句子段落翻译.ppt

长句翻译2021/6/301一、原序翻译由于中西思维的共性，在汉译英，按照汉语原来的句子顺序将其译成英文，原文时长句，译文也保持长句的表达形式n从前有个俊俏的年轻人，名叫王小，人人都喜欢他，可他总是闷闷不乐，因为他有一个说话尖刻，唠叨不休的继母nOnce there lived a handsome young man named Wang Xiao who, though a favorite with everyone, was unhappy because he had a sharp-tongued, nagging step mother. n在街上，我遇见了一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他，他说他饿极了，两天没吃东西nIn the street I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break and said, when I spoke to him, that he had had no food for two days. 2021/6/302n我国目前正在修订专利法和商标法，拟议要修订的许多内容都要进一步向国际标准和国际化靠拢；有的即使准备分两步甚至三步走，那也是为了做好协调工作，稳妥前进，避免欲速而不达。

nChina is at present revising its Patent Law and Trademark Law, and many of the contents recommended for revision are coming closer to international standards and internationalization; in respect of some other contents, although preparations are being made to revise them in two or even three steps, it is only for the sake of accomplishing the task of harmonization properly, ensuring steady progress and avoiding the hazard of “more haste, less speed”.2021/6/303二、分译分译，也称断句或拆句，就是把原文的一句话译成两句或者更多句需要分译的句子多是长句，或是结构复杂的复句。

这种句子如果翻译成长句，有时会使译文累赘冗长，语义模糊，如果采用分译，会使原文内容层次分明，易于理解，更符合译入语的表达习惯2021/6/3041、按内容层次分译汉语的长句里，有一部分说明一方面的情况，另一部分说明另一方面的情况，英译时往往根据内容的层次断句分译，使 译文更清晰明快n秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉nAutumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly, limpid（清澈的）, serene and melancholy.2021/6/305n那是力争上游的一种树，笔直的干，笔直的枝它的干呢，通常是丈把高，像是加以人工似的，一丈以内，绝无旁枝；它所有的桠枝呢，一律向上，而且紧紧靠拢，也像是加以人工似的，成为一束，绝无横斜逸出；它的宽大的叶子也是片片向上，几乎没有斜生的，更不用说倒垂了；它的皮，光滑而有银色的晕圈，微微泛出淡青色nIt is an aspiring tree with a straight trunk and straight branches. The trunk is usually about a few feet high, as if man-made, with no lateral boughs for ten feet, and all its forked branches thrusts upwards close together, as if man-made too, forming a cluster with none straying sideways or at an angle. All the broad leaves too rise upwards with hardly one slanting, let alone dropping down. The bark is a glossy silver halo（晕圈） tinged with light green. 2021/6/3062.带有反问句、反诘句或感叹句的汉语长句翻译带有反问句、反诘句或感叹句的汉语长句翻译n应当承认，每个名族都有它的长处，不然它为什么能存在？为什么能发展？nIt must be admitted that every nation has its strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?n被观众鼓了几声掌就飘飘然，就忘乎所以，就成了歌星，就坐飞机，就灌唱片，这简直是胡闹。

nOnce one gets some applause, one’s head will swell. And one will be treated like a star, given for free plane trips and invited to have voice recorded everywhere. It’s ridiculous!2021/6/3073. 原句出现总说或分述时要分译n我们的政策是实行“一个国家，两种制度”，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，十亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾实行资本主义制度nWe are pursuing a policy of “one country with two systems”. More specifically, this means that within the People’s Republic of China, the main land with its one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system. 2021/6/308n不晓得季节与结婚有什么关系，但是从冬季到春天结婚的人数比其他季节多了很多，也许就是所谓的结婚季节吧。

nDon’t know what relation exists between the season and marriage, but the number of marriages is much greater from early winter to spring than in other seasons. Maybe this is the season of marriage people usually call.2021/6/3094.为强调语气而分译n我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知的和不会改变的，并且正在深入全中华民族的心坎nWe want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation. 2021/6/3010n灾难深重的中华民族，一百年来，其优秀人物奋斗牺牲，前赴后继，摸索救国救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。

nFor a hundred years, the finest sons and daughters of the disaster-ridden Chinese nation fought and sacrificed their lives, one stepping into the breach as another fell, in quest of the truth that would save the country and the people. This moved us to songs and tears. 2021/6/30115. 从关联词处分译n声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响nThe speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.n我在学堂里坐着，心里也闷，不如给他家放牛，倒快活些nI feel sitting in school boring anyway. I’d rather look after our neighbor’s buffaloes.2021/6/3012三、合译一般说来，英语句子要比汉语句子长，具有更大的容量。

