高三英语第九讲定语从句与名词性从句.docx

第九讲 定语从句与名词性从句适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域人教新课标版课时时长（分钟）90分钟知识点1. 定语从句的关系词，限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句；2. 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句的用法教学目标1.掌握定语从句和名词性从句的用法；2.能够正确判定从句类型并选择正确的连接词教学重点定语从句的关系词，介词加关系代词的用法，定从与其他句型的区别；名词性从句连接词的选择教学难点从句连接词的选择教学过程 一、复习预习1、 复习时态语态知识点2、订正上节课课后作业并讲解重点题目 二、知识讲解（一）定语从句1． 基本概念1）先行词：由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词2）关系词的分类：分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分关系词的分类和基本用法表一分类指代引导词关系代词人who, whom, that, as事物which, that, as人或物（表所属关系）whose关系副词地点where时间when原因why 关系代词指代例句解释who人The man who helped you is Mr White.在定从中作主语whomThat is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.在定从中作宾语，可省略whoseHe is the father whose son studies very well in our class.在定从中作定语thatI´m not the fool that you thought me to be.在定从中作表/主/宾语asHe is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.在定从中作主/宾语that事物The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.在定从中作作表/主/宾语whichA dictionary is a useful book which tells us the meaning of words在定从中作作表/主/宾语whoseHe lives in a room whose window faces south在定从中作定语asIt is such a big stone as nobody can lift.在定从中作宾语整句内容As is known to all, he is the best student.在定从中作主语表二 关系副词指代例句解释when时间Would you suggest a time when we can have a talk?在定从中作状语where地点The house where they live is not very large.在定从中作状语why原因This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.在定从中作状语2. 定语从句的注意点1）that与which, who, whom的用法区别情 况用法说明例 句只用that的情况①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时②先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时④先行词既指人又指物时⑤先行词被the only, the very修饰时⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时①He told me everything that he knows.②All the books that you offered has been given out.③This is the best film that I have ever read.④We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.⑤He is the only man that I want to see.⑥Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况①在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人②在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

③先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who①He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.②I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.③Those who respect others are usually respected by others.只用that，in which或不用关系词的情况the way做先行词时①Mary,there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.②I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood.③What surprised me was not what he said but _______ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which2）as、which和that的区别从句区 别例 句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。

如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.the same... as和the same ...thatthe same... as指同类事物the same ...that 指原物That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具3）where、when与why引导的定语从句 关系副词用 法例 句where关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词We’re just trying to teach a point___ both sides will sit down together and talk.A. where B. that C. when D. whichwhen关系副词 when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。

There was ________time ________I hated to go to school.A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the ; whenwhy关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词Do you know the reason why she was put into prison? 你知道她坐牢的原因吗？4） “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”先行词指物，用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略介词的选择要遵循两个原则：原则内 容例 句原则一根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction__________ she had come.A. of which B.by which C.in which D. from which[解析]此题考查由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，根据句意用from which表示“所来的那个方向”，故答案选[D]原则二根据先行词而定There are two buildings , _______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which[解析] the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings ，which 在定语从句中指代 building，作介词of的宾语，故答案为[D]。

5）定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象现 象例 句在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整①---Is that the small town you often refer to? --- Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work。