图表作文的写作.ppt

图表作文的写作写作提纲n 图表作文一般都附有简要说明, 一般要求考生对图表进行说明,并 以图表信息为依据,进行归纳总结,得出一般性结论.n作文的内容一定要与图表信息一致,同时所采用的信息应能有效地 突出主题. n1.现状---揭示图表现象 n2.原因---引起现象的原因或细节描述n3.发展趋势或启示---图表所述现象的发展 趋势或我们得到的启示n文章结构：主题段+扩展段+结尾段n 主题句n 开篇段→ 扩展句 1、2 …n （结尾句）n 主题句n文章 → 扩展（中心）段 → 扩展句 1、2 …n （结尾句）n 主题句n 结尾段→ 扩展句 1、2 …n （结尾句）IntroductionBody (Data Illustration+ Reasons)ConclusionBar chartPie chartLine graphHours of Leisure Time Spent Annually in the U.K.AgeTeen s20s30s40s50s + Group sports12070403010Individual sports4060657090Going to the cinema301008012040Watching TV800500380420600Pub Entertainment20200300400120 Table图形种类及概述法：n数据图表： a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 表格图：table 直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 流程图或过程图： flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing /procedures diagram 圆柱图：column chart 描述：show /describe /illustrate /apparent /reveal /represent /demonstrate /indicate /depict 写图表作文时要注意两点：¨第一，在描述时，不要“面面俱到”，但要“类 类俱到”，即不要把每一项的每一个数据都描 述一遍，但一定要把每一项都提到。

对于数 据的描述，要特别注意选择那些变化最大， 最典型，最能说明问题的数据，要在这些数 据上做文章¨第二，论点要简单明确，要说明一个问题， 而不是几个，而且必须是你所选择的数据所 表现出来的问题因此，写前必须明确下列 问题：主题段常用表达方式n1.As is shown in the graph ,… has increased (dropped) from…to…in the past … years.n2.According to the figures given in the table…has greatly increased(decreased) in the past…years, reaching…in 2005.n3.From the table we can see that there has been a sharp rise(decline) in…between…and…n4.This graph describes great changes in the number of …during… and…n5.It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great rise(decline) in … in the past five yearsn6.As can be seen in the graph, the number of … grew from … in 1986 to … in 1990.扩展段常用句式n1. There are quite a number of reasons, I think, contributing to this increase. One reason is that… Another is… But the main reason perhaps is… And …is also responsible for…n2. There are some reasons for ….To begin with… Next…Finally…n3. The answer to this problem involves many factors. On the one hand,…On the other hand…(besides, what’s more)n4.The reasons may go as follows: Firstly,… Secondly,… Besides,… Finally,…n5.There are at least …reasons for this tendency(趋势). First of all,… Another reason lies in the fact that…, Together with other factors, …results in …终结段常用句式n1.It is hoped that we should pay more attention to …I’m confident that we will…n2.In short, some steps should be taken to …I believe the tendency will decrease.n3. To conclude(in conclusion, in a word, on the whole), something must be done to solve the problem. Only in this way can we…n4. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that …is threatening…and we have to take measures. n5.Let us work hand in hand to solve this social problem.Example 1：Changes in People’s Diet19861987198819891990Grain51%49%46%43%35%Milk10%11%11%12%15%Meat19%20%22%23%23%Fruit and vegetable20%20%21%22%27%Total100%100%100%100%100%图表分析n这张表总体反映了1986年至1990年五年 中人们饮食结构方面的变化情况。

¨1. 粮食消费量在逐渐下降，五年间减少了四 个百分点；¨2. 牛奶和肉食的消费量在逐渐增加；¨3. 水果蔬菜的消费量呈下降趋势反映总趋势：人们的饮食结构正在以 粮食为主向肉奶蛋高能量的方向转化¨1. 五年中经济收入的增长使生活水平提高，人 们能够消费得起价格较高的肉奶食品；¨2. 生活水平的提高使人们已不再满足于吃饱肚 子，而开始注重有益健康的科学饮食 结论： 以上分析表明，人们饮食结构将会朝着更 科学，更合理，更营养的趋势发展原因分析Samplen（简述图表信息）As can be seen from the table, (中心）great changes have been taking place in people’s diet over the period from 1986 to 1990. The consumption of grain has decreased by 4%, while the consumption of high quality food, such as milk and meat, has increased steadily. (原因分析）There are chiefly two reasons，I think, for the changes. In the old days, people could not often afford meat and milk whose price was only within reach of well-to-do families. But now, with the improvement of living standard, most people have enough money to buy them. And people of today also pay more attention to nutrition. They want to eat not only more but also better. They are seeking the most reasonable diet structure which will do good to their health. n(结论）In short, with the improvement of people’s living standard, changes in their diet will be more obvious and great. 图表作文：例 2002年6月作文Student Use of Computersyour composition on the chart and the outline given below: 1.上图所示为某校大学生平均每周使 用计算机的时间: 1990年(2 hours) 、1995年(4 hours)、2002年(14 hours)，请描述其变化； 2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从 计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方 面加以说明)； 3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用 中有什么困难或问题。

HoursYearn上图所示为1990年、1995年、2000年某大学学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变 化n请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会等方面加以说明）n你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题20h 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 21990 1995 2000 yearStudent Use of ComputersSince 1990, there has been tremendous growth in the use of computers by students. While in 1990, the average number of hours a student spent on the computer was about one hour per week, this number grew nearly fours hours per week by 1995, and approximately 20 hours per week by the year 2000. The significant growth 。