layout and harmony between words and lines.words and lines. n nThe Chinese saying The Chinese saying “ “The handwriting reveals the The handwriting reveals the personperson” ” ( (字如其人字如其人字如其人字如其人), is directly related to ), is directly related to calligraphy.calligraphy.How do you understand Chinese 中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsStrokes (笔画笔画) of Chinese Charactersn nThere are 6 basic categories: dian—dot strokedian—dot strokeheng—horizontal strokeheng—horizontal strokeshu—vertical stroke shu—vertical stroke pie—curved strokepie—curved strokezhe—angular (zhe—angular (角形的角形的角形的角形的) stroke ) stroke gou—hooked (gou—hooked (钩形的钩形的钩形的钩形的) stroke ) stroke Strokes (笔画) of Chinese Charac中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsChinese Radicalsn nStrokes form Chinese radicals (偏旁偏旁)n nA radical is the prefix of the word. n nSome basic character components are standalone characters (独立成字独立成字), like “土土” and “山山”, but most are just parts of them.Chinese RadicalsStrokes form CThe most complicated Chinese character ? n nThe number of strokes within a single Chinese character ranges from a few to more than 30 strokes.n nBiang, 二声二声n n(56 strokes )The most complicated Chinese cFive categories of Chinese scripts n nthe seal form (zhuan 篆书篆书)n nthe official form (li 隶书隶书)n nthe cursive（草写的）（草写的）form (cao 草书草书) n nthe regular form (kai 楷书楷书)n n the running form (xing 行书行书)Five categories of Chinese scrThe Seal Form (篆书篆书) n nSoft lines of strokes and Soft lines of strokes and upright rectangular shape upright rectangular shape keep the seal form keep the seal form characters more close to characters more close to pictography (pictography (象形文字象形文字象形文字象形文字). ). n nEach of the characters has Each of the characters has a balanced and a balanced and symmetrical (symmetrical (对称的对称的对称的对称的) ) pattern. pattern. The Seal Form (篆书) Soft linesThe Official Form (隶书隶书) n nIt was the turning point in It was the turning point in the evolution of Chinese the evolution of Chinese scripts and is the scripts and is the foundation of the later foundation of the later script forms. script forms. n nIt turned the remaining It turned the remaining curved and round strokes curved and round strokes of the seal form into linear of the seal form into linear ( (直线的直线的直线的直线的) and flat square () and flat square (扁扁扁扁方形方形方形方形) shapes. ) shapes. The Official Form (隶书) It wasThe cursive Form (草书草书) n n This style of calligraphy is This style of calligraphy is smooth and lively with smooth and lively with strokes flowing and strokes flowing and characters linking characters linking together.together.n n The characters are often The characters are often joined, with the last stroke joined, with the last stroke of one merging into the of one merging into the initial stroke of the next. initial stroke of the next. n nIt is executed freely and It is executed freely and rapidly so that parts of the rapidly so that parts of the characters appear characters appear exaggerated (exaggerated (夸张的夸张的夸张的夸张的). ). The cursive Form (草书) This sThe regularregular form (楷书楷书) n nIt is still todayIt is still today’ ’s s standard writing. standard writing. n nIt is square in form, and It is square in form, and non-cursive in strokes. non-cursive in strokes. n nSize:Size:ØØLarger Regular Form ( Larger Regular Form ( more than 5cm ) more than 5cm ) ØØSmaller Regular Form Smaller Regular Form (smaller than 2cm)(smaller than 2cm)ØØMedium Regular Form Medium Regular Form (in-between)(in-between)The regular form (楷书) It is sThe running Form (行书行书) n nThe The running formrunning form is is somewhere between somewhere between the regular and the the regular and the cursive forms allowing cursive forms allowing simpler and faster simpler and faster writing. writing. n nthe running regular the running regular form form 行楷行楷行楷行楷 n nthe running cursive the running cursive form form 行草行草行草行草 The running Form (行书) The runnFamous Chinese Calligraphers in Historyn nWang Xizhi Wang Xizhi ——the sage of Chinese calligraphythe sage of Chinese calligraphy n nThe Preface to The Lanting The Preface to The Lanting Collection of Calligraphy Collection of Calligraphy （（（（《《《《兰亭集序兰亭集序兰亭集序兰亭集序》》》》）））） Famous Chinese Calligraphers 中国文化概述-chapter-4-Arts中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsHow do you understand Chinese Painting ? n nChinese Traditional Painting refers to ink - wash painting (水墨画水墨画) n nTraditional Chinese paintings are not “purely” paintings. They combine fine art, poetry, calligraphy, and seal engraving to achieve an artistic