(完整版)FCE常用从句(1).doc

FCE 常用从句1. 现在时的时间从句{口语中常用} As soon as ...do/does..., ...will/won’t do... 一...就...When...do/does..., ...will/won’t do... 当..., ......do/does...before ...do/does... 在...之前...will/won’t do... before... do/does... 在...之前eg. I eat breakfast before I go to school. I won’t get married before I graduate from college.{注意：时间状语从句使用一般现在时，主句可以使用一般现在时或将来时} --其他的从句引导词【用法同上】 by the time... 直到... {I’ll do homework by the time we go home.}until... 到... {I will wait until you arrive.}once... 一旦... {Once you open it, you must finish eating it in one day.}after... 在...之后 {After I eat breakfast, I will go to school.}the next time... 下一次... {Bring some money the next time you come here.}2. 过去时的时间从句{故事写作中常用}While/As...was/were doing..., ...did... When ...did..., ...was/were doing... Eg. While Randy was taking a shower, Hank called him. When Randy came out of the shower, Hank was crying on the floor. After...had done..., ...did... 在...结束后，...才发生Before...did..., ...had done... 在...发生前,...已经结束了By the time...did..., ...had done... 到...结束的时候，...已经结束了 Eg. After I had told a joke, everyone laughed. Before Randy laughed, Hank had beaten himself. By the time Hank beat himself, Randy had gone to the toilet. After ...had been doing..., ...did... 在...持续一段时间后, ...发生了Before/By the time...did..., ...had been doing... 在...发生之前/到...发生的时候, ...持续了一段时间Eg. After I had been working as a teacher for a while , I realized it was the perfect job for me. Before I got any recognition(认可), I had been working really hard. Cleft sentence{分裂句}--we use it to emphasize a part in the sentence {用来强调句子中的某个部分}It is+强调部分+ that +句子剩余部分 {现在时的句子}It was+强调部分+ that+句子剩余部分 {过去时的句子}【注意：强调部分如果是人，可以用who代替that】Eg. He took part in the singing competition last year. --It was last year that he took part in the singing competition.3. 结果状语从句{口语和写作中均常用} too+adj./adv. (+for sb to do) 太...而不能...eg. You are too old to play hide-and-seek. adj./adv. enough (+for sb to do) 足够...而能...enough+n. 足够的...eg. Her hands are small enough to wear that pair gloves. He has enough money to buy whatever he wants. so+adj./adv.+that+句子 如此...以至于...eg.He is so crazy that no one talks to him.--so many+名词复数+that+句子 如此多的...以至于...--so much+不可数名词+that+句子 如此多的...以至于...eg. There are so many people in the world that we can barely feed everyone. He has drunk too much water that he keeps on going to the toilet.such+ n.+ that +句子 如此...以至于... eg. He is such a naive(天真的) person that he literally believes anything he is told. {such a/an+adj. + that +句子}--such a lot of+名词+that+句子 “如此多的...”--such a long time 如此长的时间--such a long way 如此长的路程eg. Tennis is so interesting that I get excited whenever I play it. = Tennis is such an interesting sport that I get excited whenever I play it. 4. 定语从句 {写作&口语中常用&英语应用中常考} relative clause{定语从句}--defining clause{限定性定语从句}功能：修饰限定所修饰名词--去掉后句意不完整1)指人名词+who/that+动词 指人名词 (+who/that)+主语+及物动词eg. I like the girl who/that speaks English fluently. {使用girl发出的动作修饰限定girl} I know the person (who/that) you just talked to. {使用person所承受的动作修饰限定person}2) 指物名词+which/that+动词 指物名词 (+which/that) +主语+及物动词eg. I like to read the book which/that tells us about Harry Potter. {使用book发出的动词修饰限定book} I have read the book (which/that) he borrowed from the library. 3) 地点名词+where+sb do sth “一个某人做某事的地方”eg. School is a place where we study. 地点名称+where + there is/are+名词 “一个有着...的地方”eg. School is a place where there are lots of students and teachers. {地点名词+where+不含有地点介词的句子}4) 时间名词+when+ sb do sth “一个某人做某事的时间” --常用来修饰限定节日eg. Birthday is the time when we have a birthday party. {时间名词+when+不含有时间介词的句子}5) 名词1+ whose+ 名词2+ 动词 名词1+whose+名词2+ 主语+及物动词【名词2属于名词1】 {名词+whose+名词的所有物+...} Eg. Randy whose voice is loud studies in my class. The gardener whose son I taught works in my garden. 6) 介词+whom+ ... 介词+which+...{注意：介词后-指人用whom；指物用-which}Eg. This is the boy to whom I was talking. {=This is the boy who I was talking to.} I read the book with which he taught us. {=This is the book which he taught us with.}--non-defining clause {非限定性定语从句}--they add information to the previous noun {补充说明前面的名词} --if they are taken away, the meaning of the sentence is not influenced {去掉后，句意仍然完整} --they are separated from the noun by a comma {和被修饰名词由逗号隔开}--only ‘that’ can’t be used in non-defining clause, the rest of the linking device can be used {除了that 以外其他引导限定性定语从句的词均能引导非限定性定语从句}Eg. My mother, who has been working as a nurse for 20 years, is very patient. {去掉who引导的从句，句意仍然明确}--non-defining clause My mother is the woman who created the new teaching method . {去掉who引导的从句，句意不明确}--defining clause --additional clause {补充性从句}句子，which... {使用which从句评价前面的事情}Eg. He has read several books related to this area before, which makes it easier for him to learn 。