因此，在汉译英时有必要，也有可能把汉语的两个或者更多的句子翻译成一个英语句子n1. 在主语变换处合译，常出现主从句或分词结构n爱丽丝站在我身边，把那个我拿起电报她的手在微微颤动nHer hands slightly trembling, Alice helped me to pick up the telegram.n我觉得这山顶的几簇白房屋就仿佛是中古时代的堡垒；那里面的主人应该是全身裹着铁片的骑士和轻盈婀娜的美人nThe white buildings on the peak seemed to me like medieval forts whose occupants should all be knights in amour or slim alluring beauties. 2021/6/30132. 按内容连贯合译n旧历新年快来了这是一年中的第一件大事除了那些负债过多的人以外，大家都热烈地欢迎这个佳节的到来nThe traditional New Year Holiday was fast approaching, the first big event of the year, and everyone, except those who owed heavy debts-which traditionally had to be paid off before the end of the year- was enthusiastically looking forward to it. n还是热，心里可镇定多了。

凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们很多希望nIt was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope. 2021/6/30143. 在关联出合译n阁下如认为该公司信守合同，可以胜任我公司之代理商，则请告知，我们当不胜感激nIt would be much appreciated if you would inform us whether the company can be relied on to abide by agreement hence qualified to be an agent on our behalf. n我们往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读的书去看他的为人因为人与人之间有友谊，同样的，人与书也就有书谊nA man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as of men. 2021/6/3015四、变序翻译由于汉、英两个民族在思维方式和语言表达习惯上的差异，如汉语构句重逻辑顺序，在时间上重先后顺序，在逻辑上重前因后果关系；而英语构句既可按顺序排列句内语义成分，也可逆序排列句内语义成分。

在英译汉语长句时，许多情况下都要调整语序，以符合英语的表达习惯n我们①为了顾全大局 ，②于同年③秋末④在第三方的调停下，⑤开诚布公地⑥多次⑦强烈要求贵方赔偿我们的一切损失n④With the third party acting as an intermediary, ①to take the interest of the whole into account, we ⑦strongly demand ⑤with frankness and sincerity ⑥many times ③at the end of the autumn ②of the same year that you should compensate all our loses. 2021/6/3016n①中国是世界上最早的文明古国之一，②对人类文化的发展，③曾做出了不可磨灭的贡献，④但在过去一段很长的时期内，⑤由于受到自然地理条件等的限制，特别是语言的隔阂，⑥因此在国外，除了有极少数的所谓“汉学”专家外，⑦对于产生在中国，尤其是作为一种“时代精神的精华”的哲学，⑧那就很难有正确的理解了n①With her indelible contribution to ②the cultural development of mankind, ①China is one of the earliest civilized countries in the world. ⑤But due to the limitations such as geographic partition, and especially due to the language barriers, ⑥for foreigners except only a few so called “sinologists”, ⑧there could scarcely be fair understanding of ⑦things Chinese , particularly of her philosophy, “ the intellectual quintessence of the time” ④in quite long a time. 2021/6/3017篇章翻译n一、连接 cohesion n连接体现在篇章的表层结构上，主要通过语法手段（如照应、替代、省略等）和词汇手段（如复现关系、同现关系等）的使用来实现，它是篇章的有形网络。

