
定语从句讲解1.ppt
56页Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause05 九月 20242 Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定语从句复习限制性定语从句复习在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句被修饰的名词或代词叫先行先行词词引导定语从句的关系代词有:which, that, who, whom, whose和as引导英语从句的关系副词有:where, when, why05 九月 20243定语从句后置定语从句后置The day came at last when I went to college.He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.05 九月 20244定语从句复习定语从句复习定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句05 九月 20245限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部中不可缺少的组成部分,主句和从句之间分,主句和从句之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开隔开非限定性定语从句是对非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明,主句先行词的补充说明,没有这种从句不影响主没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗号用逗号把主句和从句分开把主句和从句分开引导词:引导词:who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等,等,不用不用that,不能省略不能省略引导词:引导词:关系代词和关系副词,关系代词和关系副词,作作宾语宾语时一些关系代时一些关系代词词可以省略可以省略05 九月 20246限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词注意事项注意事项:1.从句的位置从句的位置:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成:构成:先行词先行词 之后之后“….的的”关系词关系词05 九月 20247Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系05 九月 20248先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boy’s =whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词+先行词关系副词实际上是介词+先行词05 九月 20249指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人;物人;物主语;宾语主语;宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省which物物主语;宾语主语;宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省who人人主语;宾语主语;宾语 作宾语可省作宾语可省whom人人宾语宾语可省可省whose人;物人;物定语定语不可省不可省关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词关系代词05 九月 202410二、关系词的用法:二、关系词的用法:(一)关系代词的用法(一)关系代词的用法::1 1、作主语用、作主语用、作主语用、作主语用who, whichwho, which和和和和that, that, 如:如:如:如: He is the man He is the man who/that who/that lives next door.lives next door. The train The train which/thatwhich/that has just left is for Shenzhen. has just left is for Shenzhen.2 2、作宾语用、作宾语用、作宾语用、作宾语用whom, who, which, that, whom, who, which, that, 如:如:如:如: The man The man (whom/who/that)(whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book Where is the book (which/that) (which/that) I bought last week? I bought last week?注注注注::::在在在在非非非非正正正正式式式式文文文文体体体体中中中中,,,,用用用用于于于于指指指指人人人人的的的的关关关关系系系系代代代代词词词词who who whom, whom, that that 通通通通常常常常可可可可以以以以省省省省略略略略,,,,但但但但在在在在正正正正式式式式文文文文体体体体中中中中通通通通常常常常用用用用whom, whom, 不不不不可可可可省省省省略略略略;;;;用用用用于于于于指指指指物物物物的的的的关关关关系系系系代代代代词词词词whichwhich和和和和that that 在在在在非非非非正正正正式式式式文文文文体体体体中中中中也也也也通通通通常常常常省省省省略略略略,,,,但但但但在在在在正正正正式式式式文文文文体体体体中中中中一一一一般不省略。
般不省略般不省略般不省略05 九月 2024113 3、作定语用、作定语用、作定语用、作定语用whose, whose, 如:如:如:如: (a) He is the man (a) He is the man whosewhose car was stolen last week. car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.4 4、、、、作作作作表表表表语语语语只只只只用用用用that that ,,,,它它它它既既既既可可可可以以以以指指指指人人人人,,,,也也也也可可可可以以以以指指指指物物物物,,,,但但但但时时时时常常常常省省省省略略略略例如:例如:例如:例如: He is no longer the manHe is no longer the man that that he used to be.he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place This is no longer the dirty place (that) (that) it used to be.it used to be.注注注注::::“ “whose whose + +名名名名词词词词中中中中心心心心词词词词” ”这这这这一一一一结结结结构构构构在在在在定定定定语语语语从从从从句句句句中中中中既既既既能能能能作作作作主主主主语语语语((((如如如如上上上上a a句句句句)))),,,,又又又又能能能能作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语((((如如如如上上上上b b句句句句))))。
whose whose 的的的的先先先先行行行行词词词词常常常常用用用用来来来来指指指指人人人人,,,,但但但但有有有有时时时时也也也也可可可可以以以以用用用用来来来来指指指指具具具具体体体体事事事事物物物物或或或或抽抽抽抽象象象象概概概概念念念念,,,,这这这这时时时时可可可可以以以以与与与与of of whichwhich 结结结结构互换,词序是:构互换,词序是:构互换,词序是:构互换,词序是:“ “名词名词名词名词+of which+of which” ”,如:,如:,如:,如: They They came came to to a a househouse whose whose back back wallwall had had broken broken down. down. (= (= the the back wall of which)back wall of which) He’s He’s written written a a bookbook the the name name of of which which I’ve I’ve completely completely forgotten. forgotten. (=(= whose name whose name) )11.先行词为先行词为one,,ones,,anyone,,those,,he时,只用时,只用whoeg::He who laughs last laughs best2.在2.在there be句型中,先行句型中,先行词为人只用词为人只用whoeg::He who laughs last laughs best.。
