句子种类-陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,*,,*,句子种类,九上,U1,句子种类,陈述句,疑问句,感叹句,祈使句,一、陈述句,陈述句是用于说明事实、看法，描述动作、状态，阐明道理、原因的句子包括肯定结构和否定结构肯定句如下：,,This is a beautiful garden.,,这是一座漂亮的花园We won the game.,,我们赢得了比赛┃,陈述句,┃,肯定句变否定句的基本方法如下：,,1,．,be,动词的否定式：在,be,动词后面加否定词,not,如：,We aren't classmates.,我们不是同学2,．情态动词的否定式：在情态动词后面直接加否定词,not,如：,I can't speak English well.,我英语说得不好3,．实义动词的否定式：借助助动词,do/ does,构成一般现在时的句子结构为：主语＋,doesn‘t/don’t,＋动词原形＋其他如：,He doesn't do exercise every day.,他不是每天锻炼二、疑问句,疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

1,．一般疑问句：用,yes,和,no,来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句形式：,be+,主语,+,其他？,,,情态动词,+,主语,+,动词原形,+,其他？,,,助动词,+,主语,+,动词原形,\,过去分词,+,其他？,,,如：,—Are you tired? —Yes, I am.,,---,Must I finish the work today? --Yes, you must.,,,,---,Have you been to Beijing? –,No, I haven’t,.,2,．特殊疑问句：,,以疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句如：,,常见的特殊疑问词有：,who, which, what, when, where,, why,,,how many\how much, how often, how long, how soon, how far …,,如：,What do you like best?,,When did you go to Beijing last time?,,How often do you exercise?,,,3,．选择疑问句：指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择。

如：,,Shall we go home or stay here for the night?,,我们回家还是待在这里过夜？,,4.,反义疑问句,,,,表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个一般疑问句，两部分的人称和时态应保持一致结构,例句,陈述部分肯定式,+,疑问部分否定式,Tom,is,good at English,,isn’t,he?,,汤姆擅长英语，不是吗？,陈述部分否定式,+,疑问部分肯定式,My father,has,been to Beijing,,hasn’t,he ?,,我父亲没有去过北京，不是吗？,一、反义疑问句的结构（前肯后否，前否后肯）,二、反义疑问句的特殊情况,1,、当陈述部分含有,little / few / never / hardly / seldom / no / neither / nobody / nothing / none,等表示否定意义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式例如：,,①,,She has few friends, does she?,,,她朋友很少，不是吗？,,②,,He has never been there, has she?,,,他从没到过那里，不是吗？,2,、当陈述部分否定意义的词如：,unhappy, dislike, careless,等含有否定词缀在派生词时，仍按肯定句对待，疑问部分用否定形式。

例如：,,①,He looks unhappy today, doesn’t he ?,,,他今天看起来不开心，不是吗？,,②,The girl dislikes history, doesn’t she?,,,那个女孩不喜欢历史，不是吗？,3,、陈述部分为,I think/ believe/ suppose,引导的宾语从句，疑问部分根据从句的情况及整句所表达的肯定或否定意义来完成例如：,,①,I think he is at home, isn’t he?,,,我认为他在家，难道不在吗？,,②,I don’t believe Tom can succeed, can he ?,,,我觉得汤姆不会成功的，他会吗？,4,、当陈述部分是,there be,句型时，疑问句部分用,be,的相应时态提问例如： ①,There are some apples. aren’t there?,,,那里有一些苹果，不是吗？,,②,There will be robots in people’s home in the future,,,won’t there?,,,将来，人们的家里会有机器人，不是吗？,5,、省略的感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定形式，并用,be,的一般现在时提问。