n由于汉英两种语言表达方式存在差异，如在句型结构方面：汉语中主语可省略，诸多无主句并列在一起，而英语句子结构多以主语+谓语的形式出现；在照应方面：汉语无定冠词，英语中有定冠词，英语人称代词及其相应的限定词的使用率也大大高于汉语；在句内词语关系方面：汉语常常不用关联词，而依靠句内各部分之间内在的逻辑关系达到连接的目的，而英语中的逻辑联系词使用频繁在汉译英时，往往需要增补，在译文中增加主语、冠词、人称代词、介词、和逻辑联系词等，把原文中内在的、隐形的联系表达出来，避免英语句子结构松散或脱节的现象2021/6/3018n我的最大爱好是沉思默想我可以一个人长时间的独处而感到愉快独享欢乐是一种愉快，独享忧伤也是一种愉快孤独的时候，精神不会是一片纯粹的空白，它仍然是一个丰富多彩的世界情绪上的大欢乐和大悲痛往往都在孤独中产生孤独中，思维可以不依照逻辑进行孤独更多地产生人生的诗情---激昂的和伤感的孤独可以使人的思想向更遥远更深邃的地方伸展，也能使你对自己或环境作更透彻的认识和检讨n①My greatest avocation is musing. ②I can stay by myself for a long time without feeling disconsolate in the least. ③Happiness enjoyed alone is a pleasure, so is sorrow tasted privately. ④In solitude, the mind is not a complete blank; it remains a rich and colorful world. ⑤Solitude often includes ecstasy or anguish, and allows thinking to wander in a random way. ⑥She inspires the mood for poems, passionate or pathetic. ⑦She also enables people to think further and deeper and to have a more thorough understanding and examination of themselves and their environment. 2021/6/3019n一边走着，似乎道旁有一个孩子，抱着一堆灿白的东西。

驴儿过去了，无意中回头一看—他抱着花儿，赤着脚儿，向着我微微的笑nAs I passed along, I somewhat sensed the presence of a child by the roadside carrying something snow white in his arms. After the donkey had gone by, I happened to look back and saw the child, who was barefoot, looking at me smilingly with a bunch of flowers in his arms. 2021/6/3020n我们屋后有半亩隙地母亲说，“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然你们那么爱吃花生，就辟来做花生园罢我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢—买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园；过不了几个月，居然收获了！nBehind our house there lay half a mou of vacant land. Mother said, “It’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not have them planted here.” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!2021/6/3021二、连贯连贯coherence指篇章中语义的关联，连贯存在于篇章 的底层。

篇章的连贯性一方面通过篇章标示词如连词、副词等来取得，更重要的一方面则是通过逻辑推理来达到语义连接，它是篇章的无形网络n第一，要足够的估计成绩我们的革命和建设，成绩是只要的，缺点也有有那么多成绩，夸大是不行的nFirst, we must make an adequate assessment of our achievements. In our revolution and construction, the achievements are primary, though there are shortcomings and mistakes. Our achievements, however many, must not be exaggerated. 2021/6/3022n贾母这边说声“请”，刘姥姥便站起身，高声说道：“老刘，老刘，食量大如牛，吃个老母猪，不抬头！”说完，却鼓着腮帮子，两眼直视，一声不语众人先还是发怔，后来一想，上上下下都哈哈大笑起来湘云撑不住，一口饭都喷了出来，黛玉笑岔了气，伏着桌子直叫“嗳呦！” 宝玉滚到贾母怀里，贾母搂着叫“心肝”，王夫人用手指着凤姐儿 ，却说不出话来。