There is a man who is stealingeg: 那儿有个偷东西的人那儿有个偷东西的人05 九月 202413难点一难点一: whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the student’s关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格05 九月 202414难点一难点一: whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the house’s windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken05 九月 202415难点二难点二:as 1. 引导限定性定语从句,指代被引导限定性定语从句,指代被 the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词等修饰的名词Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.We’re facing the same problems as we did years ago.05 九月 202416It is as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.比较:比较:Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(结果状语从句)(结果状语从句)05 九月 202417关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. .He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.05 九月 202418关系副词的用法关系副词的用法指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略when时间时间状语状语否否where地点地点状语状语否否why原因原因状语状语否否关系副词关系副词05 九月 202419(二)关系副词的用法:(二)关系副词的用法:1 1、、、、when when 指指指指时时时时间间间间,,,,在在在在从从从从句句句句中中中中作作作作时时时时间间间间状状状状语语语语,,,,它它它它的的的的先先先先行行行行词词词词通通通通常常常常有:有:有:有:time, day, morning, night, week, year time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。
如:等如: I I still still remember remember the the time time whenwhen I I first first became became a a college college student.student. Do you know the date Do you know the date whenwhen Lincoln was born? Lincoln was born?注注注注::::whenwhen时时时时常常常常可可可可以以以以省省省省略略略略,,,,特特特特别别别别是是是是在在在在某某某某些些些些句句句句型型型型和和和和某某某某些些些些时时时时间间间间状语中例如:状语中例如:状语中例如:状语中例如: Each time Each time he camehe came, he did his best to help us., he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day But help never stopped coming from the day she fell illshe fell ill. .05 九月 202420(二)关系副词的用法:(二)关系副词的用法:2 2、、、、wherewhere指指指指地地地地点点点点,,,,在在在在从从从从句句句句中中中中作作作作地地地地点点点点状状状状语语语语。
它它它它的的的的先先先先行行行行词词词词通通通通常常常常有有有有::::place, place, spot, spot, street, street, house, house, room, room, city, city, town, town, countrycountry等等等等,,,,如:如:如:如: This is the hotel This is the hotel wherewhere they are staying. they are staying. I forget the house I forget the house where where the Smiths lived.the Smiths lived. 注:注:注:注:wherewhere有时也可以省略如:有时也可以省略如:有时也可以省略如:有时也可以省略如: This is the place (where) we met yesterday.This is the place (where) we met yesterday.05 九月 202421(二)关系副词的用法:(二)关系副词的用法:3 3、、、、whywhy指原因或理由,它的先行词只有指原因或理由,它的先行词只有指原因或理由,它的先行词只有指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reasonreason。
例如:例如: That is the reason That is the reason why why he is leaving so soon.he is leaving so soon.注:注:注:注:whywhy时常也可以省略如:时常也可以省略如:时常也可以省略如:时常也可以省略如: That is the real reason he did it.That is the real reason he did it.05 九月 202422( (三三) ) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点:使用关系副词应注意下列几点:1 1、、、、这这这这三三三三个个个个关关关关系系系系副副副副词词词词在在在在意意意意义义义义上上上上都都都都相相相相当当当当于于于于一一一一定定定定的的的的介介介介词词词词+which+which结构:结构:结构:结构: when = on (in, at, during…) + which;when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. why = for which. 