unison (一致一致). n nHuman figures, landscapes, flowers, birds, and pavilions are the most important themes of traditional Chinese painting. How do you understand Chinese Do you know any Chinese famous painters ?n nXu Beihong Xu Beihong Do you know any Chinese famousn nQi Baishi Qi Baishi Qi Baishi Four treasures of the studyn nFour treasures of the Four treasures of the study : brush , ink, study : brush , ink, paper and ink stone paper and ink stone n n The best of each of The best of each of these items is these items is represented by: represented by: HuHu brush ( brush (湖笔湖笔湖笔湖笔), ), HuiHui ink stick (ink stick (徽墨徽墨徽墨徽墨), ), Xuan Xuan paper (paper (宣纸宣纸宣纸宣纸) , and ) , and DuanDuan ink stone ( ink stone (端砚端砚端砚端砚). ). Four treasures of the studyFouHu brushn nHuHu brushes are produced in the city of brushes are produced in the city of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. n nMade from the hair of a goat or wolf, they are Made from the hair of a goat or wolf, they are round, neat, strong, and pointed. The goat round, neat, strong, and pointed. The goat hair is soft, suitable for the writing of big hair is soft, suitable for the writing of big characters, while the wolf hair is hard, characters, while the wolf hair is hard, suitable for the writing of small ones. suitable for the writing of small ones. Hu brushHu brushes are produceHui ink sticksn nHuiHui ink sticks are produced in Hui City, ink sticks are produced in Hui City, Anhui Province. Anhui Province. n nThey are made from the ash of burnt green They are made from the ash of burnt green pine from Mount Huangshan and then pine from Mount Huangshan and then mixed with glue. mixed with glue. Hui ink sticksHui ink sticks aXuan papern nXuan Xuan paper is a special type of high quality paper is a special type of high quality paper produced in Xuancheng and Jing paper produced in Xuancheng and Jing County of Anhui Province. County of Anhui Province. n nMade in an 18-step process from the bark of Made in an 18-step process from the bark of the wingceltis (the wingceltis (青檀青檀青檀青檀) tree and rice straw, the ) tree and rice straw, the paper is snow-white, soft, durable, absorbent paper is snow-white, soft, durable, absorbent ( (吸收性的吸收性的吸收性的吸收性的) and moth-proof. ) and moth-proof. Xuan paperXuan paper is a specDuan ink stonesn nDuanDuan ink stones were first introduced in ink stones were first introduced in Duanzhou, now are produced in Zhaoqing Duanzhou, now are produced in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province.City, Guangdong Province.n nThey have a fine, solid texture and a glossy They have a fine, solid texture and a glossy sheen (sheen (光泽光泽光泽光泽). Ink prepared in them does not ). Ink prepared in them does not dry quickly. dry quickly. Duan ink stonesDuan ink stoneHow to practice Chinese Calligraphy?n nChoosing a good copybook (Choosing a good copybook (字帖字帖字帖字帖) is a good ) is a good beginning. beginning. n nDifferent strokes are the first you should pay Different strokes are the first you should pay attention to. attention to. n nThe regular form is usually taken as the standard The regular form is usually taken as the standard form for beginners to practice because it is the form for beginners to practice because it is the basic form for other inscriptions. basic form for other inscriptions. n nFurthermore, in order to develop this skill you Furthermore, in order to develop this skill you must practice regularly and train hard. must practice regularly and train hard. How to practice Chinese Callig“Eight Ways of Writing Chinese Characters”(永字八法永字八法)n nThere is an old method There is an old method passed down from passed down from generation to generation to generation, practicing generation, practicing the character the character “ “永永永永” ” repeatedly because it repeatedly because it contains the eight contains the eight basic dots and strokes. basic dots and strokes. “Eight Ways of Writing ChineseTraditional Operas (20 minutes)(20 minutes)n nBeijing Opera (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n nOther Major Traditional Chinese Opera(10 (10 minutes)minutes)Traditional Operas (20 minuteBeijing Operan nOriginally Beijing Opera was a form of local Originally Beijing Opera was a form of local theatre. It then spread across the country and theatre. It then spread across the country and became the national opera of China. became the national opera of China. n nSinging, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting Singing, recitation, acting, and acrobatic fighting ( (唱、念、做、打唱、念、做、打唱、念、做、打唱、念、做、打) are