例如： ①,What a clever boy, isn’t he?,,,多么可爱的男孩啊，不是吗？,,②,What beautiful girls, aren’t they?,,,多漂亮的女孩儿们啊，不是吗？,6,、祈使句的反意疑问句，用将来时提问例如： ①,Please close the door, won’t you?,请关上门，好吗？,,②,Don’t close the door, will you?,不要关门，好吗？,,*,Let,开头的祈使句,,①,Let’s go, shall we?,（,Let’s,开头，,shall,提问）,,我们走，好吗？,,②,Let us go, will you?,（,Let,开头，,will,提问）,,让我们走好吗？,7,、陈述部分是,I am,…,,，疑问部分要用,aren’t I,例如：,,,I’m as tall as your sister,，,aren’t I,？,,我和你姐姐一样高，不是吗？,8,、陈述部分有,have to + V,原,(had to + V,原,),，疑问部分常用,don’t +,主语（,didn’t +,主语）。

例如：,We have to get there at eight, don't we?,,,我们必须八点到那里，不是吗？,9,、陈述部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致例如：,,①,She said he would come tomorrow, didn’t she?,,,她说过她明天回来的，不是吗？,,②,He told us how to get to the farm, didn’t he?,,,他告诉过我们怎么去那个农场的，不是吗？,10,、陈述部分的主语为不定代词,somebody, everybody, everyone,或,these, those,时，疑问句部分的主语用,they,作代词；陈述部分的主语为不定代词,something, nothing, something,或,this, that,时，疑问句部分的主语用,it,作代词例如：,,①,Everybody is here, aren’t they?,,,大家都到齐了，不是吗？,,②,Everything is ready, isn’t it?,,,一切都准备好了，不是吗？,1,、永远不可能出现,Yes, it isn’t. / No, it is.,,2,、永远根据“事实”（陈述句部分）来回答：,,事实是肯定用,Yes,， 事实是否定用,No,。

例如： ①,It is a fine day, isn’t it?,今天天气真好，不是吗？,,,Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.,是的，天气真好/,不是的，天气不好②,It isn’t a fine day, is it?,今天天气不好，不是吗？,,,Yes, it is . / No, it isn’t.,是的，天气不好/,不是的，天气好三、反意疑问句如何回答,祈使句类型,结构,例句,V,型,V,原＋其它成分,Keep quiet.,,保持安静Be,型,Be,动词＋其它成分,Be careful when crossing the street.,,过马路时要小心Let,型,Let,＋宾语＋,V,原＋其它成分,Let him go back now.,让他现在回去吧No,型,No + Ving /,名词,NO PHOTOS!,,禁止拍照！,三、祈使句,祈使句类型,结构,例句,V,型,Don’t,或,Never + V,原＋其它成分,Don’t say that again!,,别再那样说了！,Be,型,Don’t be,＋其它成分,Don’t be careless.,,不要粗心。

Let,型,Don’t + let,＋宾语＋,V,原＋其它成分,Don’t let me down.,,别让我是失望No,型,No + Ving /,名词,No smoking!,,禁止吸烟！,祈使句的否定句式,,祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用,will,或,won’t,在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即,Yes,与,will,保持一致；,No,与,won’t,保持一致二是意思相反，即,Yes,是“不”的意思；,No,是“是”的意思在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件例如：,祈使句的回答,,--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside.,,请不要出去外面雨下得很大 Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.,,不行，我得去机场接我弟弟表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句感叹句分为两种：一种以,what,引导，一种以,how,引导句尾通常用感叹号“ ！” 四、感叹句,一、,What,引导的感叹句！,,*,what,修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：,,1. What + a (an) +,形容词,+,可数名词单数,+,主语,+,谓语！,,如：,What a fine day it is!,今天天气真好！,,2. What +,形容词,+,可数名词复数或不可数名词,+,主语,+,谓语！,,如：,What kind boys they are!,多么善良的男孩啊！,二、,How,引导的感叹句！,,*,how,修饰形容词、副词或动词。