如:如:如:如: I was in Beijing on the day I was in Beijing on the day whenwhen (=on which) he arrived. (=on which) he arrived. The The office office where where (=in (=in which) which) he he works works is is on on the the third third floor.floor. This is the chief reason This is the chief reason whywhy (=for which) we did it. (=for which) we did it.05 九月 202423( (三三) ) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点:使用关系副词应注意下列几点:2 2、、、、当当当当先先先先行行行行词词词词是是是是表表表表时时时时间间间间的的的的time, time, dayday等等等等和和和和表表表表地地地地点点点点的的的的place, place, househouse等等等等时时时时,,,,一一一一定定定定要要要要注注注注意意意意分分分分析析析析从从从从句句句句的的的的结结结结构构构构,,,,如如如如果果果果缺缺缺缺少少少少主主主主语语语语或或或或宾宾宾宾语语语语时时时时,,,,关关关关系系系系词词词词应应应应该该该该用用用用whichwhich或或或或thatthat, , 缺缺缺缺少少少少时时时时间间间间状状状状语语语语或或或或地地地地点状语时,才能用点状语时,才能用点状语时,才能用点状语时,才能用whenwhen或或或或wherewhere,试比较:,试比较:,试比较:,试比较: I’ll I’ll never never forget forget the the day day whenwhen my my hometown hometown was was liberated.liberated. I’ll I’ll never never forget forget the the days days which/thatwhich/that we we spent spent together together last summer.last summer. His father works in a factory His father works in a factory wherewhere radio parts are made. radio parts are made. His His father father works works in in a a factory factory which/thatwhich/that makes makes radio radio parts.parts.05 九月 202424( (三三) ) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点:使用关系副词应注意下列几点:温馨提示:温馨提示:温馨提示:温馨提示: whenwhen和和和和wherewhere既既既既可可可可以以以以引引引引导导导导限限限限制制制制性性性性定定定定语语语语从从从从句句句句,,,,也也也也可可可可以以以以引引引引导导导导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句。
而而why why 只能引导只能引导只能引导只能引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 05 九月 202425注意注意:关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I don’t like the way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词+先行词关系副词实际上是介词+先行词05 九月 2024261)当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时,如如:All ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等等2)当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修等修饰时饰时3)当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行词时总结总结:只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况05 九月 2024274) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时饰时 5) 在疑问词在疑问词who、、which、、what 开头的句子中开头的句子中只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况05 九月 202428 1. 根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定 This is the pot in which I boiled the milk. This is the pot (which / that) I boiled the milk in. Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting)介词的确定方法:介词的确定方法:介词介词 + which / whom05 九月 2024291979 was the year in which my son was born. (= when)This is the place in which I grew up. (= where)That’s the reason for which he dislikes me. (= why)05 九月 202430The person to whom I complained is the manager.The person (who / whom / that) I complained to is the manager.The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be afraid of)2. 根据从句中的谓语根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定动词或形容词来确定05 九月 2024313. 根据从句所表达的意思来确定根据从句所表达的意思来确定Water, without which man can’t live, is really important. 4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定当介词和从句中的动词构成固定 词组时,介词不能前置词组时,介词不能前置 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.05 九月 202432介词介词 + which / whose + n.I often get up at six, at which time it is still very dark in winter.He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen.05 九月 202433名词名词 + of + which / whom This is the lady the son of whom is a famous writer. (= whose son)These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan.The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lily’s birthday.05 九月 202434代词代词 + of + which / whom 用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。