the four artistic means and ) are the four artistic means and the four basic skills of Beijing Opera.the four basic skills of Beijing Opera. n nEach action by the performer is highly symbolic. Each action by the performer is highly symbolic. Feelings and ideas are often expressed through Feelings and ideas are often expressed through these symbolic motions.these symbolic motions.Beijing OperaOriginally Beijin中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsSheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou n nThe characters of Beijing Opera The characters of Beijing Opera are classified according to sex, are classified according to sex, age, disposition, profession, and age, disposition, profession, and social status. social status. n nThere are four major roles in There are four major roles in Beijing Opera today: Beijing Opera today: shengsheng (male), (male), dandan (female), (female), jingjing (painted (painted face, male) and face, male) and chouchou (clown). (clown).Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou TheShengn nThe The shengsheng roles are roles are generally positive and can generally positive and can be divided into be divided into laoshenglaosheng ( (老生老生老生老生: elderly men), : elderly men), wusheng wusheng ( (武生武生武生武生: military : military men), xiaosheng (men), xiaosheng (小生小生小生小生: : young men), and young men), and wawasheng (wawasheng (娃娃生娃娃生娃娃生娃娃生: : children). children). n n ShengThe sheng roles are generDann nDan refers to various female roles, including laodan (老旦老旦), qingyi (青衣青衣), huadan (花旦花旦)，，wuadan (武旦武旦) and caidan (彩旦彩旦). DanDan refers to various femalJingn nThe Jing is a romantic, exaggerated Beijing Opera role. n nThe characters are mostly cheerful, honest, gallant (豪侠的豪侠的), and intrepid (刚刚毅的毅的) men or treacherous (奸诈的奸诈的) and cruel men. JingThe Jing is a romantic, exChoun nThe The chouchou characters are characters are sharp-witted, clever, sharp-witted, clever, humorous, honest, and kind humorous, honest, and kind men. There are men. There are wenchouwenchou ( (文文文文丑丑丑丑: comic civilian roles) who : comic civilian roles) who speak, act, and sing and speak, act, and sing and wuchouwuchou ( (武丑武丑武丑武丑: arcobatic : arcobatic fighting comic roles) whose fighting comic roles) whose performance involves both performance involves both speaking and acrobatic speaking and acrobatic fighting. fighting. ChouThe chou characters are shFacial Makeup and Costumesn nThere are two ways to distinguish a characterThere are two ways to distinguish a character’ ’s s personality or role type. personality or role type. n nThe first is to understand the color code of the The first is to understand the color code of the painted face. The second is to distinguish the painted face. The second is to distinguish the lines and patterns drawn on the face. lines and patterns drawn on the face. Facial Makeup and CostumesTherThe colour code of the painted facen nRed defines loyal and upright personsRed defines loyal and upright persons n nPurple for loyal, brave, just, and noble Purple for loyal, brave, just, and noble characterscharacters n nBlack face makeup for faithful, brave, and Black face makeup for faithful, brave, and straightforward charactersstraightforward charactersn nGreen indicates stubborn, irritable (Green indicates stubborn, irritable (急躁急躁急躁急躁), and not ), and not easily controlled characterseasily controlled characters The colour code of the paintedn nYellow for fierce, brutal, and calculating charactersYellow for fierce, brutal, and calculating characters n nWhite for imperious (White for imperious (专横的专横的专横的专横的) and treacherous () and treacherous (奸奸奸奸诈的诈的诈的诈的) people) people n nA distorted face, drawn with A distorted face, drawn with asymmetrical (asymmetrical (不对称的不对称的不对称的不对称的) lines, ) lines, generally represents a villain (generally represents a villain (反派角反派角反派角反派角色色色色) or accomplice () or accomplice (同犯同犯同犯同犯) or someone ) or someone whose face has been wounded. whose face has been wounded. n nGold-silvered faces for ghosts and godsGold-silvered faces for ghosts and godsYellow for fierce, brutal, andOther Major Traditional Chinese Opera (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n nKunqu Operan nShaanxi Operan nChuan Operan nYue Operan nHuangmei Operan nYue OperaOther Major Traditional ChineKunqu Operan n Kunqu Opera is known for its gentle and clear vocals, beautiful and refined tunes, and dance-like stage performance. n n In 2001, it was listed in the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO联合国科教文组织联合国科教文组织).Kunqu