新概念英语第四册Lesson19原文及翻译.doc

新概念英语第四册Lesson19原文及翻译《新概念英语》是_97年由外语教学与研究出版社和培生教育出版中国有限公司联合出版的一套英语教材.下面小编就和大家分享新概念英语第四册Lesson___原文及翻译,希望有了这些内容,可以为大家学习新概念英语提供帮助! 新概念英语第四册Lesson_原文及翻译 Secrecy in industry 工业中的秘密 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录音,然后回答以下问题. Why is secrecy particularly important in the chemical industries? Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an e_tent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking. J.D. BERNAL The Social Function of Science New words and e_pressions secrecy n. 秘密 effectiveness n. 成效,效力 inquiry n. 调查研究 positive adj. 确实的 process n. 过程 patent n. 专利; v. 得到专利权 agent n. 情报人员 参考译文 有两个因素严重地妨碍工业中科学研究的效率:一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密气氛;二是研究人员缺乏个人自由.任何一项研究都涉及到保密,那些从事科研的人员自然受到了限制.他们不能和其他国家.其他大学.甚至往往不能与本公司的其他部门的同行们进行有效的接触.保密程度自然差别很大.某些大公司进行的研究属于一般和基础的研究,因此不保密对他们才有利.然而,依赖这种研究的很多工艺程序是在完全保密的情况下进行的,直到可以取得专利权的阶段为止.更多的工艺过程根本就不会取得专利权,而是作为秘方保存着.在这化学工业方面尤为突出.同物理和机械工业相比,化学工业中偶然发现的机会要多得多.有时,保密竟达到了这样的程度,即连研究工作的整个性质都不准提及.比如,很多公司向图书馆借阅科技书籍时感到困难,因为它们不愿让人家记下它们公司的名字和借阅的某一本书.他们生怕别的公司的情报人员据此摸到他们可能要从事的某项科研项目. 新概念英语第四册Lesson_原文及翻译 The modern city 现代城市 What is the author s main argument about the modern city? In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the ma_imum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has e_panded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of e_istence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the ma_imum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal lu_ury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and to_ic gases, torn by the noise of the ta_icabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ALE_IS CARREL Man, the Unknown New words and e_pressions 生词和短语 physiological adj. 生理的 ma_imum adj. 限度的 consideration n. 考虑 descendant n. 子孙,后代 artificial n. 人工的 impose v. 强加 dimension n. 直径 skyscraper n. 摩天大楼 tenant n. 租户 civilized adj. 文明的 banal adj. 平庸 lu_ury n. 豪华 deprive v. 剥夺 monstrous adj. 畸形的 edifice n. 大厦 to_ic adj. 有毒的 ceaselessly adv. 不停地 throng v. 挤满,壅塞 参考译文 在工业生活的组织中,工厂对工人的生理和精神状态的影响完全被忽视了.现代工业的基本概念是:以最低成本获取最多产品,为的是让某个个人或某一部分人尽可能多地赚钱.现代工业发展起来了,却根本没想到操作机器的人的本质.工厂把一种人为的生存方式强加给工人,却不顾及这种生存方式给工人及其后代带来的影响.大城市的建设毫不关心我们.摩天大楼完全是按这样的需要修建的:每平方英尺地皮。