用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量 这些代词包括:这些代词包括:many, much, some, a few, most, all, both, none, either, neither The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.There are a lot of books, none of which is mine.05 九月 202435 The two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well.The money, all of which has been given to the Hope project, was collected in the performance.The foreigners, most of whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.05 九月 202436数词数词 + of + which / whom I bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels.In our factory there are 800 workers, 40 percent of whom are women.05 九月 202437形容词最高级形容词最高级+ of + which / whom There are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan.She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.05 九月 2024381.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. 2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late. 6.This is the reason _____________________ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词05 九月 2024391.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat , which ,whose, whom or who?05 九月 2024409.Is there anything else _______ you want to say?10.Any person _______ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _______ made others upset.12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhosethat , which ,whose, whom or who?05 九月 2024411. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10?3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _______ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _______ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough whichunder whichof whichfrom whichto whomof which介词介词+关系代词练习关系代词练习05 九月 202442几点注意事项几点注意事项1. the way 表表示示方方式式时时,,其其后后的的定定语语从从句有以下几种情况句有以下几种情况Can you tell me the way (that) you solve the problem. Can you tell me the way in which you solve the problem.05 九月 2024432. 定语从句中的谓语动词定语从句中的谓语动词 要与先行词保持一致要与先行词保持一致He is one of the students who havebeen abroad.He is the only one of the students who has been abroad.05 九月 2024443. 先行词是时间时,并非都用先行词是时间时,并非都用when引导的从句来修饰。
试比较:引导的从句来修饰试比较:Do you still remember the days when there was no electricity?Do you still remember the days (which / that) we spent together?05 九月 202445The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.The place (which / that) I visited last week is in Hong Kong.4. 先行词是地点时,并非都用先行词是地点时,并非都用where引导的从句来修饰试比较:引导的从句来修饰试比较:05 九月 2024465. 先行词是先行词是the reason时,并非都用时,并非都用 why 引导的从句来修饰试比较:引导的从句来修饰试比较:That’s the reason why he was late.That’s the reason (which) he gave me.1.I have many friends, __________ some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom05 九月 202447高考链接D解析:答案解析:答案D D。
考查介词考查介词+ +关系代词关系代词2. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but __________ didn’t help. A. which B. it C. she D. he05 九月 202448高考链接B解析:答案解析:答案B B此句不是考试定语从句,此句不是考试定语从句,而是一个并列句而是一个并列句andand连接两个句子连接两个句子itit指代前一句的内容指代前一句的内容3.If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where05 九月 202449高考链接D解析:答案解析:答案D D先行词chairschairs在定语从句在定语从句中作状语,用中作状语,用wherewhere。
4.----Why does she always ask you for help? ----There is no one else ______, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 05 九月 202450高考链接B解析:答案解析:答案B Boneone是先行词,省略了关系是先行词,省略了关系代词代词thatthat5. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ________ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that05 九月 202451高考链接A解析:答案解析:答案A A。
该题考查定语从句介词该题考查定语从句介词+ +关关系代词6. Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago? A. in which B. by which C. which D. in that05 九月 202452高考链接C解析:答案解析:答案C C先行词farmfarm在从句中作在从句中作visitvisit的宾语7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which05 九月 202453高考链接A解析:答案解析:答案A A该题考查定语从句介词该题考查定语从句介词+ +关关系代词。
系代词8. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that05 九月 202454高考链接A解析:答案解析:答案A A先行词her trousersher trousers在定在定语从句中作状语,故用关系副词语从句中作状语,故用关系副词wherewhere9. ________ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What05 九月 202455高考链接B解析:答案解析:答案B B代替整个句子,在从句中作主语,而从句位于句首时,要用as10.Is this the only reason ______ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. that he explained B. what he explainedC. why he explained D. which he explained 05 九月 202456高考链接A解析:答案解析:答案A A。
先行词前有the only, the very, the right等修饰时,要用that。