Opera中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsShaanxi Operan nShaanxi Opera (秦腔秦腔), the oldest of all the Chinese operas that are still in existence today, is the typical opera of Shaanxi province. n nThe Shaanxi Opera is of great fun and the elderly residents of Xi’an take particular delight in it even today. Shaanxi OperaChuan Operan nIn the mid-18th century, in Sichuan Province and some parts of Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, Kunqu Opera and High-pitched Opera (高腔高腔) were commonly performed together with the local operas; Influenced by each other, they blended into a new opera category designated as Chuan Opera.Chuan OperaIn the mid-18th cenFace changesn nThe technique ofThe technique of “ “face face changeschanges” ” is most often used is most often used in Chuan Opera. in Chuan Opera. n n In some cases multiple In some cases multiple layers of masks are torn layers of masks are torn away for each change in away for each change in facial expression.facial expression.Face changesThe technique of “Yue Operan nIt is popular throughout Zhejiang Province and Shanghai as well as in many large and medium-sized cities throughout the country. n nThe soft and gentle music of this opera evokes sentimental emotions, and the acting style is likewise graceful and refined. Yue OperaIt is popular through中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsHuangmei Operan nHuangmei Opera has been performed for over 200 years. It is a local opera in Anhui Province and evolved from the “Caicha Tune” (tea-picking tune) of Huangmei County, Hubei Province. n nHuangmei Opera is easy to understand and learn because it employs simple words and literary traditions. Huangmei OperaHuangmei Opera h中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsYue Operan nYue Opera is one type of traditional local operas, popular in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and in Chinese communities in South Asia and America. Yue OperaYue Opera is one typeFolk Performing Arts (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n nAcrobaticsn nQuyi n nPuppet Shown nShadow Play n nGhost-Exorcising Opera (傩舞傩舞) Folk Performing Arts (10 minutAcrobaticsn nChinese acrobats have Chinese acrobats have been successful in many been successful in many international international competitions over the competitions over the years. As a result, years. As a result, foreign audiences have foreign audiences have eulogized the art form eulogized the art form as mythical and as mythical and engrossing and China is engrossing and China is playing a dominating playing a dominating part in acrobaticspart in acrobatics. . AcrobaticsChinese acrobats havQuyin nCross-talk (相声相声) n nClapper talk (快板快板)n nStorytelling (评书评书) n nXiaopin (小品小品)n nShuanghuang (双簧双簧)QuyiCross-talk (相声) Cross-talk (相声)n nCross-talk is one of the most popular and Cross-talk is one of the most popular and influential types of influential types of quyiquyi. Its performance is . Its performance is characterized by talking, imitation, fun-making, characterized by talking, imitation, fun-making, and singingand singing（说、学、逗、唱）（说、学、逗、唱）（说、学、逗、唱）（说、学、逗、唱）. Satire is its main . Satire is its main purpose.purpose. Cross-talk (相声)Cross-talk is oXiaopinn nXiaopinXiaopin are short, light are short, light comedies in the comedies in the Huaju Huaju (spoken drama)(spoken drama) style. About style. About 15 minutes in length. 15 minutes in length. n nThe short, brisk, humorous, The short, brisk, humorous, and often poignant comic and often poignant comic skitsskits have been regular have been regular popular items on Chinese popular items on Chinese televisiontelevision’ ’s New Year Gala s New Year Gala Show.Show.XiaopinXiaopin are short, lighn nChinese puppet show Chinese puppet show combines elements of combines elements of song, dance, painting, song, dance, painting, and sculpture. and sculpture. n nIn puppet shows, In puppet shows, actors or specially-actors or specially-trained operators trained operators manipulate the manipulate the puppets in puppets in performances. performances. Puppet showChinese puppet show combines eShadow Playn nThe performers The performers manipulate colorful manipulate colorful leather or cardboard leather or cardboard figures whose figures whose silhouettessilhouettes（侧面影像）（侧面影像）（侧面影像）（侧面影像）are reflected on a screen are reflected on a screen by lantern light. by lantern light. n nA light is shone on to a A light is shone on to a screen, behind which screen, behind which performers operate the performers operate the