控释肥和添加剂对双季稻温室气体排放影响和减排评价.doc

控释肥和添加剂对双季稻温室气体排放 影响和减排评价王斌李玉娥万运帆秦晓波高清竹中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研宄所/农业 部农业环境重点实验室【目的】稻田生态系统的温室气体排放一直是气候变化领域的研究热点，对发展 低碳农业和缓解全球变暖有重要意义研究控释肥和添加剂对双季稻（Oryza sative L）温室气体排放和产量的影响，旨在综合评价其减排效果，筛选既能 保证产量又能有效减排的施肥措施方法】以华中江汉平原地区双季稻为研究 对象，设置6种不同控释肥或添加剂处理，包括①习惯施肥作为对照，②硫包膜 控释尿素，③树脂包膜控释尿素，④缓释碧晶尿素，⑤尿素中加入质量分数1% 的硝化抑制剂二甲基毗唑磷酸盐（DMPP），⑥施肥时泼洒与尿素等量的1:200 倍稀释有效微生物菌剂培养液（EM菌剂），采用自动静态箱-气相色谱法对温室 气体排放通量进行长期连续监测，同步观测土壤无机氮素和产量，得出不同施 肥处理的温室气体（CH4和N20）排放特征，由内插加权法求得排放总量，最终 计算出综合温室效应和排放强度结果】不同施肥处理下CH4和N20排放通量 只有较为明显的季节变化规律早稻CH4排放总量以树脂包膜控释尿素最低，晚 稻以碧晶尿素最低;而早稻和晚稻N20排放总量均以硝化抑制剂DMPP最低。

综合 两个季节，各施肥处理的综合温室效应（以C02当量100年算）差异显著 （P〈0.05），其中常规施肥〉硫包膜控释尿素〉硝化抑制剂DMPP〉EM菌剂〉碧晶尿 素〉树脂包膜控释尿素;控释肥和添加剂处理对比常规均有不同程度的减排效果， 其中树脂膜控释尿素减排效果最高为56. 2%，碧晶尿素次之为45. 6%，且晚稻 减排效果明显高于早稻早稻控释肥和添加剂处理产量与常规施肥差异不显著， 晚稻则存在显著增产，增产幅度为13. 5% —16. 2%各处理的温室气体排放强度 GHGI以树脂包膜控释尿素最低，与常规施肥差异极显著（P〈0.01）结论】 双季稻不同施肥处理CH4和N20的排放总量差异•显著，控释肥和添加剂处理均能 达到不同程度的减排控释肥和添加剂处理对早稻增产效果差异不显著，对晚稻 增产效果差异显著，减排效果也高于早稻综合考虑经济效益和减排效果，可得 出在当前的稻田管理条件下施用包膜控释肥、抑制剂和生物菌剂，能保证产量并 有效降低温室气体排放，是水稻低碳高产可行的施肥措施关键词：双季稻；温室气体；排放强度；控释肥；抑制剂；EM菌； 王斌；E-mail :wangbin. world@163. com。

李玉娥;丁61:010-82105615$-1^11:7此11@腿1.&(\(^2013-06-05基金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助(201103039)Effect and Assessment of Controlled Release Fertilizer and Additive Treatments on Greenhouse Gases Emission from a Double Rice FieldWANG Bin LI Yu-e WAN Yun-fan QIN Xiao-bo GAO Qing-zhuInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture， Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory forAgro-Environment;Abstract：[Objective] It is well known that the issue of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission from rice ecosystem has been concerned within the scope of climate change research over years. The effect of controlled release fertilizer and additive treatments on GHGs emission and rice yield in a double rice (Oryza sative L) field was investigated to evaluate their potential of GHGs reduction and yield promotion, this study is also very important for the development of low-carbon agriculture and the mitigation research of global warming. [Method] Taking the double rice in Jianghan Plain, Hubei province, Central China as the object, a continuous observation of greenhouse gas emission from six different controlled release fertilizer or additive treatments (CK: conventional urea, CRU1: sulfur-coated urea, CRU2: polymer-coated urea, CU: nitrapyrin crystal urea, DMPP: nitrification inhibitor, EM: effectivemicroorganisms) was conducted by using the automatic static chamber-GC (gas chromatography) method, the rice yield and soil properties were also monitored simultaneously. Variation and characterization of GIlGs (CI 14 and N2 0) emission, greenhouse effect (C02~e) and greenhouse gas intensity of each treatment were analyzed comprehensively 【.Result】 The results indicated that CH4 and N2 0 emission in different fertilizer treatments had an obvious daily and seasonal variation law in double rice ecosystem. Controlled release urea (polymer-coated) caused the lowest CI 14 emission during the early rice, while the nitrapyrin crystal urea had the lowest CH4 emission during the late rice growing season. In consideration of N2 0, the DMPP had the lowest emission during the two rice growing season compared to the other field applications. Pronounced differences were discovered among 6 treatments on global greenhouse effect (C02~e, on 100 a horizon) during the whole rice growing season (P<0. 05) . Among the field applications, CRU1 had the lowest global greenhouse effect, followed by CU, EM, DMPP, CRU2, and CK, respectively. Furthermore, significant greenhouse effect reduction potential was also employed; the polymer-coated urea dominated the fashion with the highest reduction potential of 56. 2% compared to traditional fertilization, followed by nitrapyrin crystal urea (45. 6%) . In the view of rice yield, five other treatments were significantly higher than CK during late rice (stimulated rice yield by 13. 5%-16. 2%) while no statistical differences were found during early rice. Additionally, GIIGI of polymer-coated urea was statistically lower than the other applications including the conventional fertilization (P<0. 01) . [Conclusion] Various reduction potential and yield promotion effects existed among different field applications from the double rice cropping system, this influence was significant during the late rice growing season but not remarkable in the early rice, while synthetically consideration of their economic earnings and environmental effects, the application of controlled release urea benefitted the most to the rice production, followed by nitrification inhibitor and biopreparate under the current field management conditions.Keyword：double rice; greenhouse gas intensity; controlled release urea; nitrification inhibitor; effective microorganisms;Received： 2013-06-050引言【研宄意义】全球气候正经历一场以变暖为主要特征的显著变化，其中人为温室 气体排放很可能是促使这一转变的主要原因。

01,和n2o是两种重要的温室气体， 也是《京都议定书》规定主要减排的气体IU，其温室效应分别是（：02的25和 298倍（100年）M水稻是全球主要粮食作物之一，中国的水稻种植面积。