高考英语必考语法大全.doc

高考英语必考语法大全（史上最简约版）高考之前，各位考生需要从以下几个方面做好准备：词法、句法、时态与语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装句接下来我们分别对这些知识进行讲解阐释：第一：词法作用：英语是由词、句、篇构成，单词的词性是打开英语大门的钥匙，词法是英语学习的基础地位：词法能帮助考生理解许多英语概念，只有掌握了词性知识，才能理解英语句子结构，从而理解句子及整篇文章学习方法：牢固掌握每个词性的句法功能，及每个句子成分都由哪些词性的单词构成主抓实词，兼顾虚词，总结固定词组①名词A.句法功能主语：The book is on the desk.表语：The tall man is a singer.宾语：I found a cat on the grass.宾语补足语：We call him a hero.定语：I found a stone wall in the village.同位语：Mr. Liu, our English teacher, is very handsome.状语：The desk weighs 20 kilograms.B. 所有格a.含义：表所属关系：my mom’s dress表类别：a woman’s school表动作的执行者或承受者：my father’s praiseb.分类‘s所有格 表有生命的my father’s carof所有格 表无生命的 the cover of the book双重所有格 表部分概念或某种感情 a friend of my sister’s ②冠词不定冠词：a, an 表泛指，每一，类别，抽象名词具体化定冠词: the 表特指的人或物零冠词：表许多特殊含义和特殊用法③代词A人称代词主格：I you he she it we you they 宾格：me you him her it us you themB 物主代词形容词性：my you’re his her its our you’re their名词性：mine yours his hers its ours yours theirsC 反身代词单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselvesD 相互代词each other one another each other’s one another’s E 指示代词this that these those such sameF 疑问代词who whom whose which whatG 连接代词who whom which what that whose whoever whomever whatever whichever等H 关系代词who whom whose which that asI 不定代词every-some-any-no-人-bodyeverybodysomebodyanybodynobody-oneeveryonesomeoneanyoneno one物-thingeverythingsomethinganythingnothing-whereeverywheresomewhereanywherenowhere注意：1. –body和-one同义 2. –thing有两个意思：东西和事情 3. some 有两个意思：一些和某一 some book some books 4. 不定代词的定语要后置J it的用法A用作代词a. 代上文提到的同一物b. 代上文的指示代词c. 代天气、时间、距离、环境等d. 代不清楚的一个人e. 代整个句子B. 形式主语It’s important for you to learn English well.C. 形式宾语Our boss made it clear that he would go abroad next month.D. 强调句型It is/was +主/宾/状+that/who +其余成分④数词A. 年月日时刻及年代表达法a.基本顺序是月、日、年b. 具体时刻用atc. 具体某一天用on举例：at 3:40 on Sep 1st, 2009 in Aug, 2004 in the 1980’sB. 分数构成：基数词/序数词分子大于1时，分母用复数a half a quarter five and four sixths注意：本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定C.百分数构成：基数词+percent注意：本身没有单复数，根据它所代替的名词而决定。

D. 倍数表达方法My room is twice larger than his room.= My room is twice as large as his room.= My room is twice the size of his room.= The area of my room is twice that of his room.= The area of my room is twice what his room has.总结：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 注意相关形容词与其名词之间的转换long – length high – height wide – width deep – depth weight E. 数词和名词构成复合形容词a two-day holiday a 100-meter-tall building总结：名词作定语用单数⑤ 介词A. 按形式分类简单介词：in on at to from复合介词：into onto inside without短语介词：according to in front of because of instead of双重介词：from under from behind until after except for分词介词：considering including regardingB. 按意义分类时间：before after about past地点：at in on near原因、目的：for, because of owing to with for the sake of due to as a result of所属、伴随：of, with除了：except but besides except for方法、手段：in by with without关于：on about of over⑥ 形容词与副词A. 形容词句法功能a定语I think he is the great man alive in the world.b宾语补足语You must keep your room tidy and clean.c 状语The boy lay on the bed, very angry.位置a. 前置He has a red coat.b. 后置I want to tell you something important.B. 副词分类a. 时间 now today already recentlyb. 地点 home here below aheadc. 程度 very quite rather onlyd. 频度 often always usually seldome. 方式 simply easily happily silentlyf. 语气 indeed certainly obviously fortunately句法功能：a. 定语 Do you know the man upstairs?b. 宾语补足语Can you show me out?c.状语They are working very hard.C. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级a. 同级比较He is as good a boy as his brother.He has as many books as his brother.The tree is the same height as the building.He can read as many as 100 books in a month.To tell you the truth, I didn’t sing as(so) well as my brother.b. 比较级This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.You Ming is much taller than my father.The more you practice, the better you will speak English.It’s getting hotter and hotter and our city is becoming more and more beautiful.c. 最高级He is the third tallest boy in our class.⑦ 动词a. 实义动词及物动词， 后接宾语He gave me a present yesterday.不及物动词，后不接宾语The sun is rising now.b.系动词be动词表“感觉”：look smell taste sound feel表“变化”：become turn get go grow fall come run表“保持”：keep remain stay stand continue lie sit prove表：“似乎”：appear seemc. 助动词be do have will和shalld. 情态动词can/could 表能力 表许可 可能性 could表语气委婉may/might 用来询问 表可能性不大的推测，might语气更不肯定must/have to must表主观上的必须 have to表客观上的必须should/ought to 表应该（建议）应该（推测）shall 征询意见 表要求 命令 威胁等语气will/would 意愿 习惯性动作used to 过去常常，现在已非 后接动词原形 引申：be used to something/doing … be used to do …dare/needdare 敢 适用范围：疑问句、否定句、条件句need 需要，有必要 适用范围：否定句、疑问句易考知识点dare和need既是实义动词，又是情态。