silhouettes while singing to silhouettes while singing to the accompaniment of the accompaniment of music. music. Shadow PlayThe performers maniGhost-Exorcising Opera (傩舞傩舞)n nThe Ghost-Exorcising Opera originated from a sacrificial ceremony for driving away evil spirits and pestilence (瘟疫瘟疫) in ancient times. Ghost-Exorcising Opera (傩舞)Th中国文化概述-chapter-4-ArtsTraditional Musical Instruments (10 minutes)n nPlucked Instruments (弦乐器弦乐器)n nPercussion Instrument (打击乐器打击乐器)n nWind Instrument (管乐器管乐器)Traditional Musical InstrumenPlucked Instruments (弦乐器)n nPipa Pipa ( (琵琶琵琶琵琶琵琶) is an ) is an ancient plucked (ancient plucked (拨动拨动拨动拨动的的的的), four-stringed ), four-stringed instrument made of instrument made of wood, with the wood, with the fingerboard shaped fingerboard shaped like a melon-seed, and like a melon-seed, and a long beautiful neck a long beautiful neck bent backward. bent backward. Plucked Instruments (弦乐器)Pipan nZither (Zither (古筝古筝古筝古筝) ) is also a is also a plucked string plucked string instrument, and it is instrument, and it is one of the main one of the main ensemble and solo ensemble and solo instruments of instruments of traditional Chinese traditional Chinese music. music. n nThe present-day zitherThe present-day zither usually has 21-25 usually has 21-25 strings.strings.Zither (古筝) is also a pluckedn nErhu Erhu ( (二胡二胡二胡二胡) ), sometimes , sometimes known in the West as the known in the West as the "Chinese violin", is a "Chinese violin", is a two-stringed bowed two-stringed bowed musical instrument and musical instrument and is used as a solo is used as a solo instrument as well as for instrument as well as for small ensembles and small ensembles and large orchestras. large orchestras. Erhu (二胡), sometimes known in Percussion instrument (打击乐器打击乐器)n nDrum (Drum (鼓鼓鼓鼓) ) is a percussion instrument consisting is a percussion instrument consisting of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere with a of a hollow cylinder or hemisphere with a membrane (membrane (表层表层表层表层) stretched tightly over the end ) stretched tightly over the end or ends, and is played by beating the membrane or ends, and is played by beating the membrane with hands or sticks.with hands or sticks.n nGong (Gong (锣锣锣锣) ) is a percussion instrument made of is a percussion instrument made of copper in the shape of a disk and beaten with a copper in the shape of a disk and beaten with a wooden hammer.wooden hammer. n nDrums Drums and and Gongs Gongs are a general terms describing are a general terms describing all sorts of percussion instruments.all sorts of percussion instruments.Percussion instrument (打击乐器)DrWind instrument（管乐器）（管乐器）n nCeremonial horn (Ceremonial horn (唢呐唢呐唢呐唢呐) ) is a is a woodwind instrument, with woodwind instrument, with its mouthpiece made of its mouthpiece made of brass, and its body made of brass, and its body made of wood. wood. n nIt has seven holes on the It has seven holes on the obverse (obverse (正面正面正面正面) and one on ) and one on the reversethe reverse（反面）（反面）（反面）（反面） side of side of the tube. the tube. n nIt can produce resonant It can produce resonant sounds, becoming a principle sounds, becoming a principle wind and percussion wind and percussion instrument of folk bands. instrument of folk bands. Wind instrument（管乐器）Ceremonialn nBamboo Flute (Bamboo Flute (笛子笛子笛子笛子) ) is a wind instrument is a wind instrument made of bamboo, with a row of holes, bamboo made of bamboo, with a row of holes, bamboo membrane and a sound-adjusting hole. membrane and a sound-adjusting hole. n nIt is played by holding the instrument It is played by holding the instrument horizontally, covering the holes and blowing horizontally, covering the holes and blowing into one side.into one side.n nIn ancient times, a vertical In ancient times, a vertical bamboo flute was called bamboo flute was called “ “xiao xiao ( (箫箫箫箫) )” ”. .Bamboo Flute (笛子) is a wind inDiscussion (10 minutes)(10 minutes)n nWhich do you prefer, traditional opera or modern drama?Discussion (10 minutes)Which dStudents’ PPT Presentation(30 minutes)(30 minutes) Group 1 Group 1n nTitle Title n nParticipantsParticipantsn nPresenter Presenter n nPresentation Presentation (10 (10 minutes)minutes)n nComments Comments (5 minutes)(5 minutes) Group 2 Group 2 n nTitle Title n n Participants Participantsn nPresenter Presenter n nPresentation Presentation (10 (10 minutes)minutes)n nComments Comments (5 minutes)(5 minutes)Students’ PPT Presentation(30Exercisesn nDiscussion topic for next class: What is your idea of a good teacher?ExercisesDiscussion topic for 。