医学英语翻译专题定语从句翻译方法ppt课件.ppt
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医学英医学英语翻翻译专题定定语从句的翻从句的翻译方法方法上海中医药大学外语教学中心丁年青 教授 定定语从句的翻从句的翻译方法方法 •在翻译定语从句之前，必需先搞清从句与主句的限制性或非限制性关系，掌握关系代词或关系副词与主句先行词的关系，然后思索汉语的表达习惯，进展恰当的翻译总的来说，定语从句的译法主要有以下几种： 1. 合合译法法 •所所谓合合译，，就就是是将将定定语从从句句译为主主句句中中先先行行词的的 修修 饰 语 ，， 即即 译 成成“……的的〞〞这种种译法法适适用用于于定定语从从句句较短短、、从从句句对先先行行词的的限限制制性性较强的的情情况况，，另另外外，，只只需需译成成汉语后后的的定定语修修饰语不不太太长、、意意思思清清楚楚、、句句子子又又照照射射都都可可或或应这样译合合译法法 1. 合合译法法 1. Chronic tonsillitis is a disease on which there has been much controversy.慢性扁桃体炎是一种有许多争议的疾病 1. 合合译法法2.Diseases in which structure changes are demonstrable are known as organic diseases.呈现构造变化的疾病称为器质性疾病。
1. 合合译法法3. Anything that happens anywhere in your body is likely to influence your nervous system in one way or another, and anything that influences your nervous system affects the rest of your body.体内任何部位发生的情况都能够对神经系统产生某种程度的影响，而任何影响神经系统的情况都会累及身体的其他部位 2. 分分译法法 •分分译法法即即将将定定语从从句句译成成与与主主句句并并列列的的一一个个分分句句，，采采取取分分译法法时，，从从句句中中的的关关系系词翻翻译可可以以反反复复先先行行词，，也也可可译成成“他他〔〔们〕〕〞〞、、“它它〔〔们〕〕〞〞等等，，有有时也可也可译成成“但是〞、但是〞、“而〞等，表示而〞等，表示转机关系 2. 分分译法法 1.The local reaction frequently invites a vasodilatory reflex, which increases the engorgement of the spongy tissues of the nose.部分反响往往引起血管扩张性反射，这种反射添加鼻海绵组织的充血。
2. 分分译法法2.Several different clinical classifications exist, which vary only in details.有几种不同的临床分类法，但这些方法也只是细节上有所差别 2. 分分译法法3.Gastroenteritis may produce vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever that are difficult to distinguish from those of acute appendicitis.胃肠炎可产生呕吐、腹痛和发热，而这些病症很难与急性阑尾炎相区别 3. 顺序序译法法•所所谓顺序序译法，就是将定法，就是将定语从句的关系从句的关系词省略不省略不译，，将主句与从句将主句与从句顺序而下序而下译为一个整句一个整句 3. 顺序序译法法1.The heart is muscular organ which is divided into a right and left half by a muscular wall.心脏是肌性器官，由肌壁分为左右两半。
3. 顺序序译法法2.There are two major factors that affect the pulse pressure.有有两两种种重重要要要要素素对脉脉压产生影响 3. 顺序序译法法3.In secondary shock, which comes on later, it may be that neurogenic factors play a part. 继发性休克发生较迟，能够有神经元素在起作用 4. 译成各种状成各种状语从句从句•有有时，，定定语从从句句在在意意义上上起起着着各各种种状状语从从句句的的作作用用，，表表示示主主句句的的时间、、缘由由、、目目的的、、条条件件、、结果果或或伴伴随随的的情情况况等等，，翻翻译时应仔仔细琢琢磨磨，，把把这种种关关系系表示出来表示出来 Adverbial Clauses 4. 译成各种状成各种状语从句从句1. The future would seem to lie in chemotherapy, which has proved to selective a weapon in the war against bacteria.〔表示缘由〕未来的希望似乎在于化疗，由于它已被证明是治疗细菌性疾病的可供选择的有效疗法。
4. 译成各种状成各种状语从句从句2.Pancreatic juice is produced by the lobules and passes into the duodenum during digestion, which it aids. 〔表示目的〕胰液由小叶产生，在消化时进入十二指肠，以协助消化 4. 译成各种状成各种状语从句从句3. The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.〔表示退让〕此病虽可发生于任何年龄，但以年轻人最为常见4. The blood flow may be increased by more rapid and vigorous heart action, which accelerates the movement of heat to the skin.血流可因更快和更有力的心脏活动而添加，结果使热量加速转移至皮肤〔表示结果〕5. The sick child who had been given the medicine soon fell asleep.〔表示时间〕病孩服药后很快就入睡了。
4. 译成各种状成各种状语从句从句6. Every patient with valvular or congenital heart disease who develops an obscure fever which persists for more than a few days should be suspected.〔表示条件〕 任何辫膜性或先天性心脏病患者，如出现缘由不明的发热，并继续多天，即应加以疑心7. Much the most important early symptom of tetanus is trismus, a painless spasm of the masseter muscles which causes difficulty in opening the mouth and in masticating.〔表示伴随的情况〕破伤风最重要的早期病症为牙关紧闭，即咀嚼肌无痛性痉挛，引起张口和咀嚼困难 5. 其他其他译法法 •虽然以上几种译法如能在翻译实际中正确和灵敏运用，普通能处理定语从句的翻译问题，但有时仍需求根据详细情况采取一些特殊的译法才干妥帖地表达好原句的意思。
5. 其他其他译法法 1. The dosage should be decreased gradually to the minimal effective level which may be a as low as 100 mg daily.剂量应逐渐递减为最低有效程度，即日剂量低至１００毫克〔译为同位语〕2. When in doubt, which is not infrequent, one will establish the diagnosis by laparotomy.如有疑心〔这种情况也是常见的〕，可经过剖腹术诊断〔译成括号方式〕 5. 其他其他译法法3.Amicroscopic examination of the urine determines the presence of nephritis, which is the most common kidney disease.4.尿的显微镜检查可确定能否患肾炎——一种最常见的肾病〔译成破折号号方式〕 5. 其他其他译法法4.These are the only doctors there are in the ward on duty.病房里值班的就只需这些医生了。
阐明：当定语从句为there is 〔are〕句型时，从句中作主语的关系代词〔which, that, who等〕经常省略不用翻译时可不译there is 〔are〕，而将从句译成先行词的定语 5. 其他译法其他译法5. The thermometers do not tell us about the amount of heat there is in them.〔从句中省略了作主语的关系代词which或that〕温度计并不表示它本身的热量。
