考研翻译笔记唐静.doc

一）考研翻译的解题“奥秘”做真题做翻译=写汉字Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-----and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.电视是一种激发和传递这些感情的方式在联系不同民族和国家方面，电视也许以前从没有起如此大的作用像在最近几次欧洲事件中means：方式         by means of by modern means of transportCreate：激发         create feelingsServe：起作用 Peoples：民族（二）考研翻译的题型、命题原则和考试内容1、考研翻译的题型1大的方面：主观题汉字  书写工整2小的方面：阅读题没有必要通读全文有些情况下，需要阅读划线句子的上下文划线句子有代词，需要读上下文2、考研翻译的命题原则1体裁偏向学术文献，比较抽象2题材偏向文科领域3划线的句子长30个字左右，为长难句3、考研翻译的考试内容=考点1考察专有名词、词组和多义词的解释专有名词：人名、地名、国家名称、组织机构名称、术语专业术语（常识性质的专有名词）：Big Bang大爆炸理论  SARS非典学科术语：anthropological 人类学的   linguistics 语言学词组：as…as    by means of例如， home appliances 家用电器   die out 灭绝多义词：before  serve  life熟词生意：set 集，集合   offend 排污超标   particle 粒子生词：超纲词2考察一般性翻译技巧包括：词序调整、词义选择A词序调整：即改变英语单词在汉语译文中的先后顺序例如，I studied very hard in the classroom at 6 every morning. 我每天早上六点钟在教室认真地学习。

B词义选择：即选择一个单词的意思来翻译，解决单词问题词义选择的方法：a 分析词根和词缀multimedia 多媒体，传媒             determinism 决定论b分析上下文：--借生词的上下文来造句人类有能力     环境      （改造/征服/适应）Television is one of the means.  （电视是一种工具/方式/媒介）--借助上下文或根据汉语习惯做同义替换Aspect 方面     However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.处理方面？          处理问题elegant systems     优雅的系统？        完善的、完美的、优良的In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”dealing with a challenge 处理挑战？        应对/解决/面对如此大规模挑战的情况下c根据汉语习惯搭配3、考察具体句型的翻译包括：定语从句、状语从句和被动结构（三）考研翻译的方法直译为主，适当意译。

直译不等于死译考研翻译的标准和步骤1、标准：准确、通顺、完整I sit by the yellow river. 我坐在黄河岸边衡量的方式：读2、翻译步骤：第一步：通读全句，查找连接；第二步：分析成分，划分异群；第三步：选择词义，贴切表达；第四步：适当调整，书写译文One difficulty is that / almost all of what is called behavioral science / continues to trace behavior to /  states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.一个困难是几乎所有被称之为行为科学继续跟踪行为到（根据）心理状态，感情，性格特征，人性本性，等等一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都继续根据心理状态，感情，性格特征，人类本性等等来跟踪行为——————————————心态、感情、个性、人性等等一个困难（/难点）（是/）在于所谓的行为科学几乎（所有/）全部都『那些被称之为行为科学的（学科）』是继续根据心理状态，感情，性格特征，人性等等来跟踪行为。

Trace sth to sth：根据…来跟踪…  to find the original of sth according to sth在将来像过去一样  一如既往          新的东西一定会出现The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated （only a little more than a hundred years ago）, /and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.自然选择在进化过程中的作用  仅仅在一百多年前  才被（得以）发现/阐明/形成， 环境在塑造和保持个体行为的选择作用才刚刚被（得到/加以）认识和研究考研翻译笔记——唐静（二）翻译考点——定语从句前置一、定语从句的翻译1、前置定语从句即把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面定语从句前置的小结：如果定语从句结构简单，信息负载量不大，翻译的时候前置。

1   Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.进一步说/而且，人类有能力改造他们所居住的环境，从而使所有的其他的生命形式服从于人类自己独特的想法和想象Hence/Therefore/Thus    因此，从而Subject   n. 科目，学科；主语，主题；对象v.  subject sth to sth      使…遭受…；使…服从于…New forms of thought as well as subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.新的思维方式和思维对象……peculiar  adj. 特有的         peculiar to…：   …所特有的There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.Idea：想法；观点2   But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, / for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.但是更为重要的是，这就是科学家所能够观察到最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们所看到的是150亿年就存在的形状和结构。

Pattern：模式，形状强调句型的翻译方法：还原强调部分后直接翻译 Billion：十亿 3   We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.我们之所以应该感谢他们是因为其中一些语言（从此以后）已经消失，由于说那些语言的民族已经灭亡或者被同化了，进而失去了他们的母语    Be obliged to sb：感谢，感激Be obliged to do sth：被迫做某事，有责任做某事Since：自从…以后/以来；从此以后（adv）Lost        lose        lossAt a loss：不知所措，迷茫；Take lost：亏损Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.其中一些原因  难：    The trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion 『that the specific demands  (that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment)  cannot generally be foreseen in detail』.这种趋势开始与第二次世界大战期间，当时几个国家政府得出结论：政府想要对其科研机构提出的具体要求一般不能详细预见。

Specific：具体的When：当时；当…时Make demand of…：被…提出要求Make use ofscientific establishment：科研机构同位语从句VS 定语从句：前者完整；后者不完整同位语从句的翻译方法：加冒号翻译考点——定语从句后置定语从句后置小结：如果定语从句结构复杂，信息负载量比较大，翻译的时候后置，这时可以和前面的主句脱离开来单独成句，但常常需要重复先行词或者用代词代替后置最常用1   Do animals have rights? This is how the。