其结构是：,,,How +,形容词（副词）,+,主语,+,谓语！,,如：,①,,How clever the girl is!,多聪明的女孩呀！,,,②,,How hard the worker are working!,,,工人们工作得多努力啊！,,注意：当,how,修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前如：,How the runner runs!,那个运动员跑得好快啊！,【,温馨提示,】,,(1) What,与,How,引导的感叹句，可以相互转换，转换后意义不变如：,What an interesting story it is! = How interesting the story is!,,,多有趣的故事啊！,,(2),在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略如：,,,What a nice present!,（省略,it is,）,,多好的礼物啊！,,,How disappointed!,（省略,she is,或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）,,好失望啊！,【,巧学妙记,】,,感叹句如何选择,What,和,How,？,,后往前，去主谓，,,主前名词，就用,What,，,,主前形容，就用,How,。

◆易错易混点,,【,易错点,】,感叹句,,,---,,delicious the ice cream is! Could you give me one more?,,----Sure.,,A.,,What B. How C. What a D. What an,,【,易混点,】,how,词组辨析,,---,,will your father come back?,,---In three weeks.,,A. How long B. How many,,C. how soon D. How often,,1,、 （,2012·,铜仁中考）,Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. often see,,C. are often seeing D. have often seen,,【,解析,】,选,A,。

祈使句，,+ and you will,祈使句相当于条件状语从句2,、（,2011·,烟台中考）,,Stand over there,，,______ you’ll be able to see it better.A. or B. while C. but D. and,,【,解析,】,选,D,祈使句，,+ and you will,祈使句相当于条件状语从句3,、（,2015,·,贵州黔西南）,_______ beautiful skirt it is!,,A. How B. How a C. What D. What a,,【,解析,】,选,D,主语,it,前的,skirt,为可数名词单数，故选,What a,4,、（,2015,,·,山东济宁）－,Wow! _______ beautiful the music is!,,－,Yes. That’s my favorite.,,A. What B. What a C. What an D. How,,【,解析,】,选,D,。

主语,the music,前的,beautiful,为形容词，故选,How,5,、（,2015,·,黑龙江绥化）,_____ swim in the river alone, Karen. It’s too dangerous.,,A. Not B. Don’t C. Doesn’t,,【,解析,】,选,B,祈使句前用,Don’t,表否定 6,、（,2015,·,吉林长春）,____ along this street, and you can find the hotel no your right ,next to the market.,,A. Walk B. To walk C. Walks D. Walking,,【,解析,】,选,A,祈使句用动词原形开头 7,、 （,2009·,衡阳中考）,Tina is unhappy now, ________?A. isn’t she B. is she C. is he D. did she,,【,解析,】,选,A,。

反义疑问句，前肯后否8,、 （,2010·,怀化中考）,,Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night, ________ ?,,A. don’t they B. didn’t they C. did they D. do they,,【,解析,】,选,A,反义疑问句，前面有,few,表示否定的词，后面的疑问结构用肯定句子种类练习题,,一、单项选择A,,)1. —________ weather! It's raining!,,—Bad luck! We can't go climbing today.,,A. What bad B,．,How bad C,．,What fine D,．,How fine,,(,B,,)2.—She's never spoken to a foreigner, ________,？,,—Yes. She's active and can speak English freely.,,A,．,is she B,．,has she C,．,isn't she D,．,hasn't she,,(,A,,)3. ________ get off the bus before it stops.,,A,．,Don't B,．,Doesn't C,．,Didn't D,．,Hadn't,,(,D,,)4. ----________sweater is this? ----I think it’s Peter’s. A. Who   B.  What   C.  Which    D.  Whose,,(,C,)5.,,wonderful concert they are putting on in the city square!,,A.How B. What C. What a D. What an,,(,A,)6.---,,do you go shopping with your mother?,,---I seldom do that.,,A. How often B. How soon C. How far D. How long,,(,B,)7.Please,,open the door. It is very cold outside.,,A. not B. don’t C. doesn’t D. no,,(,C,)8.,,interesting it is to go sailing in Qingdao in summer!,,A.What B. What an C. How D. How an,,(,C,)9.----Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine? ----______. A. Yes, a dictionary   B. No, a magazine,,C.  A dictionary   D.  Yes,  both(,,B,)10. ---_____you _____TV at the moment? ----No ,you can turn it off. A. Did, watch   B.  Are ,watching,,C. Do ,watch   D.  Have , watched,。