薛姨妈也撑不住，口里的茶喷了探春一裙子探春的茶碗都合在迎春身上惜春离了座位，拉着她的奶母叫“揉揉肠子”底下无一不弯腰曲背，也呦多出去蹲着笑的，也有忍着笑上来替她换衣裳的独有凤姐、鸳鸯二人撑着，还只管让刘姥姥nThe Lady Dowager urged her to make a start. Granny Liu stood up then and declaimed a the top of her voice: “Old woman Liu, I vow, eats more than any cow. And down she settles now to gobble an enormous sow.”nThen she dried up abruptly, puffing out her cheeks and staring down at her bowl. The others had been staggered at first but now everyone, high and low, started roaring with laughter. Hsiang-yun shook so uncontrollably that she sputtered out the rice she had in her mouth, while Tai-yu nearly choked and collapsed over the table gasping, “Mercy!” Pao-yu fell convulsively into his grandmother’s arms and she chuckled as she hugged him to her crying, “My precious!” Lady Wang wagged one finger at His-feng but was laughing too much to speak. Aunt Hsueh, too, exploded in such mirth that she sprayed tea all over Tan-chun’s skirt, making her upset her bowl over Ying-chun, while His-chun left her seat and begged her nurse to rub her stomach for her. nAs for the maids, some doubled up in hysterics, others sneaked outside to squat down in a fit of giggles, yet others controlled themselves sufficiently to fetch clean clothes for their young mistresses. His-feng and Yuan-yang, the only ones with straight faces, urged Granny Liu to eat. 2021/6/3023三、对策和方法n1. 分切分切（（1）许多汉语篇章中，汉语句子比较短，长句也常常用逗）许多汉语篇章中，汉语句子比较短，长句也常常用逗号分开，这就形成了翻译时的自然分切处。

号分开，这就形成了翻译时的自然分切处 台湾那回归祖国，完成统一大业事我们这一代人光荣的历史使命中国的统一和富强，不仅是祖国大陆各族人民的根本利益所在， 同样也是台湾各族同胞的根本利益所在，而且有利于远东和世界和平 The return of Taiwan to the embrace of the Motherland and the accomplishment of national reunification is the great and glorious historical mission of us this generation. The reunification of China and her prosperity and power not only represent the vital interests of the people of different nationalities in Taiwan, but also favor the peace in the Far East and the world. 2021/6/3024n任何一个人都要人支持。

一个好汉也要三个帮，一个篱笆也要三个桩荷花虽好，也要绿叶扶持这是中国的成语nEveryone needs support. An able fellow needs the help of three other people, a fence needs the support of three stakes. With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off. These are Chinese proverbs. n庞贝城现在成了举世闻名的游览地，人们可以在这里赞赏自然界的伟力与人类的创造才能，发出繁华如过眼烟云之类的种种感慨，享受地中海的太阳与和风nPompeii has now become a world renowned tourist spot. People visiting this place can admire the power of nature, the creativity of man or sigh with emotion that glory and prosperity are as transient as fleeting clouds. They can also enjoy the sunshine and the soft breeze of the Mediterranean. 2021/6/3025(2) 比较复杂的分切涉及句法结构的改变、搭配的拆合以及比较复杂的分切涉及句法结构的改变、搭配的拆合以及重新构建等。

重新构建等n那件案子使他付出的代价是体重从160斤下降倒了120斤，看起来起码老了十岁，连讲话也没有了底气nThe stress of the case took its toll on him. His weight fell from 80 kg to 60 kg. He looked at least ten years older and his voice grew very weak. n凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意侵人转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里；……nStanding at the window for a while, I felt a big chill. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light. 2021/6/3026n老拴正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看见一条丁字街，明明白白横着。

他便退了几步，寻到一家关着门的铺子，蹩进檐下，靠门停住了nAbsorbed in his walking, Old Shuan was startled when he saw the cross road lying distantly ahead of him. He walked back steps to stand under the eaves（屋檐） of a shop in front of its closed door.2021/6/3027(3)根据汉语篇章中内在的逻辑关系层，如因果、递进、转根据汉语篇章中内在的逻辑关系层，如因果、递进、转折、并列等进行分切折、并列等进行分切n红景天是一种珍惜的野生药用植物，有强身健体，防癌抗癌，防治老年病之功能，具有良好的开发前景nRadix rhodola is a rare wild medicinal plant which can build health, prevent and resist cancer, prevent and cure geriatric（老年病） diseases, Thus, it has a good prospect for its exploitation. 2021/6/3028n就像半天空里掉下个金元宝一样，罗军的一幅条幅居然在全省书法比赛中得了奖，整个世界立即在二十三岁的罗军眼里变成了令人心荡神驰的玫瑰色。

nWhen he won a prize in the provincial calligraphy contest, Mr. Luo felt elated（ 得意洋洋） as if a gold bar had fallen on him from the sky. At once, the world became ecstatically rosy in the eyes of the 23-year-old young man.2021/6/3029n酒店濒临海湾，环境憩静供家庭式度假小住有一厅二房；供团体入住有一厅六房；更有高级豪华双人房六十间设备先进，服务周到，宾至如归nThe hotel lies on a cove in a peaceful environment. It provides two-room apartment for a whole family to spend their vacation, and six-room apartment for group of tourists. In addition, there are 60 luxury double rooms. With modern facilities and excellent services, guests will feel completely at home. 2021/6/30302、合并n（1）将汉语的隐性连接转换为英语的显性连接。

n满招损，谦受益nHaughtiness invites losses while modesty brings profits.n她身材矮小，容貌端庄， 鼻子俏丽，头发光亮鉴人nAlthough she was both short and slender, she had a dignified and elegant countenance, a fine nose and shinny hair. 2021/6/3031n燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候nSwallows may have gone, but there’s a time of return; willow trees may have died back, but there’s a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will blossom again. 2021/6/3032(2)运用英语中的各种手段，把汉语篇章中的句子或语段组合起来，使英语篇章具有组织性和整体性，而不是机械的追求形式对应。

n2.1 运用英语连接词n爬山虎总是野心勃勃地企图占领每一寸墙在那无数枝卷曲向上的藤蔓中，有一枝几乎攀上了那尖尖的屋顶这时有一阵风刮来，把它悬在了半空中nCreepers are always ambitiously trying to crawl over every inch of the wall. One of the numerous curling vines had almost crept onto the steep roof of the house when a sudden gust of wind blew it off in mid air. 2021/6/3033n我听到他弥留时的呻吟和叹息，我相信那不是病的痛苦的呻吟和叹息我知道他还想再活几年，帮我造起房子来nWhen I heard his dying groans and sign and I believed they were caused not by physical pain, but regret for not being able to live a few years more to help me with the new house. 2021/6/3034n宝玉道：“……我想着：姊妹们从小儿长大，亲也罢，热也罢，和气道了底，才见得比人好。

如今谁承望姑娘人大心大，不把我放在眼里，三日不理，四日不见的，倒把外四路儿的什么‘宝姐姐’‘凤姐姐’的放在心坎上n“I used to think that because we were so close then, there would be something special about our relationship when we grow up- that even if we weren’t particularly affectionate, we should at least have more understanding and forbearance for each other than the rest. But how wrong I was! Now that you have grown up, you seem only to have grown more touchy. You don’t seem to care about me any more at all. You spend all you time brooding about outsiders like Feng an Chai……”2021/6/30352.2 运用英语分词结构n卢家川挨近她，情不自禁地握住了她的手。

这女孩的热情、大胆和奔向革命的赤诚深深感动了他nLu Jiachuan, touched by her enthusiasm, her courage and revolutionary spirit, stepped up to her and could not resist taking her hands.n春天去了一大半了，还是冷；加上整天的下雨，淅淅沥沥，深夜独坐，听得令人有些凄凉……nSpring is more than half over, yet it is still cold, and sitting alone late at night after a whole day of rain I find the continuous patter of raindrops depressing……2021/6/30362.3 运用英语介词短语n秦始皇陵是秦朝第一个皇帝花三十多年时间才为自己建成的一个壮伟的陵墓，一起陪葬的兵马俑共有八千多个nQin Shi Huang’s Mausoleum is a great tomb which the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty spent over 30 years building for himself, with about 8,000 lifesize figures of soldiers and horses buried here to protect the emperor after his death. 2021/6/3037n太阳当顶了。

田野，丛树，屋舍，都显现在光明静穆的大平面上nWith the sun right overhead now, the field, the clumps of trees and the huts were all picked out clearly on a vast, flat surface, brilliantly lit and still.n老李坐在厨房的小凳上，穿的一件窄小的旧军服，两支胳膊桠叉着，膝盖漏了出来，显眼地往前支着，肩头高耸，活像一个口袋装着一捆柴火nSitting there on the kitchen stool, in his ill-fitting old uniform, with his elbows and knees and shoulders sticking out at angles, Lao Li looked a bundle of firewood in a bag. 2021/6/3038 结束语结束语若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢！。